{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:41:57Z","timestamp":1792078917656,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024MH198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024MH198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2506800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2506800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-025-03042-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T16:53:41Z","timestamp":1767977621000},"page":"545-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Global, regional, and national burdens of anxiety disorders among older adults, 1990-2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunning","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"3042_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.22744","volume":"328","author":"KL Szuhany","year":"2022","unstructured":"Szuhany KL, Simon NM (2022) Anxiety disorders: a review. JAMA 328(24):2431\u20132445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.22744","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"3042_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0889-2","volume":"15","author":"DJ Stein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stein DJ, Lim CCW, Roest AM, WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators et al (2017) The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. BMC Med 15(1):143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-017-0889-2","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3042_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0739-5","volume":"18","author":"CM Celano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Celano CM, Daunis DJ, Lokko HN et al (2016) Anxiety disorders and cardiovascular disease. Curr Psychiatr Rep 18(11):101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-016-0739-5","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatr Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3042_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38013-7","volume":"14","author":"X Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao X, Geng T, Jiang M et al (2023) Accelerated biological aging and risk of depression and anxiety: evidence from 424,299 UK Biobank participants. Nat Commun 14(1):2277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-38013-7","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"3042_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","volume":"9","author":"GBD 2019 mental disorders collaborators","year":"2022","unstructured":"GBD 2019 mental disorders collaborators (2022) Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Psychiatry 9(2):137\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"3042_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/ija.2023.e16","volume":"1","author":"S Safiri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Safiri S, Motlagh Asghari K, Sullman MJM (2023) The global burden of diseases and injuries among older adults. Int J Aging Hum Dev 1:e16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/ija.2023.e16","journal-title":"Int J Aging Hum Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"3042_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30006-2","volume":"5","author":"Y Yon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yon Y, Mikton CR, Gassoumis ZD et al (2017) Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 5(2):e147\u2013e156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30006-2","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"3042_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102443","volume":"100","author":"J Rong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rong J, Cheng P, Li D et al (2024) Global, regional, and national temporal trends in prevalence for depressive disorders in older adults, 1990-2019: an age-period-cohort analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019. Ageing Res Rev 100:102443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102443","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"1789","key":"3042_CR9","first-page":"17","volume":"260","author":"I Koychev","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koychev I, Ebmeier KP (2016) Anxiety in older adults often goes undiagnosed. Practitioner 260(1789):17\u201320 (2-3)","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"issue":"4","key":"3042_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2024.04.015","volume":"47","author":"CJ Johnco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johnco CJ, Matovic D, Wuthrich VM (2024) Anxiety disorders in later life. Psychiatr Clin North Am 47(4):741\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2024.04.015","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"3042_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbx128","volume":"74","author":"E Beaunoyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beaunoyer E, Landreville P, Carmichael PH (2019) Older adults\u2019 knowledge of anxiety disorders. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 74(5):806\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbx128","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3042_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5035","volume":"34","author":"S Grenier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grenier S, Payette MC, Gunther B et al (2019) Association of age and gender with anxiety disorders in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 34(3):397\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.5035","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"3042_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.087","volume":"246","author":"B Villagrasa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villagrasa B, Olaya B, Lopez-Anton R et al (2019) Prevalence of anxiety disorder among older adults in Spain: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 246:408\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.087","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"3042_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.11.008","volume":"109","author":"C Bryant","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bryant C, Jackson H, Ames D (2008) The prevalence of anxiety in older adults: methodological issues and a review of the literature. J Affect Disord 109(3):233\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2007.11.008","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"3042_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.08.015","volume":"26","author":"A Canuto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Canuto A, Weber K, Baertschi M et al (2018) Anxiety disorders in old age: psychiatric comorbidities, quality of life, and prevalence according to age, gender, and country. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 26(2):174\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.08.015","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10258","key":"3042_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","volume":"396","author":"GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators","year":"2020","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators (2020) Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 396(10258):1204\u20131222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10440","key":"3042_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8","volume":"403","author":"GBD","year":"2021","unstructured":"GBD (2021) Diseases and Injuries Collaborators (2024) Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 403(10440):2133\u20132161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10440","key":"3042_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00367-2","volume":"403","author":"GBD","year":"2021","unstructured":"GBD (2021) Causes of Death Collaborators (2024) Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 403(10440):2100\u20132132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00367-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"3042_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00038-3","volume":"23","author":"GBD","year":"2021","unstructured":"GBD (2021) Nervous System Disorders Collaborators (2024) Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol 23(4):344\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00038-3","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"10440","key":"3042_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00476-8","volume":"403","author":"GBD","year":"2021","unstructured":"GBD (2021) Demographics Collaborators (2024) Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950\u20132021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 403(10440):1989\u20132056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00476-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3042_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102758","volume":"75","author":"XY Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li XY, Kong XM, Yang CH et al (2024) Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic stroke, 1990\u20132021: an analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021. EClinMed 75:102758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102758","journal-title":"EClinMed"},{"issue":"10312","key":"3042_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02143-7","volume":"398","author":"COVID-19 