{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T05:14:08Z","timestamp":1780722848615,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005713","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To analyze whether sociodemographic characteristics influence the substance choice and preclinical and clinical course of suicidal poisoning.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This was a retrospective single-center study in patients hospitalized due to suicidal poisoning and who received at least one psychiatric exploration during their inpatient stay. Patients\u2019 sociodemographic, anamnestic, preclinical, and clinical parameters were analyzed with respect to sex and age.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>1090 patients were included, 727 (67%) were females, median age was 39 years (min\u2013max: 13\u201391) with 603 (55%) aged 18\u201344 years. 595 patients (54.8%) ingested a single substance for self-poisoning, 609 (59.5%) used their own long-term medication. Comparing to males, females preferred antidepressants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009223, 30.7%, vs\u00a0<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200985, 23.4%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013) and benzodiazepines (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009202, 27.8%, vs\u00a0<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200965, 17.9%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001); males more often used cardiovascular drugs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200933, 9.1%, vs\u00a0<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200934, 4.7%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005) and carbon monoxide (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918, 5.0%, vs\u00a0<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092, 0.3%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Use of Z-drugs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091, 1.7%, to <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200937, 33.3%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and benzodiazepines (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094, 6.9%, to <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200933, 29.7%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) increased with age (&lt;\u200918 to &gt;\u200964 years), while use of non-opioid analgesics (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200923, 39.7%, to <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920, 18.0%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) decreased. Average dose of substance in patients\u2009&gt;\u200964 years was 12.9\u2009\u00b1\u200918.4 times higher than recommended maximum daily dose (compared to 8.7\u2009\u00b1\u200915.2 higher in those aged\u2009&lt;\u200918 years; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Males more often required intensive care (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009150, 41.3%, vs\u00a0<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009205 females, 28.2%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results underline the complexity of (para-)suicidal poisonings and identify potential measures for their prevention, such as restricting access and better oversight over the use of certain substances.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-024-02750-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T21:01:47Z","timestamp":1727211707000},"page":"705-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical course and demographic insights into suicide by self-poisoning: patterns of substance use and socio-economic factors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Geith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Lumpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Schurr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Schmoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Rabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Stich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rentrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Eyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Zellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2750_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2007.065391","volume":"62","author":"A V\u00e4rnik","year":"2008","unstructured":"V\u00e4rnik A, van der K\u00f5lves K, Marusic A, Oskarsson H, Palmer A, Reisch T, Scheerder G, Arensman E, Aromaa E (2008) Suicide methods in Europe: a gender-specific analysis of countries participating in the European alliance against depression. J Epidemiol Commun Health 62(6):545\u2013551","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Commun Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2750_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.5.596","volume":"60","author":"U Hegerl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hegerl U, Wittenburg L (2009) Focus on mental health care reforms in Europe: the European alliance against depression: a multilevel approach to the prevention of suicidal behavior. Psychiatr Serv 60(5):596\u2013599","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"2750_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1398-8","volume":"17","author":"A Freeman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Freeman A, Mergl R, Kohls E, Sz\u00e9kely A, Gusmao R, Arensman E, Koburger N, Hegerl U, Rummel-Kluge C (2017) A cross-national study on gender differences in suicide intent. BMC Psychiatry 17(1):234","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2750_CR4","first-page":"157","volume":"312","author":"AE Czeizel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Czeizel AE (1994) Budapest registry of self-poisoned patients. Mutat Res\/Environ Mutag Relat Subj 312(2):157\u2013163","journal-title":"Mutat Res\/Environ Mutag Relat Subj"},{"issue":"6","key":"2750_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.3188","volume":"72","author":"Y Finkelstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Finkelstein Y, Macdonald