{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T05:43:00Z","timestamp":1786772580605,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022 FI_B2 00047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022 FI_B2 00047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005774","name":"Universitat de Barcelona","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Recovery in people with first-episode psychosis (FEP) remains a major issue. When risk factors are studied in relation to the disorder, potential protective factors should also be considered since they can modulate this relationship. This study is aimed at exploring which premorbid and baseline characteristics are associated with a good and poor global recovery in patients with FEP at 3-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We categorized patients\u2019 outcome by using a Latent Class Analysis (LCA) considering a multimodal set of symptomatic and functional outcomes. A Mixed effects Models Repeated Measures analysis of variance (MMRM) was used to highlight group differences over time on symptomatic and functional outcomes assessed during the 3-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 325 patients with FEP aged between 18 and 35\u00a0years were included. Two groups were identified. A total of 187 patients (57.5%) did not achieve recovery, and 138 patients (42.5%) achieved recovery. Recovered patients had generally a better premorbid and baseline profile in comparison with non-recovered patients (as among which shorter duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), higher degree of insight, better functional level and lower illness severity at baseline). The trajectories for the psychopathological and functional outcomes over 36\u00a0months differed between the non-recovered and the recovered group of patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results pointed to some variables associated with recovery, acting as potential protective factors. These should be considered for early intervention programs to promote psychological resilience specifically in those with a worse prognosis in order to mitigate the effects of the variables that make them more vulnerable to poorer outcome.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-023-02579-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T05:02:02Z","timestamp":1697778122000},"page":"1255-1267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Risk and protective factors for recovery at 3-year follow-up after first-episode psychosis onset: a multivariate outcome approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Clara","family":"Serra-Arum\u00ed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Golay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Bonnarel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Alerci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilith","family":"Abrahamyan Empson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Conus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Alameda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2579_CR1","volume-title":"Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: progress and possibilities","author":"National Research Council (US) and Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Prevention of Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse Among Children, Youth, and Young Adults: Research Advances and Promising Interventions","year":"2009","unstructured":"National Research Council (US) and Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Prevention of Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse Among Children, Youth, and Young Adults: Research Advances and Promising Interventions (2009) Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: progress and possibilities. National Academies Press (US), Washington"},{"key":"2579_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.03.022","volume":"129","author":"M Pruessner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pruessner M, Iyer SN, Faridi K et al (2011) Stress and protective factors in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis, first episode psychosis and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 129:29\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2011.03.022","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2579_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20894","volume":"20","author":"C Arango","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arango C, Dragioti E, Solmi M et al (2021) Risk and protective factors for mental disorders beyond genetics: an evidence-based atlas. World Psychiatry 20:417\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20894","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12380","volume":"12","author":"E Keskinen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Keskinen E, Marttila R, Koivumaa-Honkanen H et al (2018) Search for protective factors for psychosis\u2014a population-based sample with special interest in unaffected individuals with parental psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 12:869\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eip.12380","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20490","volume":"17","author":"J Radua","year":"2018","unstructured":"Radua J, Ramella-Cravaro V, Ioannidis JPA et al (2018) What causes psychosis? An umbrella review of risk and protective factors. World Psychiatry 17:49\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20490","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11112146","volume":"11","author":"C Brasso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brasso C, Giordano B, Badino C et al (2021) Primary psychosis: risk and protective factors and early detection of the onset. Diagnostics (Basel) 11:2146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics11112146","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"2579_CR7","first-page":"74","volume-title":"Handbook of positive psychology","author":"AS Masten","year":"2002","unstructured":"Masten AS, Reed M-GJ (2002) Resilience in development. Handbook of positive psychology. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 74\u201388"},{"key":"2579_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s40737-017-0079-8","volume":"4","author":"A Attard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Attard A, Larkin M, Boden Z, Jackson C (2017) Understanding adaptation to first episode psychosis through the creation of images. J Psychosoc Rehabil Ment Health 4:73\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40737-017-0079-8","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Rehabil Ment Health"},{"key":"2579_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.09.007","volume":"58","author":"O Santesteban-Echarri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santesteban-Echarri O, Paino M, Rice S et al (2017) Predictors of functional recovery in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Clin Psychol Rev 58:59\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.09.007","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2579_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400005964","volume":"6","author":"J Kaufman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kaufman J, Cook A, Arny L et al (1994) Problems defining resiliency: illustrations from the study of maltreated children. Dev Psychopathol 6:215\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579400005964","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"2579_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1376.002","volume":"1094","author":"M Rutter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rutter M (2006) Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1094:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1376.002","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2579_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000028","volume":"24","author":"M Rutter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rutter M (2012) Resilience as a dynamic concept. Dev Psychopathol 24:335\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579412000028","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"2579_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00164","volume":"71","author":"SS Luthar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Luthar SS, Cicchetti D, Becker B (2000) The construct of resilience: a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Dev 71:543\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8624.00164","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"2579_CR14","first-page":"476","volume-title":"Psychotic disorders: comprehensive conceptualization and treatments","author":"L-K Pries","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pries L-K, Guloksuz S, Rutten BPF (2021) Resilience in psychosis spectrum disorder. Psychotic disorders: comprehensive conceptualization and treatments. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 476\u2013484"},{"key":"2579_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.021","volume":"197","author":"WC Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang WC, Chu AOK, Kwong VWY et al (2018) Patterns and predictors of trajectories for social and occupational functioning in patients presenting with first-episode non-affective psychosis: a three-year follow-up study. Schizophr Res 197:131\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.021","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2579_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.04.017","volume":"174","author":"B Gee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gee B, Hodgekins J, Fowler D et al (2016) The course of negative symptom in first episode psychosis and the relationship with social recovery. Schizophr Res 174:165\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2016.04.017","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2579_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.153486","volume":"207","author":"J Hodgekins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hodgekins J, Birchwood M, Christopher R et al (2015) Investigating trajectories of social recovery in individuals with first-episode psychosis: a latent class growth analysis. Br J Psychiatry 207:536\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.153486","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E73","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10010073","volume":"10","author":"E Salagre","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salagre E, Grande I, Sol\u00e9 B et al (2020) Exploring risk and resilient profiles for functional impairment and baseline predictors in a 2-year follow-up first-episode psychosis cohort using latent class growth analysis. J Clin Med 10:E73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10010073","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2579_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S87335","volume":"11","author":"M Valencia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Valencia M, Fres\u00e1n A, Barak Y et al (2015) Predicting functional remission in patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study of symptomatic remission, psychosocial remission, functioning, and clinical outcome. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 11:2339\u20132348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S87335","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"2579_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721003445","volume":"53","author":"J Van Os","year":"2023","unstructured":"Van Os J, Pries L-K, ten Have M et al (2023) Context v. algorithm: evidence that a transdiagnostic framework of contextual clinical characterization is of more clinical value than categorical diagnosis. Psychol Med 53:1825\u20131833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291721003445","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2579_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12037","volume":"7","author":"PS Baumann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baumann PS, Crespi S, Marion-Veyron R et al (2013) Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne): implementation of an early intervention programme for psychosis in Switzerland. Early Interv Psychiatry 7:322\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eip.12037","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2005.01714.x","volume":"39","author":"AR Yung","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yung AR, Yuen HP, McGorry PD et al (2005) Mapping the onset of psychosis: the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 39:964\u2013971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2005.01714.x","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR23","unstructured":"Service of General Psychiatry (2021) TIPP Initial Assessment Tool: TIAT. https:\/\/www.chuv.ch\/fileadmin\/sites\/dp\/documents\/dp-pge-tiat.pdf"},{"key":"2579_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/8.3.470","volume":"8","author":"HE