{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:36:25Z","timestamp":1789148185928,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008678","name":"Universit\u00e4t Leipzig","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008678","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study aims to examine time trends in the ability to correctly identify schizophrenia and major depression within the German general population from 1990 to 2020, as an indicator of changing mental health literacy (MHL). Additionally, we investigated shifts in the use of stigmatizing language.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our analysis is based on four waves of representative population surveys in Germany in 1990\/1993 (West Germany: <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02044, East Germany: <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01563), 2001 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05025), 2011 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02455), and 2020 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03042) using identical methodology. Respondents were presented with an unlabelled case vignette describing a person who exhibited symptoms of either schizophrenia or major depression. Participants were then asked to name the problem described in the vignette using an open-ended question.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>From 1990\/1993 to 2020, correct identification of schizophrenia increased from 18% to 34% and from 27% to 46% for major depression. However, derogatory labels remained constant throughout all survey waves, particularly for schizophrenia (19% in 1990\/1993 and 18% in 2020). For depression, more trivializing and potentially devaluing statements were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite the increasing use of psychiatric terminology among the general population, the persistence of derogatory labels suggests that improved MHL, reflected in higher recognition rates, may not automatically translate into a reduction in stigmatizing language. With depression, a normalization and trivialization of a severe illness could pose new challenges to people with major depression. Dedicated efforts to combat the stigma of severe mental illness are still needed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-024-02660-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T06:01:25Z","timestamp":1712469685000},"page":"1793-1801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Changes in the ability to correctly identify schizophrenia and depression: results from general population surveys in Germany over 30\u00a0years"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Elise","family":"Grohmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani","family":"Al-Addous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5402-6631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0148-2163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezgi","family":"Dogan-Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2357-2138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias C.","family":"Angermeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6752-463X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Schomerus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2660_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1997.tb140071.x","volume":"166","author":"AF Jorm","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jorm AF, Korten AE, Jacomb PA et al (1997) \u201cMental health literacy\u201d: a survey of the public\u2019s ability to recognise mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment. Med J Aust 166:182\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1997.tb140071.x","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2660_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025957","volume":"67","author":"AF Jorm","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jorm AF (2012) Mental health literacy: empowering the community to take action for better mental health. Am Psychol 67:231\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0025957","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"2660_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1823-5191","volume":"50","author":"U Reininghaus","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reininghaus U, Schomerus G, H\u00f6lling H et al (2023) \u201cShifting the curve\u201d: neue entwicklungen und herausforderungen im bereich der public mental health (\u201cshifting the curve\u201d: new developments and challenges in the field of public mental health). Psychiatr Prax 50:160\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1823-5191","journal-title":"Psychiatr Prax"},{"key":"2660_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-10-113","volume":"10","author":"A Gulliver","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gulliver A, Griffiths KM, Christensen H (2010) Perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking in young people: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 10:113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-244X-10-113","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2660_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.5.396","volume":"177","author":"AF Jorm","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jorm AF (2000) Mental health literacy. Public knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders. Br J Psychiatry 177:396\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.177.5.396","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2660_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100614531398","volume":"15","author":"PW Corrigan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Corrigan PW, Druss BG, Perlick DA (2014) The impact of mental illness stigma on seeking and participating in mental health care. Psychol Sci Public Interest 15:37\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1529100614531398","journal-title":"Psychol Sci Public Interest"},{"key":"2660_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.116.188078","volume":"210","author":"G Thornicroft","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thornicroft G, Chatterji S, Evans-Lacko S et al (2017) Undertreatment of people with major depressive disorder in 21 countries. Br J Psychiatry 210:119\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.116.188078","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2660_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.11.047","volume":"260","author":"MC Angermeyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Angermeyer MC, Carta MG, Holzinger A et al (2018) The diffusion of the diagnostic term bipolar disorder among the German public. Psychiatry Res 260:75\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.11.047","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2660_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2008.06.010","volume":"24","author":"MC Angermeyer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Angermeyer MC, Holzinger A, Matschinger H (2009) Mental health literacy and attitude towards people with mental illness: a trend analysis based on population surveys in the eastern part of Germany. Eur Psychiatry 24:225\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2008.06.010","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2660_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.2012.00109.x","volume":"42","author":"PN Chamberlain","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chamberlain PN, Goldney RD, Taylor AW et al (2012) Have mental health education programs influenced the mental health literacy of those with major depression and suicidal ideation? A comparison between 1998 and 2008 in South Australia. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 42:525\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1943-278X.2012.00109.x","journal-title":"Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior"},{"key":"2660_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01739.x","volume":"40","author":"AF Jorm","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jorm AF, Christensen H, Griffiths KM (2006) Changes in depression awareness and attitudes in Australia: the impact of beyondblue: the national depression initiative. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 40:42\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01739.x","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2660_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06957.x","volume":"183","author":"RD Goldney","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goldney RD, Fisher LJ, Dal Grande E et al (2005) Changes in mental health literacy about depression: South Australia, 1998 to 2004. Med J Aust 183:134\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06957.x","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2660_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2012.01826.x","volume":"125","author":"G Schomerus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schomerus G, Schwahn C, Holzinger A et al (2012) Evolution of public attitudes about mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 125:440\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2012.01826.x","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2660_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1037\/ipp0000094","volume":"7","author":"A Furnham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Furnham A, Swami V (2018) Mental health literacy: a review of what it is and why it matters. Int Perspect Psychol 7:240\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ipp0000094","journal-title":"Int Perspect Psychol"},{"key":"2660_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0681-9","volume":"15","author":"Y Wei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wei Y, McGrath PJ, Hayden J et al (2015) Mental health literacy measures evaluating knowledge, attitudes and help-seeking: a scoping review. BMC Psychiatry 15:291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-015-0681-9","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2660_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa013","volume":"30","author":"C Henderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Henderson C, Potts L, Robinson EJ (2020) Mental illness stigma after a decade of time to change England: inequalities as targets for further improvement. Eur J Public Health 30:526\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa013","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2660_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.1996.9653264","volume":"31","author":"SJ Derry","year":"1996","unstructured":"Derry SJ (1996) Cognitive schema theory in the constructivist debate. Educ Psychol 31:163\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00461520.1996.9653264","journal-title":"Educ Psychol"},{"key":"2660_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000231428.98039.6c","volume":"194","author":"G Schomerus","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schomerus G, Borsche J, Matschinger H et al (2006) Public knowledge about causes and treatment for schizophrenia: a representative population study. J Nerv Ment Dis 194:622\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.nmd.0000231428.98039.6c","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"2660_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.025791","volume":"190","author":"G Thornicroft","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thornicroft G, Rose D, Kassam A et al (2007) Stigma: ignorance, prejudice or discrimination? Br J Psychiatry 190:192\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.025791","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2660_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-25","volume":"8","author":"KM Griffiths","year":"2008","unstructured":"Griffiths KM, Christensen H, Jorm AF (2008) Predictors of depression stigma. BMC Psychiatry 8:25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-244X-8-25","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2660_CR21","first-page":"16","volume":"1","author":"PW Corrigan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Corrigan PW, Watson AC (2002) Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness. World Psychiatry 1:16\u201320","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2660_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e78","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2022.2337","volume":"65","author":"G Schomerus","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schomerus G, Schindler S, Sander C et al (2022) Changes in mental illness stigma over 30 years\u2013improvement, persistence, or deterioration? Eur Psychiatry 65:e78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2022.2337","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2660_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S204579602300001X","volume":"32","author":"MC Angermeyer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Angermeyer MC, Schindler S, Matschinger H et al (2023) The rise in acceptance of mental health professionals: help-seeking recommendations of the German public 1990\u20132020. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 32:e11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S204579602300001X","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"2660_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1332891","volume":"40","author":"J Bahlmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bahlmann J, Angermeyer MC, Schomerus G (2013) \u201cBurnout\u201d statt \u201cdepression\u201d\u2013eine Strategie zur Vermeidung von stigma? (calling it \u201cburnout\u201d instead of \u201cdepression\u201d\u2013a strategy to avoid stigma?). Psychiatr Prax 40:78\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0032-1332891","journal-title":"Psychiatr Prax"},{"key":"2660_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1387365","volume":"42","author":"J Bahlmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bahlmann J, Schomerus G, Angermeyer MC (2015) Nicht ganz dasselbe: krankheitsvorstellungen von burnout und depression in der allgemeinbev\u00f6lkerung (not quite the same: illness beliefs regarding burnout and depression among the general population). Psychiatr Prax 42:443\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1387365","journal-title":"Psychiatr Prax"},{"key":"2660_CR26","unstructured":"Leeuw ED de, Hox JJ, Dillman DA (eds) (2008) International handbook of survey methodology, 0th Edn. EAM book series. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates"},{"issue":"3","key":"2660_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.25646\/8456","volume":"6","author":"C Heidemann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heidemann C, Scheidt-Nave C, Beyer A-K et al (2021) Gesundheitliche lage von erwachsenen in deutschland\u2014ergebnisse zu ausgew\u00e4hlten indikatoren der studie GEDA 2019\/2020-EHIS. J Health Monit 6(3):3\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25646\/8456","journal-title":"J Health Monit"},{"key":"2660_CR28","unstructured":"Busch M, Hapke U, Mensink G. (2011) GBE kompakt 2(7). www.rki.de\/gbe-kompakt. Accessed 07 May 2023"},{"key":"2660_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-013-1688-3","volume":"56","author":"MA Busch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Busch MA, Maske UE, Ryl L et al (2013) Pr\u00e4valenz von depressiver symptomatik und diagnostizierter depression bei erwachsenen in Deutschland: ergebnisse der studie zur gesundheit erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1) (prevalence of depressive symptoms and diagnosed depression among adults in Germany: results of the German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1)). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 56:733\u2013739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-013-1688-3","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz"},{"key":"2660_CR30","unstructured":"Rabe-Menssen C, Dezer A, Maa\u00df E. (2021) DPtV_Report_Psychotherapie_2021. https:\/\/www.dptv.de\/im-fokus\/wissenschaft-und-forschung\/report-psychotherapie\/. Accessed 31 May 2023"},{"key":"2660_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2020.0412","volume":"117","author":"A Hasan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hasan A, Falkai P, Lehmann I et al (2020) Schizophrenia. Dtsch Arztebl Int 117:412\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2020.0412","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"2660_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199610000-00003","volume":"184","author":"MM Fichter","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fichter MM, Narrow WE, Roper MT et al (1996) Prevalence of mental illness in Germany and the United States. comparison of the upper bavarian study and the epidemiologic catchment area program. J Nerv Ment Dis 184:598\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005053-199610000-00003","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"2660_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S204579602000089X","volume":"29","author":"R Hildersley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hildersley R, Potts L, Anderson C et al (2020) Improvement for most, but not all: changes in newspaper coverage of mental illness from 2008 to 2019 in England. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 29:e177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S204579602000089X","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"2660_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-36629","volume":"30","author":"U Hoffmann-Richter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hoffmann-Richter U, Forrer F, Finzen A (2003) Die schizophrenie in der frankfurter allgemeinen zeitung\u2013ein lehrst\u00fcck (Schizophrenia in the German national paper frankfurter allgemeine zeitung\u2014a didactic play). Psychiatr Prax 30:4\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2003-36629","journal-title":"Psychiatr Prax"},{"key":"2660_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1502-0961","volume":"49","author":"M K\u00f6hnen","year":"2022","unstructured":"K\u00f6hnen M, Dreier M, Freuck J et al (2022) Akzeptanz und nutzung einer website mit gesundheitsinformationen zu psychischen erkrankungen\u2014www.psychenet.de (Acceptance and use of the e-mental health website\u2013www.psychenet.de). Psychiatr Prax 49:205\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1502-0961","journal-title":"Psychiatr Prax"},{"key":"2660_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.5771\/0010-3497-2020-3-324","volume":"53","author":"M Rosset","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rosset M, Freytag A, Dittrich A et al (2020) Psychische erkrankungen in medienberichten. Befunde Darstellung Wahrnehmung ComSoc 53:324\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5771\/0010-3497-2020-3-324","journal-title":"Befunde Darstellung Wahrnehmung ComSoc"},{"key":"2660_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-021-00870-1","volume":"58","author":"PW Corrigan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corrigan PW, Kundert C, Laique A (2022) The impact of contact and fame on changing the public stigma of mental illness. Community Ment Health J 58:673\u2013678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-021-00870-1","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"2660_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796022000488","volume":"31","author":"PC Gronholm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gronholm PC, Thornicroft G (2022) Impact of celebrity disclosure on mental health-related stigma. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 31:e62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S2045796022000488","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"2660_CR39","first-page":"299","volume":"9","author":"ES Bogardus","year":"1925","unstructured":"Bogardus ES (1925) Measuring social distance. J Appl Sociol 9:299\u2013308","journal-title":"J Appl Sociol"},{"key":"2660_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1086\/228672","volume":"92","author":"BG Link","year":"1987","unstructured":"Link BG, Cullen FT, Frank J et al (1987) The social rejection of former mental patients: understanding why labels matter. Am J Sociol 92:1461\u20131500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/228672","journal-title":"Am J Sociol"},{"key":"2660_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02193089","volume":"245","author":"MC Angermeyer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Angermeyer MC, Matschinger H (1995) Violent attacks on public figures by persons suffering from psychiatric disorders. Their effect on the social distance towards the mentally ill. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 245:159\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02193089","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2660_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02272-4","author":"G Schomerus","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schomerus G, Schindler S, Baumann E et al (2022) Changes in continuum beliefs for depression and schizophrenia in the general population 2011\u20132020: a widening gap. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02272-4","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2660_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.40202","volume":"4","author":"BA Pescosolido","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pescosolido BA, Halpern-Manners A, Luo L et al (2021) Trends in public stigma of mental illness in the US, 1996\u20132018. JAMA Netw Open 4:e2140202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.40202","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2660_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.085563","volume":"199","author":"MC Angermeyer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Angermeyer MC, Holzinger A, Carta MG et al (2011) Biogenetic explanations and public acceptance of mental illness: systematic review of population studies. Br J Psychiatry 199:367\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.085563","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2660_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.06.002","volume":"33","author":"EP Kvaale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kvaale EP, Haslam N, Gottdiener WH (2013) The \u201cside effects\u201d of medicalization: a meta-analytic review of how biogenetic explanations affect stigma. Clin Psychol Rev 33:782\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.06.002","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2660_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.017","volume":"96","author":"EP Kvaale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kvaale EP, Gottdiener WH, Haslam N (2013) Biogenetic explanations and stigma: a meta-analytic review of associations among laypeople. Soc Sci Med 96:95\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.017","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2660_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171300072X","volume":"44","author":"G Schomerus","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schomerus G, Matschinger H, Angermeyer MC (2014) Causal beliefs of the public and social acceptance of persons with mental illness: a comparative analysis of schizophrenia, depression and alcohol dependence. Psychol Med 44:303\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S003329171300072X","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2660_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721000854","volume":"51","author":"L-J Peter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peter L-J, Schindler S, Sander C et al (2021) Continuum beliefs and mental illness stigma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of correlation and intervention studies. Psychol Med 51:716\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291721000854","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2660_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.02.006","volume":"209","author":"G Schomerus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schomerus G, Matschinger H, Angermeyer MC (2013) Continuum beliefs and stigmatizing attitudes towards persons with schizophrenia, depression and alcohol dependence. Psychiatry Res 209:665\u2013669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.02.006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2660_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2013.02.002","volume":"28","author":"PA Melas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Melas PA, Tartani E, Forsner T et al (2013) Mental health literacy about depression and schizophrenia among adolescents in Sweden. Eur Psychiatry 28:404\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2013.02.002","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02660-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02660-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02660-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T09:04:18Z","timestamp":1728464658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02660-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02660-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"GS has received speakers\u2019 honoraria from Lundbeck. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The questionnaire and methodology for our study were approved by the institutional review board of Greifswald University Medical Centre (BB 195\/18).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the studies.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}