EM, Hollands S, Sivilotti ML, Hutson JR, Mamdani MM, Koren G, Juurlink DN (2015) Risk of suicide following deliberate self-poisoning. JAMA Psychiatry 72(6):570\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.3188","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"S2","key":"2750_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.09.266","volume":"30","author":"B Rheinheimer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rheinheimer B, Kunz M, Nicolella A, Bastos T (2015) Trends in self-poisoning in children and adolescents in Southern Brazil between 2005 and 2013. Eur Psychiatry 30(S2):S136\u2013S136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.09.266","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2750_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e026001","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026001","volume":"9","author":"R Cairns","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cairns R, Karanges EA, Wong A, Brown JA, Robinson J, Pearson SA, Dawson AH, Buckley NA (2019) Trends in self-poisoning and psychotropic drug use in people aged 5\u201319 years: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Australia. BMJ Open 9(2):e026001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026001","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"2750_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2015-041901","volume":"22","author":"EG Tyrrell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tyrrell EG, Orton E, Tata LJ (2016) Changes in poisonings among adolescents in the UK between 1992 and 2012: a population based cohort study. Inj Prev 22(6):400\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/injuryprev-2015-041901","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2750_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3573","volume":"136","author":"GJ Cutler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cutler GJ, Flood A, Dreyfus J, Ortega HW, Kharbanda AB (2015) Emergency department visits for self-inflicted injuries in adolescents. Pediatrics 136(1):28\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2014-3573","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2750_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0270026","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270026","volume":"17","author":"ZA Kasemy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kasemy ZA, Sharif AF, Amin SA, Fayed MM, Desouky DE, Salama AA, Abo Shereda HM, Abdel-Aaty NB (2022) Trend and epidemiology of suicide attempts by self-poisoning among egyptians. PLoS ONE 17(6):e0270026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0270026","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"2750_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0190136","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190136","volume":"12","author":"E Paul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paul E, Mergl R, Hegerl U (2017) Has information on suicide methods provided via the internet negatively impacted suicide rates? PLoS ONE 12(12):e0190136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0190136","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"2750_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfad103","volume":"12","author":"AE Elhawary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elhawary AE, Lashin HI, Fnoon NF, Sagah GA (2023) Evaluation of the rate and pattern of suicide attempts and deaths by self-poisoning among egyptians before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Toxicol Res (Camb) 12(6):1113\u20131125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxres\/tfad103","journal-title":"Toxicol Res (Camb)"},{"issue":"16","key":"2750_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7216a3","volume":"72","author":"R Farah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farah R, Rege SV, Cole RJ, Holstege CP (2023) Suspected suicide attempts by self-poisoning among persons aged 10\u201319 years during the COVID-19 pandemic-United States, 2020\u20132022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 72(16):426\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7216a3","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"36","key":"2750_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1221","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.220507","volume":"195","author":"N Poonai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Poonai N, Freedman SB, Newton AS, Sawyer S, Gaucher N, Ali S, Wright B, Miller MR, Mater A, Fitzpatrick E, Jabbour M, Zemek R, Eltorki M, Doan Q (2023) Emergency department visits and hospital admissions for suicidal ideation, self-poisoning and self-harm among adolescents in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. CMAJ 195(36):E1221\u2013e1230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.220507","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"2750_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2024.2339433","volume":"78","author":"G Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh G, Hansen JP, Hulgaard D, Damkj\u00e6r M, Christiansen E (2024) Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on self-poisoning behaviour with mild analgesics in Danish youth. Nord J Psychiatry 78(5):431\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08039488.2024.2339433","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2750_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910.17.1.32","volume":"17","author":"U Bille-Brahe","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bille-Brahe U, Andersen K, Wasserman D, Schmidtke A, Bjerke T, Crepet P, De Leo D, Haring C, Hawton K, Kerkhof A (1996) The WHO-EURO multicentre study: risk of parasuicide and the comparability of the areas under study. Crisis 17(1):32\u201342","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2750_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1191\/096032701718890595","volume":"20","author":"AI Hatzitolios","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hatzitolios AI, Sion ML, Eleftheriadis NP, Toulis