Cannon-Spoor","year":"1982","unstructured":"Cannon-Spoor HE, Potkin SG, Wyatt RJ (1982) Measurement of premorbid adjustment in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 8:470\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/8.3.470","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2579_CR25","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc, Arlington","edition":"4"},{"key":"2579_CR26","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition: DSM-IV-TR\u00ae","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition: DSM-IV-TR\u00ae. American Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"2579_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.107.s416.5.x","author":"JM Haro","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haro JM, Kamath SA, Ochoa S et al (2003) The Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia scale: a simple instrument to measure the diversity of symptoms present in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0447.107.s416.5.x","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl"},{"key":"2579_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.07.014","volume":"81","author":"OD Howes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Howes OD, McCutcheon R, Owen MJ, Murray R (2017) The role of genes, stress and dopamine in the development of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 81:9\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.07.014","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac035","volume":"48","author":"G \u00c5sb\u00f8","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u00c5sb\u00f8 G, Ueland T, Haatveit B et al (2022) The time is ripe for a consensus definition of clinical recovery in first-episode psychosis: suggestions based on a 10-year follow-up study. Schizophr Bull 48:839\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbac035","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2579_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000776","volume":"131","author":"M Canal-Rivero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Canal-Rivero M, Ayesa-Arriola R, Ruiz-Veguilla M et al (2022) Insight trajectories and their impact on psychosocial functioning: a 10-year follow-up study in first episode psychosis patients. J Psychopathol Clin Sci 131:808\u2013816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000776","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Clin Sci"},{"key":"2579_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbab033","volume":"47","author":"M Cowman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cowman M, Holleran L, Lonergan E et al (2021) Cognitive predictors of social and occupational functioning in early psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Schizophr Bull 47:1243\u20131253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbab033","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2579_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.12.011","volume":"218","author":"J McGinty","year":"2020","unstructured":"McGinty J, Upthegrove R (2020) Depressive symptoms during first episode psychosis and functional outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 218:14\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2019.12.011","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2579_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2022.2305","volume":"65","author":"J Elowe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elowe J, Ramain J, Solida A et al (2022) Dynamics between insight and medication adherence in first-episode psychosis: study of 3-year trajectories. Eur Psychiatry 65:e49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2022.2305","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.12.035","volume":"254","author":"J Ramain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramain J, Conus P, Golay P (2023) Interactions between mood and paranoid symptoms affect suicidality in first-episode affective psychoses. Schizophr Res 254:62\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2022.12.035","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2579_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.3.441","volume":"162","author":"NC Andreasen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andreasen NC, Carpenter WT, Kane JM et al (2005) Remission in schizophrenia: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus. AJP 162:441\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.3.441","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"2579_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","volume":"13","author":"SR Kay","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA (1987) The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 13:261\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2579_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","volume":"134","author":"SA Montgomery","year":"1979","unstructured":"Montgomery SA, Asberg M (1979) A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 134:382\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0327(01)00451-7","volume":"72","author":"CJ Hawley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hawley CJ, Gale TM, Sivakumaran T, Hertfordshire Neuroscience Research group (2002) Defining remission by cut off score on the MADRS: selecting the optimal value. J Affect Disord 72:177\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0165-0327(01)00451-7","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2579_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7893.2007.00026.x","volume":"1","author":"P Conus","year":"2007","unstructured":"Conus P, Cotton S, Schimmelmann BG et al (2007) The First-Episode Psychosis Outcome Study: premorbid and baseline characteristics of an epidemiological cohort of 661 first-episode psychosis patients. Early Interv Psychiatry 1:191\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-7893.2007.00026.x","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.2.220","volume":"157","author":"M Tohen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tohen M, Hennen J, Zarate CM et al (2000) Two-year syndromal and functional recovery in 219 cases of first-episode major affective disorder with psychotic features. AJP 157:220\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.2.220","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"2579_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.2246","volume":"64","author":"A