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From 12,732 eligible adolescents at age 11 (interviewed January 2012 to February 2013), 8,913 participants (52% female, 18% non-White) had complete data on exposure and outcome, thus included in the analytic sample. Sex-stratified analyses were performed, as well as secondary outcome analyses for internalizing\/externalizing problems, and a latent variable of \u2018psychiatric problems\u2019 (depression\/anxiety diagnosis, self-harm, suicidality).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were significant indirect paths through distrust (standardized\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$\\:\\alpha\\:\\beta\\:=0.004,\\:p=.02$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      ), later time-to-sleep (\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$\\:0.010,\\:p&lt;.001$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      ), and negative self-perception (\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$\\:0.012,\\:p&lt;.001$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      ) after adjustments. The path through distrust was significant for females but not for males, whereas the two other indirect paths were significant for both males and females (this also held true for internalizing, externalizing, and psychiatric problems). Use of self-report measures and a lack of detailed information on the nature of SMU limit these findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social media use is prospectively associated with psychiatric symptoms in adolescence to the extent that it fosters interpersonal distrust, delays bedtime, and degrades self-image, especially for females. Interventions aimed at promoting trust and belonging, good sleep hygiene, and positive self-image, should be considered from a public health perspective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-025-02999-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T19:39:30Z","timestamp":1759174770000},"page":"1387-1399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adolescent social media use and psychiatric outcomes: a longitudinal mediation analysis via interpersonal distrust, sleep, and self-image"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9613-7823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitris I.","family":"Tsomokos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10312","key":"2999_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02143-7","volume":"398","author":"DF Santomauro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Santomauro DF, Herrera AMM, Shadid J et al (2021) Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 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