E, Efstratiadis G, Vartzopoulos D, Ziakas AG (2001) Parasuicidal poisoning treated in a Greek medical ward: epidemiology and clinical experience. Hum Exp Toxicol 20(12):611\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/096032701718890595","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2750_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-021-00513-8","volume":"16","author":"S Geith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Geith S, Didden C, Rabe C, Zellner T, Ott A, Eyer F (2022) Lessons to be learned: identifying high-risk medication and circumstances in patients at risk for suicidal self-poisoning. Int J Ment Health Syst 16(1):4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13033-021-00513-8","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"2750_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-015-0030-x","volume":"64","author":"M Sorge","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sorge M, Weidhase L, Bernhard M, Gries A, Petros S (2015) Self-poisoning in the acute care medicine 2005\u20132012. Anaesthesist 64(6):456\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00101-015-0030-x","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"issue":"1","key":"2750_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.8-1-37","volume":"8","author":"R Cook","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cook R, Allcock R, Johnston M (2008) Self-poisoning: current trends and practice in a U.K. teaching hospital. Clin Med (Lond) 8(1):37\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7861\/clinmedicine.8-1-37","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2750_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.2009.39.2.231","volume":"39","author":"M Ghazinour","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ghazinour M, Emami H, Richter J, Abdollahi M, Pazhumand A (2009) Age and gender differences in the use of various poisoning methods for deliberate parasuicide cases admitted to loghman hospital in Tehran (2000\u20132004). Suicide Life Threat Behav 39(2):231\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/suli.2009.39.2.231","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"2750_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2010.102616","volume":"28","author":"K Bilen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bilen K, Ottosson C, Castren M, Ponzer S, Ursing C, Ranta P, Ekdahl K, Pettersson H (2011) Deliberate self-harm patients in the emergency department: factors associated with repeated self-harm among 1524 patients. Emerg Med J 28(12):1019\u20131025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/emj.2010.102616","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2750_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1854-0","volume":"18","author":"J Salles","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salles J, Calonge J, Franchitto N, Bougon E, Schmitt L (2018) Factors associated with hospitalization after self-poisoning in France: special focus on the impact of alcohol use disorder. BMC Psychiatry 18(1):287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-018-1854-0","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"2750_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0276000","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276000","volume":"17","author":"S Geith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Geith S, Lumpe M, Schurr J, Rabe C, Ott A, Zellner T, Rentrop M, Eyer F (2022) Characteristics and predictive factors of severe or fatal suicide outcome in patients hospitalized due to deliberate self-poisoning. PLoS ONE 17(11):e0276000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0276000","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2750_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-022-00393-3","volume":"21","author":"M Lumpe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lumpe M, Schurr J, Rabe C, Ott A, Zellner T, Rentrop M, Eyer F, Geith S (2022) Socio-demographic and psychiatric profile of patients hospitalized due to self-poisoning with suicidal intention. Ann Gen Psychiatry 21(1):16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12991-022-00393-3","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2750_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.2007.37.3.248","volume":"37","author":"MM Silverman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silverman MM, Berman AL, Sanddal ND, O\u2019Carroll PW, Joiner TE (2007) Rebuilding the tower of Babel: a revised nomenclature for the study of suicide and suicidal behaviors. Part 1: background, rationale, and methodology. Suicide Life Threat Behav 37(3):248\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/suli.2007.37.3.248","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"key":"2750_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.08.050","volume":"188","author":"B Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim B, Ahn JH, Cha B, Chung YC, Ha TH, Hong Jeong S, Jung HY, Ju G, Kim EY, Kim JM, Kim MD, Kim MH, Kim SI, Lee KU, Lee SH, Lee SJ, Lee YJ, Moon E, Ahn YM (2015) Characteristics of methods of suicide attempts in Korea: Korea National suicide Survey (KNSS). J Affect Disord 188:218\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2015.08.050","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"2750_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2006.02.029","volume":"17","author":"V Novack","year":"2006","unstructured":"Novack V, Jotkowitz A, Delgado J, Novack L, Elbaz G, Shleyfer E, Barski L, Porath A (2006) General characteristics of hospitalized patients after deliberate self-poisoning and risk factors for intensive care admission. Eur J Intern Med 17(7):485\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2006.02.029","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2750_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2015.13.3.302","volume":"13","author":"J Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim J, Kim M, Kim YR, Choi KH, Lee KU (2015) High prevalence of psychotropics overdose among suicide attempters in Korea. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 13(3):302\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9758\/cpn.2015.13.3.302","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2750_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03458.x","volume":"68","author":"K Prescott","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prescott K, Stratton R, Freyer A, Hall I, Le Jeune I (2009) Detailed analyses of self-poisoning episodes presenting to a large regional teaching hospital in the UK. Br J Clin Pharmacol 68(2):260\u2013268","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2750_CR31","unstructured":"bpb (2020) Bundeszentrale fuer politische Bildung. Lizenz: cc by-nc-nd\/30\/de"},{"key":"2750_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"RKI (2015) Robert Koch-Institut, Gesundheit in Deutschland. Gesundheitsberichtserstattung des Bundes.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17886\/rkipubl-2015-003.\u00a0ISBN 978-3-89606-225-3","DOI":"10.17886\/rkipubl-2015-003"},{"issue":"1","key":"2750_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700020973","volume":"15","author":"S Platt","year":"1985","unstructured":"Platt S, Kreitman N (1985) Parasuicide and unemployment among men in Edinburgh 1968\u201382. Psychol Med 15(1):113\u2013123","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2750_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/s2215-0366(14)00118-7","volume":"2","author":"C Nordt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nordt C, Warnke I, Seifritz E, Kawohl W (2015) Modelling suicide and unemployment: a longitudinal analysis covering 63 countries, 2000-11. Lancet Psychiatry 2(3):239\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2215-0366(14)00118-7","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2750_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-0179-1-5","volume":"1","author":"MC Mauri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mauri MC, Cerveri G, Volonteri LS, Fiorentini A, Colasanti A, Manfre S, Borghini R, Pannacciulli E (2005) Parasuicide and drug self-poisoning: analysis of the epidemiological and clinical variables of the patients admitted to the Poisoning Treatment Centre (CAV), Niguarda General Hospital, Milan\u00a0 Clin Pract Epidemiol Mental Health (CP EMH) 1(1):5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1745-0179-1-5","journal-title":"Clin Pract Epidemiol Mental Health (CP EMH)"},{"issue":"9","key":"2750_CR36","first-page":"1042","volume":"64","author":"H Kara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kara H, Bayir A, Degirmenci S, Kayis SA, Akinci M, Ak A, Agacayak A, Azap M (2014) Causes of poisoning in patients evaluated in a hospital emergency department in Konya, Turkey. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc 64(9):1042\u20131048","journal-title":"JPMA J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"2750_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000545","volume-title":"Over-the-counter drugs and other substances used in attempted suicide presented to emergency departments in Montreal","author":"A Mikhail","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mikhail A, Tanoli O, Legare G, Dube PA, Habel Y, Lesage A, Low NCP, Lamarre S, Singh S, Rahme E (2018) Over-the-counter drugs and other substances used in attempted suicide presented to emergency departments in Montreal. Crisis, Canada. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000545"},{"issue":"6","key":"2750_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1989.tb136492.x","volume":"150","author":"J McGrath","year":"1989","unstructured":"McGrath J (1989) A survey of deliberate self-poisoning. Med J Aust 150(6):317\u2013324","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"4","key":"2750_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1995.tb126020.x","volume":"162","author":"NA Buckley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Buckley NA, Whyte IM, Dawson AH, McManus PR, Ferguson NW (1995) Self-poisoning in Newcastle, 1987\u20101992. Med J Aust 162(4):190\u2013193","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"6","key":"2750_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(00)00502-2","volume":"15","author":"C Kelly","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kelly C, Weir J, Rafferty T, Galloway R (2000) Deliberate self-poisoning presenting at a rural hospital in Northern Ireland 1976\u20131996: relationship to prescribing. Eur Psychiatry 15(6):348\u2013353","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2750_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2021.1921186","volume":"60","author":"F Noghrehchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Noghrehchi F, Dawson AH, Raubenheimer JE, Buckley NA (2021) Role of age-sex as underlying risk factors for death in acute pesticide self-poisoning: a prospective cohort study. Clin Toxicol 60(2):184\u2013190","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2750_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0156711","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156711","volume":"11","author":"N Vancayseele","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vancayseele N, Portzky G, van Heeringen K (2016) Increase in self-injury as a method of self-harm in Ghent, Belgium: 1987\u20132013. PLoS ONE 11(6):e0156711","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2750_CR43","first-page":"w13759","volume":"143","author":"F Muheim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muheim F, Eichhorn M, Berger P, Czernin S, Stoppe G, Keck M, Riecher-R\u00f6ssler A (2013) Suicide attempts in the county of Basel: results from the WHO\/EURO multicentre study on suicidal behaviour. Swiss Med Wkly 143:w13759","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"9","key":"2750_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2018.1554186","volume":"57","author":"BA Froberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Froberg BA, Morton SJ, Mowry JB, Rusyniak DE (2019) Temporal and geospatial trends of adolescent intentional