Catalan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Catalan A, Richter A, Salazar de Pablo G et al (2021) Proportion and predictors of remission and recovery in first-episode psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Psychiatry 64:e69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.2246","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.117.201475","volume":"211","author":"J Lally","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lally J, Ajnakina O, Stubbs B et al (2017) Remission and recovery from first-episode psychosis in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term outcome studies. Br J Psychiatry 211:350\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.117.201475","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12317","volume":"130","author":"J K\u00e4kel\u00e4","year":"2014","unstructured":"K\u00e4kel\u00e4 J, Panula J, Oinas E et al (2014) Family history of psychosis and social, occupational and global outcome in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 130:269\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.12317","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2579_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.4103\/ipj.ipj_38_21","volume":"30","author":"J Prakash","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prakash J, Chatterjee K, Srivastava K, Chauhan VS (2021) First-episode psychosis: How long does it last? A review of evolution and trajectory. Ind Psychiatry J 30:198\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ipj.ipj_38_21","journal-title":"Ind Psychiatry J"},{"key":"2579_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00580","author":"J Suvisaari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suvisaari J, Mantere O, Kein\u00e4nen J et al (2018) Is it possible to predict the future in first-episode psychosis? Front Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00580","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291703001156","volume":"34","author":"J Addington","year":"2004","unstructured":"Addington J, Van Mastrigt S, Addington D (2004) Duration of untreated psychosis: impact on 2-year outcome. Psychol Med 34:277\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291703001156","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2579_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14005","DOI":"10.1038\/npjschz.2014.5","volume":"1","author":"CM D\u00edaz-Caneja","year":"2015","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-Caneja CM, Pina-Camacho L, Rodr\u00edguez-Quiroga A et al (2015) Predictors of outcome in early-onset psychosis: a systematic review. NPJ Schizophr 1:14005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npjschz.2014.5","journal-title":"NPJ Schizophr"},{"key":"2579_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20822","volume":"20","author":"OD Howes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Howes OD, Whitehurst T, Shatalina E et al (2021) The clinical significance of duration of untreated psychosis: an umbrella review and random-effects meta-analysis. World Psychiatry 20:75\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20822","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.9.975","volume":"62","author":"M Marshall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marshall M, Lewis S, Lockwood A et al (2005) Association between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in cohorts of first-episode patients: a systematic review. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:975\u2013983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.62.9.975","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170800514X","volume":"39","author":"C White","year":"2009","unstructured":"White C, Stirling J, Hopkins R et al (2009) Predictors of 10-year outcome of first-episode psychosis. Psychol Med 39:1447\u20131456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S003329170800514X","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2579_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000904","volume":"50","author":"O Ajnakina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ajnakina O, Stubbs B, Francis E et al (2020) Hospitalisation and length of hospital stay following first-episode psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychol Med 50:991\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291719000904","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2579_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000021","volume":"28","author":"Z Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu Z, Lay B, Oexle N et al (2019) Involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation, stigma stress and recovery: a 2-year study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 28:458\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S2045796018000021","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"2579_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00341","volume":"8","author":"S Swan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Swan S, Keen N, Reynolds N, Onwumere J (2017) Psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress symptoms in psychosis: a systematic review of outcomes. Front Psychol 8:341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00341","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2579_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.02.003","volume":"209","author":"M-H Hall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hall M-H, Holton KM, \u00d6ng\u00fcr D et al (2019) Longitudinal trajectory of early functional recovery in patients with first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 209:234\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2019.02.003","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2579_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.10.013","volume":"125","author":"N Albert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Albert N, Bertelsen M, Thorup A et al (2011) Predictors of recovery from psychosis analyses of clinical and social factors associated with recovery among patients with first-episode psychosis after 5 years. Schizophr Res 125:257\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2010.10.013","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2579_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000282","volume":"44","author":"C Morgan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morgan C, Lappin