{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:05:40Z","timestamp":1789632340279,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008111","name":"Hainan Provincial Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["824RC520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["824RC520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-025-03040-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:13:35Z","timestamp":1769685215000},"page":"2109-2123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence and associated factors of burden, depression, and anxiety among informal caregivers of individuals with severe mental disorders within the \u2018686 program\u2019: a community-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4511-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiqing","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7947-6281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2980-2675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6275-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6839-8818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5620-8353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3805-9549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fenmei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4889-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8776-7219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3040_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1002-0829.2012.06.001","volume":"24","author":"H Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen H, Phillips M, Cheng H, Chen Q, Chen X, Fralick D et al (2012) Mental health law of the people\u2019s Republic of China (English translation with annotations): translated and annotated version of china\u2019s new mental health law. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 24(6):305\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1002-0829.2012.06.001","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch Psychiatry"},{"key":"3040_CR2","unstructured":"Notice of the Health and Health Commission on the Issuance of Work Specifications for the Management and Treatment of Severe Mental Disorders (2018) Edition (2018)"},{"key":"3040_CR3","unstructured":"WHO (2021) Mental health atlas 2020. World Health Organization (WHO). 8 October 2021"},{"issue":"12","key":"3040_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02138-4","volume":"28","author":"M Solmi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Solmi M, Seitidis G, Mavridis D, Correll CU, Dragioti E, Guimond S et al (2023) Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of schizophrenia - data, with critical appraisal, from the global burden of disease (GBD) 2019. Mol Psychiatry 28(12):5319\u20135327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-023-02138-4","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"3040_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-023-02594-x","volume":"59","author":"Y Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng Y, Sun S, Wu S, Chen K, Liu Y, Wei W et al (2024) Burden and trends of mental disorders in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 59(9):1563\u20131576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-023-02594-x","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"3040_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169502","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1169502","volume":"14","author":"J Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu J, Wang Y, Wang L, Wu H, Li J, Zhang L (2023) Trends and burden in mental disorder death in China from 2009 to 2019: a nationwide longitudinal study. Front Psychiatry 14:1169502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1169502","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"3040_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/s2215-0366(24)00091-9","volume":"11","author":"S Halstead","year":"2024","unstructured":"Halstead S, Cao C, H\u00f8gnason Mohr G, Ebdrup BH, Pillinger T, McCutcheon RA et al (2024) Prevalence of Multimorbidity in people with and without severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 11(6):431\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2215-0366(24)00091-9","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3040_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czx137","volume":"33","author":"D Liang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liang D, Mays VM, Hwang WC (2018) Integrated mental health services in china: challenges and planning for the future. Health Policy Plan 33(1):107\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapol\/czx137","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"issue":"1","key":"3040_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-025-06627-4","volume":"25","author":"X Zuo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zuo X, Hong J, Liang D, Cao W, Liang Q, Liu Y (2025) Analysis of factors influencing contact in the 686 program for patients with a first-time diagnosis of severe mental disorders in Hainan Province from 2018 to 2022. BMC Psychiatry 25(1):233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-025-06627-4","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3040_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01708-3","volume":"20","author":"N Lindt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lindt N, van Berkel J, Mulder BC (2020) Determinants of overburdening among informal carers: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 20(1):304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01708-3","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"3040_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800114","volume":"69","author":"Y Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu Y, Zhou W, Xiao S (2018) China\u2019s reward policy for family care of persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatr Serv 69(12):1210\u20131211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.201800114","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"4","key":"3040_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2004.05.004","volume":"18","author":"IH Mahone","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mahone IH (2004) Medication decision-making by persons with serious mental illness. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 18(4):126\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2004.05.004","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"3040_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/yco.0000000000000492","volume":"32","author":"SH Kamil","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kamil SH, Velligan DI (2019) Caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia: who are they and what are their challenges? Curr Opin Psychiatry 32(3):157\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/yco.0000000000000492","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3040_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22594","volume":"50","author":"ME Estrada-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Estrada-Fern\u00e1ndez ME, Gil-Lacruz M, Gil-Lacruz AI, Vi\u00f1as-L\u00f3pez A (2022) The impact of community care: burden and quality of life of the informal caregivers of patients with severe mental disorder. J Community Psychol 50(1):487\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcop.22594","journal-title":"J Community Psychol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3040_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e032391","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032391","volume":"9","author":"W Fekadu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fekadu W, Mihiretu A, Craig TKJ, Fekadu A (2019) Multidimensional impact of severe mental illness on family members: systematic review. BMJ Open 9(12):e032391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032391","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"3040_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1608-9","volume":"54","author":"AM Ross","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ross AM, Morgan AJ, Jorm AF, Reavley NJ (2019) A systematic review of the impact of media reports of severe mental illness on stigma and discrimination, and interventions that aim to mitigate any adverse impact. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 54(1):11\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-018-1608-9","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3040_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1053\/jpdn.2000.16709","volume":"15","author":"KR Chou","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chou KR (2000) Caregiver burden: a concept analysis. J Pediatr Nurs 15(6):398\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jpdn.2000.16709","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"3040_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/26.3.260","volume":"26","author":"SH Zarit","year":"1986","unstructured":"Zarit SH, Todd PA, Zarit JM (1986) Subjective burden of husbands and wives as caregivers: a longitudinal study. Gerontologist 26(3):260\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/26.3.260","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"6","key":"3040_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.5382","volume":"29","author":"BP Streck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Streck BP, Wardell DW, LoBiondo-Wood G, Beauchamp JES (2020) Interdependence of physical and psychological morbidity among patients with cancer and family caregivers: review of the literature. Psychooncology 29(6):974\u2013989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pon.5382","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3040_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14648","volume":"77","author":"Z Guan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guan Z, Wang Y, Lam L, Cross W, Wiley JA, Huang C et al (2021) Severity of illness and distress in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: do internalized stigma and caregiving burden mediate the relationship? J Adv Nurs 77(3):1258\u20131270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.14648","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"3040_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E180","DOI":"10.1188\/19.Onf.E180-e184","volume":"46","author":"Y Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang Y, Pan W, Allen D, Hendrix CC (2019) Caregiver burden as a mediator between emotional distress and concentration problems in patients with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 46(6):E180\u2013e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1188\/19.Onf.E180-e184","journal-title":"Oncol Nurs Forum"},{"key":"3040_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-018-0192-4","volume":"12","author":"YI Wong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong YI, Kong D, Tu L, Frasso R (2018) My bitterness is deeper than the ocean: Understanding internalized stigma from the perspectives of persons with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Int J Ment Health Syst 12:14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13033-018-0192-4","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"key":"3040_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00371","volume":"8","author":"M Claxton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Claxton M, Onwumere J, Fornells-Ambrojo M (2017) Do family interventions improve outcomes in early psychosis? A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 8:371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00371","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3040_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013","volume":"12","author":"E von Elm","year":"2014","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP (2014) The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg 12(12):1495\u20131499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3040_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.03.2.p043","volume":"3","author":"CR Van Wilson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Van Wilson CR, Morgan BL (2007) Understanding power and rules of thumb for determining sample sizes. TQMP 3(2):43\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20982\/tqmp.03.2.p043","journal-title":"TQMP"},{"issue":"5","key":"3040_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/41.5.652","volume":"41","author":"M B\u00e9dard","year":"2001","unstructured":"B\u00e9dard M, Molloy DW, Squire L, Dubois S, Lever JA, O\u2019Donnell M (2001) The Zarit burden interview: a new short version and screening version. Gerontologist 41(5):652\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/41.5.652","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"3040_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06239-4","volume":"24","author":"H Yao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yao H, Li K, Li C, Hu S, Huang Z, Chen J et al (2024) Caregiving burden, depression, and anxiety in informal caregivers of people with mental illness in china: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Psychiatry 24(1):824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06239-4","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"3040_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB (2001) The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 16(9):606\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3040_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2006.06.002","volume":"49","author":"A Yeung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yeung A, Fung F, Yu SC, Vorono S, Ly M, Wu S et al (2008) Validation of the patient health Questionnaire-9 for depression screening among Chinese Americans. Compr Psychiatry 49(2):211\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2006.06.002","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"3040_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.09.145","volume":"369","author":"C Hart","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hart C, Draper CE, Soepnel LM, Godongwana M, Mabetha K, Nyati LH et al (2025) Examining the psychometric properties of the patient health Questionnaire-9 and generalized anxiety Disorder-7 among young urban South African women. J Affect Disord 369:61\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.09.145","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3040_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104635","volume":"111","author":"YJ Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao YJ, Gui PP, Xu JJ, Guo T, Li J, Wang J et al (2025) Exploring the differences in psychometric properties of commonly used self-rating depression scales across various populations in china: A quantitative systematic review. Asian J Psychiatr 111:104635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104635","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"3040_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","volume":"166","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, L\u00f6we B (2006) A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med 166(10):1092\u20131097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"3040_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.09.145","volume":"369","author":"C Hart","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hart C, Draper CE, Soepnel LM, Godongwana M, Mabetha K, Nyati LH et al (2025) Examining the psychometric properties of the patient health Questionnaire-9 and generalized anxiety Disorder-7 among young urban South African women. J Affect Disord 369:61\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.09.145","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3040_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565895","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1565895","volume":"16","author":"Nicole Caldichoury","year":"2025","unstructured":"Caldichoury N, Quispe-Ayala C, Coronado JC, Castellanos-Alvarenga LM, Salazar D, Morales-Asencio B et al (2025) Clinical utility of the GAD-7 for detecting generalized anxiety in Quechua indigenous people. Front Psychiatry 16:1565895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1565895","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3040_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","volume":"13","author":"SR