{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:44:33Z","timestamp":1793234673427,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a possible pathway through which poor family finances influences adolescents\u2019 behavioral and mental health problems. However, the interrelationship between family finances, ACEs, and behavioral and mental health outcomes in adolescence has received little attention. We aimed to (1) document exposure to family-based ACEs by perceived family finances (PFF), (2) examine how PFF relates to cumulative and pattern-based approaches to ACEs, and (3) assess the direct and interactive associations between PFF and ACEs in relation with behavioral and mental health problems.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Data stem from the 2017\u20132019 nationwide Ungdata surveys of adolescents aged 13\u201315 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912,560). Family-based ACEs were measured by 6 items covering parental alcohol use and intoxication, and intra-familial violence and fighting. The family-based ACEs were used both as a cumulative index score and examined through latent class analysis (LCA) to identify patterns of exposures. Cluster robust linear regression analyses were used to examine additive and interactive associations between PFF, family-based ACEs, and behavioral and depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Poor (compared to <jats:italic>not poor<\/jats:italic>) PFF was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms and behavioral problems. Cumulative and pattern based approaches to family-based ACEs partially and similarly attenuated the association between PFF and mental health outcomes. Mainly, however, PFF and family-based ACEs were independently associated with mental health outcomes and did not interact.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Poor family finances and family-based ACEs co-occur, and both have strong associations with depressive symptoms and behavioral problems in adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-025-02824-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T11:38:39Z","timestamp":1738928319000},"page":"1707-1719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Poor family finances, family-based adverse childhood experiences, and depressive and behavioral symptoms in adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3179-1277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sondre Aasen","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1773-716X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca Lynn","family":"Radlick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2031-1052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin G\u00e4rtner","family":"Askeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2824_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033716","volume":"33","author":"EC Quon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Quon EC, McGrath JJ (2014) Subjective socioeconomic status and adolescent health: a Meta-analysis. Health Psychol 33:433\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0033716","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"2824_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0462-9","volume":"47","author":"T B\u00f8e","year":"2012","unstructured":"B\u00f8e T, \u00d8verland S, Lundervold AJ, Hysing M (2012) Socioeconomic status and children\u2019s mental health: results from the Bergen Child Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 47:1557\u20131566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-011-0462-9","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2824_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","volume":"14","author":"VJ Felitti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D et al (1998) Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. Am J Prev Med 14:245\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2824_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2017.12.008","volume":"28","author":"M Boullier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boullier M, Blair M (2018) Adverse childhood experiences. Paediatrics Child Health 28:132\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paed.2017.12.008","journal-title":"Paediatrics Child Health"},{"key":"2824_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2016.10.021","volume":"72","author":"M Metzler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Metzler M, Merrick MT, Klevens J et al (2017) Adverse childhood experiences and life opportunities: shifting the narrative. Child Youth Serv Rev 72:141\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2016.10.021","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"2824_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-018-0230-z","volume":"12","author":"KW Liming","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liming KW (2019) Examining the differing effects of economic hardship and poor maternal wellbeing on cumulative exposure to adverse childhood experiences. J Child Adolesc Trauma 12:307\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40653-018-0230-z","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Trauma"},{"key":"2824_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2019-212738","volume":"73","author":"D Walsh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Walsh D, McCartney G, Smith M, Armour G (2019) Relationship between childhood socioeconomic position and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs): a systematic review. J Epidemiol Community Health 73:1087\u20131093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2019-212738","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2824_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104127","volume":"97","author":"K Petruccelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Petruccelli K, Davis J, Berman T (2019) Adverse childhood experiences and associated health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse Negl 97:104127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104127","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"2824_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sahle BW, Reavley NJ, Li W et al (2021) The association between adverse childhood experiences and common mental disorders and suicidality: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-021-01745-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01745-2"},{"key":"2824_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dan\u00edelsd\u00f3ttir HB, Aspelund T, Shen Q et al (2024) Adverse childhood experiences and adult mental health outcomes. JAMA Psychiatry 81:586\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.0039","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.0039"},{"key":"2824_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13135","volume":"61","author":"RE Lacey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lacey RE, Minnis H (2020) Practitioner review: twenty years of research with adverse childhood experience scores\u2013advantages, disadvantages and applications to practice. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 61:116\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13135","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2824_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roesch SC, Villodas M, Villodas F (2010) Latent class\/profile analysis in maltreatment research: a commentary on Nooner et al., Pears et al., and looking beyond. Child Abuse Neglect 34:155\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2010.01.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2010.01.003"},{"key":"2824_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231192922","volume-title":"A scoping review on adverse childhood experiences studies using latent class analysis: strengths and challenges","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Jiang L, Barry L et al (2023) A scoping review on adverse childhood experiences studies using latent class analysis: strengths and challenges. Trauma Violence Abuse 25:1695\u20131708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380231192922"},{"key":"2824_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106039","volume":"134","author":"H Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee H, Kim Y, Terry J (2020) Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mental disorders in young adulthood: latent classes and community violence exposure. Prev Med 134:106039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106039","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2824_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e262","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30094-X","volume":"3","author":"DC Taylor-Robinson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor-Robinson DC, Straatmann VS, Whitehead M (2018) Adverse childhood experiences or adverse childhood socioeconomic conditions? Lancet Public Health 3:e262\u2013e263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30094-X","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2824_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1425.006","volume":"1136","author":"E Dearing","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dearing E (2008) Psychological costs of growing up poor. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1136:324\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1425.006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2824_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031808","volume":"139","author":"GW Evans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Evans GW, Li D, Whipple SS (2013) Cumulative risk and child development. Psychol Bull 139:1342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0031808","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2824_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0229183","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229183","volume":"15","author":"SA Nilsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nilsen SA, Breivik K, Wold B et al (2020) Divorce and adolescent academic achievement: heterogeneity in the associations by parental education. PLoS ONE 15:e0229183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0229183","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2824_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1177\/088626052093509","volume":"37","author":"RE Lacey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lacey RE, Howe LD, Kelly-Irving M et al (2022) The clustering of adverse childhood experiences in the Avon Longitudinal Study of parents and children: are gender and poverty important? J Interpers Violence 37:2218\u20132241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/088626052093509","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"2824_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1451-4","volume":"53","author":"T B\u00f8e","year":"2018","unstructured":"B\u00f8e T, Serlachius AS, Sivertsen B et al (2018) Cumulative effects of negative life events and family stress on children\u2019s mental health: the Bergen Child Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 53:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-017-1451-4","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2824_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105493","volume":"125","author":"AS Anderson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anderson AS, Siciliano RE, Henry LM et al (2022) Adverse childhood experiences, parenting, and socioeconomic status: associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescence. Child Abuse Negl 125:105493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105493","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"2824_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Potrebny T, Nilsen SA, Bakken A et al (2024) Secular trends in mental health problems among young people in Norway: a review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-024-02371-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-024-02371-4"},{"key":"2824_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0248864","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248864","volume":"16","author":"T B\u00f8e","year":"2021","unstructured":"B\u00f8e T, Heiervang ER, Stormark KM et al (2021) Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Norwegian 10-14-year-olds: results from a cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 16:e0248864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248864","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2824_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01882.x","volume":"49","author":"E Heiervang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Heiervang E, Goodman A, Goodman R (2008) The nordic advantage in child mental health: separating health differences from reporting style in a cross-cultural comparison of psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 49:678\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01882.