overdoses with suspected suicidal intent reported to a state poison control center. Clin Toxicol 57(9):798\u2013805","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2750_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2016.303591","volume":"107","author":"JB Braden","year":"2017","unstructured":"Braden JB, Edlund MJ, Sullivan MD (2017) Suicide deaths with opioid poisoning in the United States: 1999\u20132014. Am J Public Health 107(3):421\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2016.303591","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2750_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2011-201033","volume":"30","author":"L Hendrix","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hendrix L, Verelst S, Desruelles D, Gillet J-B (2013) Deliberate self-poisoning: characteristics of patients and impact on the emergency department of a large university hospital. Emerg Med J 30(1):e9","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"987","key":"2750_CR47","first-page":"396","volume":"107","author":"A Hall","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hall A, Curry C (1994) Changing epidemiology and management of deliberate self poisoning in Christchurch. N Z Med J 107(987):396\u2013399","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2750_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1250-1","volume":"35","author":"L Schwake","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schwake L, Wollenschl\u00e4ger I, Stremmel W, Encke J (2009) Adverse drug reactions and deliberate self-poisoning as cause of admission to the intensive care unit: a 1-year prospective observational cohort study. Intensive Care Med 35(2):266\u2013274","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2750_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.07.020","volume":"58","author":"A Lahti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lahti A, Harju A, Hakko H, Riala K, Rasanen P (2014) Suicide in children and young adolescents: a 25-year database on suicides from Northern Finland. J Psychiatr Res 58:123\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.07.020","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"31\u201332","key":"2750_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2022.0244","volume":"119","author":"C Rauschert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rauschert C, M\u00f6ckl J, Seitz NN, Wilms N, Olderbak S, Kraus L (2022) The Use of Psychoactive substances in Germany: findings from the epidemiological survey of substance abuse 2021. Dtsch Arztebl Int 119(31\u201332):527\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.m2022.0244","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"2750_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00056","volume":"9","author":"Y Gvion","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gvion Y, Levi-Belz Y (2018) Serious suicide attempts: systematic review of psychological risk factors. Front Psychiatry 9:56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00056","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2750_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01788967","volume":"24","author":"PC Pan","year":"1989","unstructured":"Pan PC, Lieh-Mak F (1989) A comparison between male and female parasuicides in Hong Kong. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 24(5):253\u2013257","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2750_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060514562056","volume":"43","author":"S Oner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oner S, Yenilmez C, Ozdamar K (2015) Sex-related differences in methods of and reasons for suicide in Turkey between 1990 and 2010. J Int Med Res 43(4):483\u2013493","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2750_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3133","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721005195","volume":"53","author":"C Richardson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Richardson C, Robb KA, McManus S, O\u2019Connor RC (2023) Psychosocial factors that distinguish between men and women who have suicidal thoughts and attempt suicide: findings from a national probability sample of adults. Psychol Med 53(7):3133\u20133141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291721005195","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2750_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.11.1179","volume":"164","author":"DN Juurlink","year":"2004","unstructured":"Juurlink DN, Herrmann N, Szalai JP, Kopp A, Redelmeier DA (2004) Medical illness and the risk of suicide in the elderly. Arch Intern Med 164(11):1179\u20131184","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2750_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0129062","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129062","volume":"10","author":"R Mergl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mergl R, Koburger N, Heinrichs K, Sz\u00e9kely A, T\u00f3th MD, Coyne J, Quint\u00e3o S, Arensman E, Coffey C, Maxwell M (2015) What are reasons for the large gender differences in the lethality of suicidal acts? An epidemiological analysis in four European countries. PLoS ONE 10(7):e0129062","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2750_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.08.032","volume":"136","author":"A Cibis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cibis A, Mergl R, Bramesfeld A, Althaus D, Niklewski G, Schmidtke A, Hegerl U (2012) Preference of lethal methods is not the only cause for higher suicide rates in males. J Affect Disord 136(1\u20132):9\u201316","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02750-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02750-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02750-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T15:53:19Z","timestamp":1740757999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02750-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02750-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}