Kay","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA (1987) The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 13(2):261\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"3040_CR36","first-page":"65","volume":"19","author":"Y Shen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shen Y, Chen C, hang W (1986) An epidemiological investigation on mental disorders in 12 regions of china: methodology and data analysis (in Chinese). Chin J Neurol Psychiatry 19:65\u201369","journal-title":"Chin J Neurol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"3040_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e78","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.45","volume":"8","author":"MM Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng MM, Ma Z, Chen SY, Luo W, Hu SH, Yang X et al (2022) Predictors of family caregiving burden of persons with schizophrenia with and without transition of primary caregivers from 1994 to 2015 in rural China. BJPsych Open 8(3):e78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2022.45","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"3040_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-024-02753-8","volume":"60","author":"T Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang T, Zhao Z, Wang X, Yang B, Li M, Wang L et al (2025) Sequential mediation model of social support, care burden, and internalized stigma among family function and depression in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: evidence from a cross-sectional study in Southwest China. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 60(4):881\u2013893. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02753-8","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"3040_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631420","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.631420","volume":"12","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Wang Y, Feng P, Li T, Tebes JK, Luan R et al (2021) Associations of caregiving knowledge and skills with caregiver Burden, psychological Well-Being, and coping styles among primary family caregivers of people living with schizophrenia in China. Front Psychiatry 12:631420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.631420","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"3040_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/01634372.2014.978927","volume":"58","author":"SM Cummings","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cummings SM, Kropf NP (2015) Predictors of depression among caregivers of older adults with severe mental illness. J Gerontol Soc Work 58(3):253\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01634372.2014.978927","journal-title":"J Gerontol Soc Work"},{"key":"3040_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sun X, Ge J, Meng H, Chen Z, Liu D (2019) The influence of social support and care burden on depression among caregivers of patients with severe mental illness in rural areas of Sichuan, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16111961","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16111961"},{"issue":"5","key":"3040_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/32.5.607","volume":"32","author":"N Guberman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Guberman N, Maheu P, Maill\u00e9 C (1992) Women as family caregivers: why do they care? Gerontologist 32(5):607\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/32.5.607","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"3040_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i1.7","volume":"6","author":"N Sharma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharma N, Chakrabarti S, Grover S (2016) Gender differences in caregiving among family - caregivers of people with mental illnesses. World J Psychiatry 6(1):7\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5498\/wjp.v6.i1.7","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3040_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.3.285","volume":"150","author":"G Fadden","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fadden G, Bebbington P, Kuipers L (1987) The burden of care: the impact of functional psychiatric illness on the patient\u2019s family. Br J Psychiatry 150:285\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.150.3.285","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3040_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080772","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1080772","volume":"13","author":"H Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang H, Li S, Dai W, Wang H (2022) The effect of reverse intergenerational support on the happiness of Chinese older adults: A moderating effect analysis based on role conflict. Front Psychol 13:1080772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1080772","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3040_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3225","volume":"39","author":"JC Mu\u00f1oz-Cruz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Cruz JC, L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez C, Orgeta V, Del-Pino-Casado R (2023) Coping and depressive symptoms in family carers of dependent adults aged 18 and over: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Stress Health 39(4):708\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smi.3225","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"3040_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1080\/15332985.2015.1064508","volume":"14","author":"S Stanley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stanley S, Mettilda BG, Bhakyalakshmi S (2016) Mental health status and perceived burden in caregiving spouses of persons with psychotic illness (A study from India). Social Work Mental Health 14(5):530\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15332985.2015.1064508","journal-title":"Social Work Mental Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"3040_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00094112","volume":"40","author":"DP Miller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miller DP, Gomberg-Maitland M, Humbert M (2012) Survivor bias and risk assessment. Eur Respir J 40(3):530\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00094112","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3040_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-516","volume":"10","author":"M Idstad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Idstad M, Ask H, Tambs K (2010) Mental disorder and caregiver burden in spouses: the Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag health study. BMC Public Health 10(1):516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-10-516","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"3040_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480260242732","volume":"56","author":"B Boye","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boye B, Malt UF (2002) Stress response symptoms in relatives of acutely admitted psychotic patients: a pilot study. Nord J Psychiatry 56(4):253\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08039480260242732","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-025-03040-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-025-03040-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-025-03040-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:44:37Z","timestamp":1789631077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-025-03040-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-025-03040-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The comprehensive research protocol underwent rigorous ethical scrutiny by the institutional review board, specifically the Ethics Committee of Hainan Medical University, which granted formal ethical approval for the conduct of this study (Grant Number: HYLL-2024-271).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"<b>Ethics approval and consent to participate<\/b>","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All informed consent was secured prior to the initiation of any interactions with study participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"<b>Consent for publication<\/b>","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}