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2824_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-017-2367-z","volume":"22","author":"L Kasehagen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kasehagen L, Omland L, Bailey M et al (2018) Relationship of adverse family experiences to resilience and school engagement among Vermont youth. Matern Child Health J 22:298\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-017-2367-z","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"2824_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.08.037","volume":"76","author":"M Forster","year":"2018","unstructured":"Forster M, Grigsby TJ, Rogers CJ, Benjamin SM (2018) The relationship between family-based adverse childhood experiences and substance use behaviors among a diverse sample of college students. Addict Behav 76:298\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.08.037","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2824_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"NOVA, Bakken A (2024). Ungdata 2010-2023 (Versjon 1) [Datasett]. Sikt - Kunnskapssektorens tjenesteleverand\u00f8r. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18712\/NSD-NSD3157-V1","DOI":"10.18712\/NSD-NSD3157-V1"},{"key":"2824_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290100065011","volume":"39","author":"DB Kandel","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kandel DB, Davies M (1982) Epidemiology of depressive mood in adolescents: an empirical study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39:1205\u20131212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290100065011","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2824_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bs.3830190102","volume":"19","author":"LR Derogatis","year":"1974","unstructured":"Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Rickels K et al (1974) The hopkins symptom checklist (HSCL): a self-report symptom inventory. Behav Sci 19:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bs.3830190102","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"key":"2824_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nilsen SA, Stormark KM, Bang L et al (2024) Time trends in adolescent depressive symptoms from 2010 to 2019 in Norway: real increase or artifacts of measurements? Psychol Med 54:3949\u20133961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291724002447","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724002447"},{"key":"2824_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.99.1.86","volume":"99","author":"M Windle","year":"1990","unstructured":"Windle M (1990) A longitudinal study of antisocial behaviors in early adolescence as predictors of late adolescent substance use: gender and ethnic group differences. J Abnorm Psychol 99:86\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-843X.99.1.86","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"2824_CR32","unstructured":"Fr\u00f8yland LR, Sletten MA (2012) Mindre problematferd for de fleste, st\u00f8rre problemer for de f\u00e5? En studie av tidstrender i problematferd: 1992, 2002 og 2010. Tidsskrift for Ungdomsforskning 12(2). https:\/\/journals.oslomet.no\/index.php\/ungdomsforskning\/article\/view\/1021"},{"key":"2824_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heradstveit O, Nilsen SA, Breivik K et al (2022) Psychometric properties of a short self-report measure of rule-breaking behaviour among adolescents: findings from the Ungdata survey. Scand J Public Health 51:1205\u20131213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14034948221104650","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948221104650"},{"key":"2824_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i10","volume":"42","author":"DA Linzer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Linzer DA, Lewis JB (2011) poLCA: an R package for polytomous variable latent class analysis. J Stat Softw 42:1\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v042.i10","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2824_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbz016","volume":"21","author":"JJ Dziak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dziak JJ, Coffman DL, Lanza ST et al (2020) Sensitivity and specificity of information criteria. Brief Bioinform 21:553\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbz016","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2824_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nylund KL, Asparouhov T, Muth\u00e9n BO (2007) Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Model Multidis J 14:535\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705510701575396","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396"},{"key":"2824_CR37","unstructured":"Vermunt JK, Magidson J (2005) Latent GOLD 4.0 user\u2019s guide. Statistical Innovations Inc. https:\/\/pure.uvt.nl\/ws\/portalfiles\/portal\/673396\/fullmanual.pdf"},{"key":"2824_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nylund-Gibson K, Grimm RP, Masyn KE (2019) Prediction from latent classes: A demonstration of different approaches to include distal outcomes in mixture models. Struct Equat Model Multidis J 26:967\u2013985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705511.2019.1590146","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2019.1590146"},{"key":"2824_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","volume":"4","author":"H Wickham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wickham H, Averick M, Bryan J et al (2019) Welcome to the tidyverse. J Open Source Softw 4:1686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21105\/joss.01686","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"2824_CR40","unstructured":"Blair G, Cooper J, Coppock A et al (2025) Estimatr: fast estimators