{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:56:37Z","timestamp":1780984597888,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008678","name":"Universit\u00e4t Leipzig","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008678","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in loneliness as well as mental health issues was detected. However, research on the association between loneliness and mental disorders is sparse. The aim of this study was to examine loneliness and associated social and emotional factors in patients with a psychiatric disorder and to investigate potential predictors of loneliness.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Participants were <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009230 patients currently receiving psychiatric treatment at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany. A cross-sectional survey included questionnaires on loneliness, life satisfaction, need to belong, interpersonal trust, stress, and resilience.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Most participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200991, 39.6%) suffered from depression, followed by anxiety disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200943, 18.7%). Significantly higher loneliness levels compared to norm samples were detected in all three loneliness questionnaires (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;.05), and overall <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009128 (57.7%) reported to feel lonely. In addition, participants reported lower life satisfaction, lower interpersonal trust, and lower resilience than the general population (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;.05). No significant differences in loneliness levels between different psychiatric diagnoses were revealed. It was found that lower satisfaction with life, lower interpersonal trust and lower resilience were significantly associated with higher loneliness (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;.05).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study underlines the importance to continue research on loneliness in people with mental disorders after the COVID-19 pandemic since the majority of patients reported to feel lonely. Further, tailored therapy-accompanying interventions to prevent loneliness in patients with a psychiatric disorder should be designed and evaluated to meet patients\u2019 diverse needs e.g., through online programs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>German Clinical Trial Registration: DRKS00023741 (registered on April 6, 2021).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-024-02808-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T13:19:17Z","timestamp":1734959957000},"page":"953-965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["\u201cLoneliness is killing me?!\u201d: the subjective emotional experience of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a cross-sectional study in patients with a psychiatric disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Mona","family":"Schenk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Baldofski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Urbansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Strau\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Kohls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Rummel-Kluge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2808_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization G (2021) Social isolation and loneliness among older people: advocacy brief"},{"key":"2808_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e067068","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-067068","volume":"376","author":"DL Surkalim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Surkalim DL, Luo M, Eres R et al (2022) The prevalence of loneliness across 113 countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 376:e067068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-067068","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2808_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1323-6","volume":"24","author":"M Berg-Weger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berg-Weger M, Morley JE (2020) Loneliness in Old Age: An Unaddressed Health Problem. J Nutr Health Aging 24:243\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-020-1323-6","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2808_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2010.546771","volume":"26","author":"C Segrin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Segrin C, Domschke T (2011) Social Support, Loneliness, Recuperative Processes, and Their Direct and Indirect Effects on Health. Health Commun 26:221\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10410236.2010.546771","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"key":"2808_CR5","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy","author":"LA Peplau","year":"1982","unstructured":"Peplau LA, Perlman D (1982) Perspectives on loneliness. In: Peplau LA, Perlman D (eds) Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy. Wiley, New York, pp 1\u201318"},{"key":"2808_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"RS Weiss","year":"1987","unstructured":"Weiss RS (1987) Reflections on the present state of loneliness research. J Soc Behav Personal 2:1\u201316","journal-title":"J Soc Behav Personal"},{"key":"2808_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/fare.12398","volume":"69","author":"A-E Salo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salo A-E, Junttila N, Vauras M (2020) Social and Emotional Loneliness: Longitudinal Stability, Interdependence, and Intergenerational Transmission Among Boys and Girls. Fam Relat 69:151\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/fare.12398","journal-title":"Fam Relat"},{"key":"2808_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2013.856863","volume":"18","author":"L Dahlberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dahlberg L, McKee KJ (2014) Correlates of social and emotional loneliness in older people: evidence from an English community study. Aging Ment Health 18:504\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607863.2013.856863","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"2808_CR9","unstructured":"Weiss RS (1973) Loneliness: The Experience of Emotional and Social Isolation"},{"key":"2808_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113117","volume":"290","author":"WDS Killgore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Killgore WDS, Cloonan SA, Taylor EC, Dailey NS (2020) Loneliness: A signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19. Psychiatry Res 290:113117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113117","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2808_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113390","volume":"293","author":"WDS