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At the same time, they have less access to services and their health needs remain poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the specific needs of refugees as compared to German-born individuals seeking help for substance use disorders.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conducted an observational case\u2013control study using all treatment episodes in outpatient addiction facilities in three German federal states during the year 2020. A total of 719 refugee clients were matched to 713 German-born individuals using propensity score matching. We compared potential needs related to features of substance use as well as different psychosocial areas.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The final sample of refugees was composed of n\u2009=\u2009384 (26.8%) cases from Afghanistan, n\u2009=\u2009214 (14.9%) from Syria and n\u2009=\u2009121 (8.4%) from Iraq. Clients consulted mostly due to cannabis use (44.8%) or opioid use (20.1%). Intravenous use of drugs and needle sharing was significantly lower in refugees (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). A higher proportion of refugees than Germans lived in provisional housing, were unemployed or in charge of minor children (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Mental and physical comorbidities were significantly higher in refugees (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). They were also more likely to have been victims of violence and less likely to present violent behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Refugees with substance use disorders differ regarding a spectrum of psychosocial issues from German-born individuals. This highlights the need to link addiction treatment with other parts of the health care and psychosocial support systems to provide adequate care for this group.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-025-02842-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T06:31:40Z","timestamp":1740465100000},"page":"1563-1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Special needs of refugees with substance use disorders from conflict-affected countries: a comparison with German-born individuals"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Mayte","family":"L\u00f3pez-Atanes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Rosenkranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leire","family":"Erkoreka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Recio-Barbero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melav","family":"Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Hiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Penka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"Lindert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2842_CR1","unstructured":"Annual asylum statistics [Internet]. 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