for design-based inference. https:\/\/github.com\/declaredesign\/estimatr"},{"key":"2824_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00772","volume":"3","author":"D L\u00fcdecke","year":"2018","unstructured":"L\u00fcdecke D (2018) Ggeffects: tidy data frames of marginal effects from Regression models. J Open Source Softw 3:772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21105\/joss.00772","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"2824_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2","volume-title":"Modern Applied statistics with S, Fourth","author":"WN Venables","year":"2002","unstructured":"Venables WN, Ripley BD (2002) Modern applied statistics with S, 4th edn. Springer, New York"},{"key":"2824_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.04.026","volume":"90","author":"F Reiss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reiss F (2013) Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med 90:24\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.04.026","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2824_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10834-017-9553-4","volume":"39","author":"T B\u00f8e","year":"2018","unstructured":"B\u00f8e T, Dearing E, Stormark KM, Zachrisson HD (2018) Subjective economic status in adolescence: determinants and associations with mental health in the Norwegian Youth@Hordaland study. J Fam Econ Iss 39:323\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10834-017-9553-4","journal-title":"J Fam Econ Iss"},{"key":"2824_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000551","volume":"55","author":"JG Rivenbark","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rivenbark JG, Copeland WE, Davisson EK et al (2019) Perceived social status and mental health among young adolescents: evidence from census data to cellphones. Dev Psychol 55:574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/dev0000551","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"2824_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.07.020","volume":"87","author":"AN Merians","year":"2019","unstructured":"Merians AN, Baker MR, Frazier P, Lust K (2019) Outcomes related to adverse childhood experiences in college students: comparing latent class analysis and cumulative risk. Child Abuse Negl 87:51\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.07.020","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"2824_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-015-1024-3","volume":"50","author":"CE Cavanaugh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cavanaugh CE, Petras H, Martins SS (2015) Gender-specific profiles of adverse childhood experiences, past year mental and substance use disorders, and their associations among a national sample of adults in the United States. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 50:1257\u20131266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-015-1024-3","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2824_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.05.008","volume":"13","author":"AS Masarik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masarik AS, Conger RD (2017) Stress and child development: a review of the family stress model. Curr Opin Psychol 13:85\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.05.008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"key":"2824_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy167","volume":"48","author":"F Diderichsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Diderichsen F, Hallqvist J, Whitehead M (2019) Differential vulnerability and susceptibility: how to make use of recent development in our understanding of mediation and interaction to tackle health inequalities. Int J Epidemiol 48:268\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyy167","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2824_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/10502556.2017.1402655","volume":"59","author":"SA Nilsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nilsen SA, Breivik K, Wold B, B\u00f8e T (2018) Divorce and family structure in Norway: associations with adolescent mental health. J Divorce Remarriage 59:175\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10502556.2017.1402655","journal-title":"J Divorce Remarriage"},{"key":"2824_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/0145935X.2021.1997584","volume":"44","author":"O Heradstveit","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heradstveit O, Haugland BSM, Nilsen SA et al (2023) Parental Mental illness as a risk factor for Adolescent Psychiatric disorders: a Registry-Based Study of Specialized Child and Adolescent Health Services. Child Youth Serv 44:48\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0145935X.2021.1997584","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv"},{"key":"2824_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.48.6.476","volume":"48","author":"C Barkmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barkmann C, Romer G, Watson M, Schulte-Markwort M (2007) Parental physical illness as a risk for psychosocial maladjustment in children and adolescents: epidemiological findings from a national survey in Germany. Psychosomatics 48:476\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.psy.48.6.476","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"2824_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827611410266","volume":"5","author":"RT Leeb","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leeb RT, Lewis T, Zolotor AJ (2011) A review of physical and mental health consequences of child abuse and neglect and implications for practice. Am J Lifestyle Med 5:454\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1559827611410266","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-025-02824-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-025-02824-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-025-02824-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T09:06:17Z","timestamp":1752138377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-025-02824-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-025-02824-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing or conflicting interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}