Killgore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Killgore WDS, Cloonan SA, Taylor EC et al (2020) Trends in suicidal ideation over the first three months of COVID-19 lockdowns. Psychiatry Res 293:113390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113390","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2808_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2020.1836435","volume":"53","author":"VE Horigian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Horigian VE, Schmidt RD, Feaster DJ (2021) Loneliness, Mental Health, and Substance Use among US Young Adults during COVID-19. J Psychoact Drugs 53:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02791072.2020.1836435","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"key":"2808_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172000241X","volume":"52","author":"L Shanahan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shanahan L, Steinhoff A, Bechtiger L et al (2022) Emotional distress in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence of risk and resilience from a longitudinal cohort study. Psychol Med 52:824\u2013833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S003329172000241X","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2808_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-024-02617-1","volume":"59","author":"AP da Cunha Varella","year":"2024","unstructured":"da Cunha Varella AP, Griffin E, Khashan A, Kabir Z (2024) Suicide rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 59:1897\u20131905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02617-1","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2808_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0289136","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289136","volume":"18","author":"A Elsner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elsner A, Mergl R, Allgaier A-K, Hegerl U (2023) Suicide rates during and after the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany in 2020. PLoS ONE 18:e0289136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0289136","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2808_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Radeloff D, Papsdorf R, Uhlig K et al (2021) Trends in suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in a major German city. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S2045796021000019","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796021000019"},{"key":"2808_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcaa202","volume":"113","author":"L Sher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sher L (2020) The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates. QJM Int J Med 113:707\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hcaa202","journal-title":"QJM Int J Med"},{"key":"2808_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pirkis J, Gunnell D, Shin S et al (2022) Suicide numbers during the first 9\u201315 months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with pre-existing trends: An interrupted time series analysis in 33 countries. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101573. eClinicalMedicine 51:","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101573"},{"key":"2808_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115555","volume":"330","author":"D Radeloff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Radeloff D, Papsdorf R, White L, Genuneit J (2023) Suicide trends in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. Psychiatry Res 330:115555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115555","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2808_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.06.036","volume":"186","author":"F Bu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bu F, Steptoe A, Fancourt D (2020) Who is lonely in lockdown? Cross-cohort analyses of predictors of loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health 186:31\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.06.036","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"2808_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-020-00154-3","volume":"5","author":"B Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu B (2020) Social isolation and loneliness among older adults in the context of COVID-19: a global challenge. Glob Health Res Policy 5:27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41256-020-00154-3","journal-title":"Glob Health Res Policy"},{"key":"2808_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115327","volume":"326","author":"J Dom\u00e8nech-Abella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dom\u00e8nech-Abella J, Gabarrell-Pascuet A, Garc\u00eda-Mieres H et al (2023) Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health. Psychiatry Res 326:115327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115327","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2808_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohls E, Guenthner L, Baldofski S et al (2023) Two years COVID-19 pandemic: Development of university students\u2019 mental health 2020\u20132022. Front Psychiatry 14","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1122256"},{"key":"2808_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0236337","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236337","volume":"15","author":"T Elmer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elmer T, Mepham K, Stadtfeld C (2020) Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students\u2019 social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland. PLoS ONE 15:e0236337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0236337","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2808_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohls E, Baldofski S, Moeller R et al (2021) Mental Health, Social and Emotional Well-Being, and Perceived Burdens of University Students During COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Germany. Front Psychiatry 12","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.643957"},{"key":"2808_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/jad.12017","volume":"94","author":"S Houghton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Houghton S, Kyron M, Hunter SC et al (2022) Adolescents\u2019 longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID-19 school closures. J Adolesc 94:191\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jad.12017","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"2808_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoffart A, Johnson SU, Ebrahimi OV (2020) Loneliness and Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Risk Factors and Associations With Psychopathology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.589127. Front