J, Heslin M et al (2014) Reappraising the long-term course and outcome of psychotic disorders: the AESOP-10 study. Psychol Med 44:2713\u20132726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291714000282","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2579_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs135","volume":"39","author":"RB Zipursky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zipursky RB, Reilly TJ, Murray RM (2013) The myth of schizophrenia as a progressive brain disease. Schizophr Bull 39:1363\u20131372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbs135","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2579_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62036-X","volume":"383","author":"OD Howes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Howes OD, Murray RM (2014) Schizophrenia: an integrated sociodevelopmental-cognitive model. Lancet 383:1677\u20131687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62036-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2579_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp007","volume":"36","author":"CM Cassidy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cassidy CM, Norman R, Manchanda R et al (2010) Testing definitions of symptom remission in first-episode psychosis for prediction of functional outcome at 2 years. Schizophr Bull 36:1001\u20131008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbp007","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2579_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201400558","volume":"67","author":"S Friis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Friis S, Melle I, Johannessen JO et al (2016) Early predictors of ten-year course in first-episode psychosis. Psychiatr Serv 67:438\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.201400558","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2579_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-022-00285-1","volume":"8","author":"J Lundsgaard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lundsgaard J, Kristensen TD, Wenneberg C et al (2022) Premorbid adjustment associates with cognitive and functional deficits in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Schizophrenia (Heidelb) 8:79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41537-022-00285-1","journal-title":"Schizophrenia (Heidelb)"},{"key":"2579_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn143","volume":"35","author":"L Wunderink","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wunderink L, Sytema S, Nienhuis FJ, Wiersma D (2009) Clinical recovery in first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Bull 35:362\u2013369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbn143","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2579_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201400316","volume":"67","author":"D Berg\u00e9","year":"2016","unstructured":"Berg\u00e9 D, Man\u00e9 A, Salgado P et al (2016) Predictors of relapse and functioning in first-episode psychosis: a two-year follow-up study. Psychiatr Serv 67:227\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.201400316","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2579_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4642","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144642","volume":"12","author":"C Conchon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Conchon C, Spr\u00fcngli-Toffel E, Alameda L et al (2023) Improving pathways to care for patients at high psychosis risk in switzerland: psyyoung study protocol. J Clin Med 12:4642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12144642","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2579_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000253783.32338.6e","volume":"195","author":"M Harrow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harrow M, Jobe TH (2007) Factors involved in outcome and recovery in schizophrenia patients not on antipsychotic medications: a 15-year multifollow-up study. J Nerv Ment Dis 195:9","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"2579_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3371\/CSRP.5.4.3","volume":"5","author":"A-K Torgalsb\u00f8en","year":"2012","unstructured":"Torgalsb\u00f8en A-K (2012) Sustaining full recovery in schizophrenia after 15 years: does resilience matter? Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses 5:193\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3371\/CSRP.5.4.3","journal-title":"Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses"},{"key":"2579_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.04.007","volume":"52","author":"A-K Torgalsb\u00f8en","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torgalsb\u00f8en A-K, Fu S, Czajkowski N (2018) Resilience trajectories to full recovery in first-episode schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 52:54\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.04.007","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2010.73.1.70","volume":"73","author":"A-K Torgalsb\u00f8en","year":"2010","unstructured":"Torgalsb\u00f8en A-K, Rund BR (2010) Maintenance of recovery from schizophrenia at 20-year follow-up: what happened? Psychiatry 73:70\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/psyc.2010.73.1.70","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"2579_CR69","first-page":"13","volume":"27","author":"V Bozikas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bozikas V, Parlapani E (2016) Resilience in patients with psychotic disorder. Psychiatriki 27:13\u201316","journal-title":"Psychiatriki"},{"key":"2579_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112643","volume":"284","author":"A Wright","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wright A, Fowler D, Greenwood K (2020) Influences on functional outcome and subjective recovery in individuals with and without First Episode Psychosis: a metacognitive model. Psychiatry Res 284:112643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112643","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-023-02579-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-023-02579-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-023-02579-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T13:02:54Z","timestamp":1718370174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-023-02579-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-023-02579-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}