Psychiatry 11:","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.589127"},{"key":"2808_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0001005","volume":"77","author":"M Ernst","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ernst M, Niederer D, Werner AM et al (2022) Loneliness Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Am Psychol 77:660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/amp0001005","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"2808_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.06.036","volume":"275","author":"Y Palgi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palgi Y, Shrira A, Ring L et al (2020) The loneliness pandemic: Loneliness and other concomitants of depression, anxiety and their comorbidity during the COVID-19 outbreak. J Affect Disord 275:109\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.06.036","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2808_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.2011.613875","volume":"146","author":"CR Victor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Victor CR, Yang K (2012) The Prevalence of Loneliness Among Adults: A Case Study of the United Kingdom. J Psychol 146:85\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223980.2011.613875","journal-title":"J Psychol"},{"key":"2808_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2022.2087210","volume":"27","author":"DM Phillips","year":"2023","unstructured":"Phillips DM, Finkel D, Petkus AJ et al (2023) Longitudinal analyses indicate bidirectional associations between loneliness and health. Aging Ment Health 27:1217\u20131225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607863.2022.2087210","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"2808_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014400","volume":"28","author":"LC Hawkley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hawkley LC, Thisted RA, Cacioppo JT (2009) Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity: Cross-sectional & longitudinal analyses. Health Psychol 28:354\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0014400","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"2808_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1511085112","volume":"113","author":"YC Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang YC, Boen C, Gerken K et al (2016) Social relationships and physiological determinants of longevity across the human life span. Proc Natl Acad Sci 113:578\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1511085112","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2808_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9210-8","volume":"40","author":"LC Hawkley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hawkley LC, Cacioppo JT (2010) Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms. Ann Behav Med 40:218\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12160-010-9210-8","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"2808_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352","volume":"10","author":"J Holt-Lunstad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Baker M et al (2015) Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review. Perspect Psychol Sci 10:227\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745691614568352","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2808_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000316","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000316","volume":"7","author":"J Holt-Lunstad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Layton JB (2010) Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review. PLOS Med 7:e1000316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000316","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"2808_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.05.009","volume":"59","author":"ME Loades","year":"2020","unstructured":"Loades ME, Chatburn E, Higson-Sweeney N et al (2020) Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 59:1218\u20131239e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.05.009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2808_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-019-01778-8","volume":"55","author":"J Nuyen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nuyen J, Tuithof M, de Graaf R et al (2020) The bidirectional relationship between loneliness and common mental disorders in adults: findings from a longitudinal population-based cohort study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 55:1297\u20131310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-019-01778-8","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2808_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0754-3","volume":"49","author":"O S\u00fcndermann","year":"2014","unstructured":"S\u00fcndermann O, Onwumere J, Kane F et al (2014) Social networks and support in first-episode psychosis: exploring the role of loneliness and anxiety. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 49:359\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-013-0754-3","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2808_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01193.x","volume":"70","author":"M Eisemann","year":"1984","unstructured":"Eisemann M (1984) Contact difficulties and experience of loneliness in depressed patients and non-psychiatric controls. Acta Psychiatr Scand 70:160\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01193.x","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2808_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rokach A (2014) Loneliness of the Marginalized. Open J Depress 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/ojd.2014.34018","DOI":"10.4236\/ojd.2014.34018"},{"key":"2808_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017216","volume":"25","author":"JT Cacioppo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cacioppo JT, Hawkley LC, Thisted RA (2010) Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study. Psychol Aging 25:453\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0017216","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"key":"2808_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0515-8","volume":"48","author":"H Meltzer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meltzer H, Bebbington P, Dennis MS et al (2013) Feelings of loneliness among adults with mental disorder. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 48:5\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-012-0515-8","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2808_CR44","first-page":"227","volume":"16","author":"B Mijuskovic","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mijuskovic B (1986) Loneliness, anxiety, hostility, and communication. Child Study J 16:227\u2013240","journal-title":"Child Study J"},{"key":"2808_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.02.054","volume":"197","author":"A Stickley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stickley A, Koyanagi A (2016) Loneliness, common mental disorders and suicidal behavior: Findings from a general population survey. J Affect Disord 197:81\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2016.02.054","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2808_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02665-2","volume":"20","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Lloyd-Evans B, Marston L et al (2020) Loneliness as a predictor of outcomes in mental disorders among people who have experienced a mental health crisis: a 4-month prospective study. BMC Psychiatry 20:249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-020-02665-2","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2808_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02818-3","volume":"20","author":"L Achterbergh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Achterbergh L, Pitman A, Birken M et al (2020) The experience of loneliness among young people with depression: a qualitative meta-synthesis of the literature. BMC Psychiatry 20:415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-020-02818-3","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2808_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714003158","volume":"45","author":"S Farrelly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Farrelly S, Jeffery D, R\u00fcsch N et al (2015) The link between mental health-related discrimination and suicidality: service user perspectives. Psychol Med 45:2013\u20132022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291714003158","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2808_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12399","volume":"56","author":"T Yildirim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yildirim T, Kavak Budak F (2020) The relationship between internalized stigma and loneliness in patients with schizophrenia. Perspect Psychiatr Care 56:168\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppc.12399","journal-title":"Perspect Psychiatr Care"},{"key":"2808_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.2001.tb00037.x","volume":"8","author":"R Goodwin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Goodwin R, Cook O, Yung Y (2001) Loneliness and life satisfaction among three cultural groups. Pers Relatsh 8:225\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-6811.2001.tb00037.x","journal-title":"Pers Relatsh"},{"key":"2808_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.1994.13.2.152","volume":"13","author":"KJ Rotenberg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rotenberg KJ (1994) Loneliness and Interpersonal Trust. J Soc Clin Psychol 13:152\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/jscp.1994.13.2.152","journal-title":"J Soc Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2808_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.03.020","volume":"45","author":"D Mellor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mellor D, Stokes M, Firth L et al (2008) Need for belonging, relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Personal Individ Differ 45:213\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2008.03.020","journal-title":"Personal Individ Differ"},{"key":"2808_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7312","volume":"28","author":"N Xia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xia N, Li H (2018) Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Cardiovascular Health. Antioxid Redox Signal 28:837\u2013851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2017.7312","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"2808_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.01232","volume":"12","author":"JT Cacioppo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cacioppo JT, Hawkley LC, Berntson GG (2003) The Anatomy of Loneliness. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 12:71\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8721.01232","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2808_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v89i2.7404","volume":"89","author":"J Yanguas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yanguas J, Pinazo-Henandis S, Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ (2018) The complexity of loneliness. Acta Biomed Atenei Parm 89:302\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23750\/abm.v89i2.7404","journal-title":"Acta Biomed Atenei Parm"},{"key":"2808_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-015-0395-9","volume":"45","author":"C-YS Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee C-YS, Goldstein SE (2016) Loneliness, Stress, and Social Support in Young Adulthood: Does the Source of Support Matter? J Youth Adolesc 45:568\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-015-0395-9","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"2808_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371105600504","volume":"56","author":"H Herrman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Herrman H, Stewart DE, Diaz-Granados N et al (2011) What is Resilience? Can J Psychiatry 56:258\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674371105600504","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2808_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2014.05.004","volume":"28","author":"JL Perron","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perron JL, Cleverley K, Kidd SA (2014) Resilience, Loneliness, and Psychological Distress Among Homeless Youth. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 28:226\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2014.05.004","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"key":"2808_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-020-00493-3","volume":"8","author":"IS Jakobsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jakobsen IS, Madsen LMR, Mau M et al (2020) The relationship between resilience and loneliness elucidated by a Danish version of the resilience scale for adults. BMC Psychol 8:131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-020-00493-3","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"2808_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerino E, Roll\u00e8 L, Sechi C, Brustia P (2017) Loneliness, Resilience, Mental Health, and Quality of Life in Old Age: A Structural Equation Model. Front Psychol 8","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02003"},{"key":"2808_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.39.3.472","volume":"39","author":"D Russell","year":"1980","unstructured":"Russell D, Peplau LA, Cutrona CE (1980) The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol 39:472\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.39.3.472","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"2808_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2014.05.002","volume":"18","author":"L Deckx","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deckx L, Van Den Akker M, Buntinx F (2014) Risk factors for loneliness in patients with cancer: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Eur J Oncol Nurs 18:466\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejon.2014.05.002","journal-title":"Eur J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"2808_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574","volume":"26","author":"ME Hughes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hughes ME, Waite LJ, Hawkley LC, Cacioppo JT (2004) A Short Scale for Measuring Loneliness in Large Surveys: Results From Two Population-Based Studies. Res Aging 26:655\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0164027504268574","journal-title":"Res Aging"},{"key":"2808_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4203_11","volume":"42","author":"D Russell","year":"1978","unstructured":"Russell D, Peplau LA, Ferguson ML (1978) Developing a Measure of Loneliness. J Pers Assess 42:290\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327752jpa4203_11","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"2808_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5797","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219686110","volume":"110","author":"A Steptoe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Steptoe A, Shankar A, Demakakos P, Wardle J (2013) Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110:5797\u20135801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1219686110","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2808_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu067","volume":"43","author":"A Sonnega","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sonnega A, Faul JD, Ofstedal MB et al (2014) Cohort Profile: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Int J Epidemiol 43:576\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyu067","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2808_CR67","unstructured":"De Jong-Gierveld J, Van Tilburg TG (1999) Manual of the Loneliness Scale. Methoden en technieken"},{"key":"2808_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor\/3.1.69","volume":"3","author":"T van Tilburg","year":"1991","unstructured":"van Tilburg T, de leeuw E (1991) Stability of scale quality under various data collection procedures: A mode comparison on the \u2019de jong-gierveld loneliness scale. Int J Public Opin Res - INT J PUBLIC OPIN RES 3:69\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijpor\/3.1.69","journal-title":"Int J Public Opin Res - INT J PUBLIC OPIN RES"},{"key":"2808_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","volume":"49","author":"E Diener","year":"1985","unstructured":"Diener E, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S (1985) The Satisfaction With Life Scale. J Pers Assess 49:71\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"2808_CR70","unstructured":"NovoPsych (ed) (2021) https:\/\/novopsych.com.au\/assessments\/well-being\/satisfaction-with-life-scale-swls\/. Accessed 3 Jun 2023"},{"key":"2808_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2013.819511","volume":"95","author":"MR Leary","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leary MR, Kelly KM, Cottrell CA, Schreindorfer LS (2013) Construct Validity of the Need to Belong Scale: Mapping the Nomological Network. J Pers Assess 95:610\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891.2013.819511","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"2808_CR72","unstructured":"Beierlein C, Kemper CJ, Kovaleva A, Rammstedt B (2012) Kurzskala zur Messung des zwischenmenschlichen Vertrauens: die Kurzskala Interpersonales Vertrauen (KUSIV3). GESIS-Work Pap"},{"key":"2808_CR73","unstructured":"Satow L (2012) Stress- und Coping-Inventar (SCI): Test- und Skalendokumentation. Online im Internet: URL: http:\/\/www.drsatow.de"},{"key":"2808_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/10705500802222972","volume":"15","author":"BW Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith BW, Dalen J, Wiggins K et al (2008) The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. Int J Behav Med 15:194\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705500802222972","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"2808_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith B, Epstein E, Ortiz J et al (2013) The Foundation of Resilience. What Are the Critical Resources For Bouncing Back From Stress?, pp 167\u2013187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4939-3_13"},{"key":"2808_CR76","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. L. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, N.J","edition":"2"},{"key":"2808_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2434","volume":"27","author":"V Jovanovi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jovanovi\u0107 V, Lazi\u0107 M, Gavrilov-Jerkovi\u0107 V (2020) Measuring life satisfaction among psychiatric patients: Measurement invariance and validity of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Clin Psychol Psychother 27:378\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2434","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"2808_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s40894-020-00141-2","volume":"6","author":"A Clarke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clarke A, Meredith PJ, Rose TA (2021) Interpersonal Trust Reported by Adolescents Living with Mental Illness: A Scoping Review. Adolesc Res Rev 6:165\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40894-020-00141-2","journal-title":"Adolesc Res Rev"},{"key":"2808_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr359","volume":"135","author":"A-KJ Fett","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fett A-KJ, Shergill SS, Joyce DW et al (2012) To trust or not to trust: the dynamics of social interaction in psychosis. Brain 135:976\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awr359","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2808_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-011-9266-1","volume":"34","author":"JAA Lavoie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lavoie JAA, Douglas KS (2012) The Perceived Stress Scale: Evaluating configural, metric and scalar invariance across mental health status and gender. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 34:48\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-011-9266-1","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"key":"2808_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12727","volume":"29","author":"K Alasmawi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alasmawi K, Mann F, Lewis G et al (2020) To what extent does severity of loneliness vary among different mental health diagnostic groups: A cross-sectional study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 29:921\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inm.12727","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"2808_CR82","unstructured":"Pakdaman S, Saadat SH, Shahyad S et al (2016) The Role of Attachment Styles and Resilience on Loneliness"},{"key":"2808_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113267","volume":"291","author":"LZ Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li LZ, Wang S (2020) Prevalence and predictors of general psychiatric disorders and loneliness during COVID-19 in the United Kingdom. Psychiatry Res 291:113267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113267","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2808_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1126\/science.847460","volume":"196","author":"GL Engel","year":"1977","unstructured":"Engel GL (1977) The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine. Science 196:129\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.847460","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2808_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.09.040","volume":"319","author":"E Oli\u00e9","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oli\u00e9 E, Dubois J, Benramdane M et al (2022) Poor mental health is associated with loneliness and boredom during Covid-19-related restriction periods in patients with pre-existing depression. J Affect Disord 319:446\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.09.040","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2808_CR86","unstructured":"Loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic A systematic review with meta-analysis. https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2022-59604-001.html. Accessed 17 Jun 2023"},{"key":"2808_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9675","volume":"21","author":"K Tsamakis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsamakis K, Tsiptsios D, Ouranidis A et al (2021) COVID\u201319 and its consequences on mental health (Review). Exp Ther Med 21:1\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2021.9675","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"2808_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010014","volume":"18","author":"T Lemenager","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lemenager T, Neissner M, Koopmann A et al (2021) COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions and Online Media Consumption in Germany. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18010014","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2808_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2021.1875413","volume":"30","author":"A\u00d8 Geirdal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Geirdal A\u00d8, Ruffolo M, Leung J et al (2021) Mental health, quality of life, wellbeing, loneliness and use of social media in a time of social distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-country comparative study. J Ment Health 30:148\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638237.2021.1875413","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"key":"2808_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boursier V, Gioia F, Musetti A, Schimmenti A (2020) Facing Loneliness and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Isolation: The Role of Excessive Social Media Use in a Sample of Italian Adults. Front Psychiatry 11","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.586222"},{"key":"2808_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721410377597","volume":"19","author":"JM Hooley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hooley JM (2010) Social Factors in Schizophrenia. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 19:238\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0963721410377597","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2808_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5206","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24612-3_1922","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences","author":"M Schmitt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schmitt M, Blum GS (2020) State\/Trait Interactions. In: Zeigler-Hill V, Shackelford TK (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 5206\u20135209"},{"key":"2808_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12367","volume":"26","author":"C Gardiner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gardiner C, Geldenhuys G, Gott M (2018) Interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness among older people: an integrative review. Health Soc Care Community 26:147\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hsc.12367","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"key":"2808_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-019-01681-2","volume":"55","author":"MH Lim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim MH, Gleeson JFM, Rodebaugh TL et al (2020) A pilot digital intervention targeting loneliness in young people with psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 55:877\u2013889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-019-01681-2","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2808_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12508","volume":"26","author":"M Piat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Piat M, Sabetti J, Padgett D (2018) Supported housing for adults with psychiatric disabilities: How tenants confront the problem of loneliness. Health Soc Care Community 26:191\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hsc.12508","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02808-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02808-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02808-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T15:28:09Z","timestamp":1745594889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02808-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02808-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Medical Faculty of Leipzig University by October 6, 2020 (393\/20-ek). It was performed in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. The study was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register by April 6, 2021 under number DRKS00023741.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Patients\u2019 written informed consent was obtained before participation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"MStr has received speaker\u2019s fees from MEDICE Arzneimittel P\u00fctter GmbH & Co. KG, Takeda and Janssen and was an advisory board member for Takeda outside and independent of the submitted work. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}