Mental Disorders Collaborators","year":"2021","unstructured":"COVID-19 Mental Disorders Collaborators (2021) Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet 398(10312):1700\u20131712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02143-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3042_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102328","volume":"67","author":"Kenya adolescent mental health group","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kenya adolescent mental health group (2023) Burden and risk factors of mental and substance use disorders among adolescents and young adults in Kenya: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. EClinicalMedicine 67:102328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102328","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"10440","key":"3042_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4","volume":"403","author":"GBD","year":"2021","unstructured":"GBD (2021) Risk Factors Collaborators (2024) Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 403(10440):2162\u20132203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"3042_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00214-3","volume":"5","author":"L Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu L, Tian T, Wang B et al (2024) Global, regional, and national burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in older adults aged 60\u201389 years from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Healthy Longev 5(1):e17\u2013e30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00214-3","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"3042_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-078432","volume":"385","author":"K Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang K, Yang X, Jin C et al (2024) Global burden of type 1 diabetes in adults aged 65 years and older, 1990\u20132019: population based study. BMJ 385:e078432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2023-078432","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3042_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100341","volume":"16","author":"G Castelpietra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Castelpietra G, Knudsen AKS, Agardh EE et al (2022) The burden of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm among young people in Europe, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Reg Health Eur 16:100341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100341","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"3042_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.11.022","volume":"346","author":"ZF He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He ZF, Tan WY, Ma H et al (2024) Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among older adults: a large-scale cross-sectional study in China. J Affect Disord 346:135\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2023.11.022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"3042_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01575-2","volume":"12","author":"Z Zhi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhi Z, Yan S, Yijuan H et al (2024) Trends in the disease burden of anxiety disorders in middle-aged and older adults in China. BMC Psychol 12(1):83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01575-2","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"3042_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1489427","volume":"15","author":"F Bie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bie F, Yan X, Xing J et al (2024) Rising global burden of anxiety disorders among adolescents and young adults: trends, risk factors, and the impact of socioeconomic disparities and COVID-19 from 1990 to 2021. Front Psychiatr 15:1489427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1489427","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"key":"3042_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796021000275","volume":"30","author":"X Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang X, Fang Y, Chen H et al (2021) Global, regional and national burden of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 30:e36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S2045796021000275","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"3042_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.10.022","volume":"297","author":"P Xiong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiong P, Liu M, Liu B et al (2022) Trends in the incidence and DALYs of anxiety disorders at the global, regional, and national levels: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Affect Disord 297:83\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.10.022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3042_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.10.028","volume":"208","author":"B Stubbs","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stubbs B, Koyanagi A, Hallgren M et al (2017) Physical activity and anxiety: a perspective from the World Health Survey. J Affect Disord 208:545\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2016.10.028","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"3042_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-012-9534-x","volume":"49","author":"C Papadopoulos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Papadopoulos C, Foster J, Caldwell K (2013) \u201cIndividualism-collectivism\u201d as an explanatory device for mental illness stigma. Community Ment Health J 49(3):270\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-012-9534-x","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"3042_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.086","volume":"373","author":"Y Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu Y, Li X, Ji X et al (2024) Trends in the epidemiology of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2021: a global, regional, and national analysis with a focus on the sociodemographic index. J Affect Disord 373:166\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.086","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"6522","key":"3042_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay0214","volume":"370","author":"M Ridley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ridley M, Rao G, Schilbach F et al (2020) Poverty, depression, and anxiety: causal evidence and mechanisms. Science 370(6522):eaay0214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aay0214","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"3042_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796015000050","volume":"24","author":"C Lund","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lund C (2015) Poverty, inequality and mental health in low- and middle-income countries: time to expand the research and policy agendas. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 24(2):97\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S2045796015000050","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3042_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.03.018","volume":"57","author":"A Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh A, Daniel L, Baker E et al (2019) Housing disadvantage and poor mental health: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 57(2):262\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.03.018","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3042_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12000","volume":"54","author":"C Monk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Monk C, Georgieff MK, Osterholm EA (2013) Research review: maternal prenatal distress and poor nutrition - mutually influencing risk factors affecting infant neurocognitive development. J Child Psychol Psychiatr 54(2):115\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12000","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatr"},{"key":"3042_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_94_18","volume":"10","author":"K Falahat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Falahat K, Mirabzadeh A, Eftekhari MB et al (2019) Social determinants of positive mental health in Iranian society: a qualitative approach. Int J Prev Med 10:170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_94_18","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"3042_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1984","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00342-5","volume":"12","author":"Iran Subnational Mental Health GBD Collaborators","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iran Subnational Mental Health GBD Collaborators (2024) National and subnational burden of mental disorders in Iran (1990-2019): findings of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Lancet Glob Health 12(12):e1984\u2013e1992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00342-5","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"24","key":"3042_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5327","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245327","volume":"14","author":"F Al Anouti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al Anouti F, Grant WB, Thomas J et al (2022) Associations between dietary intake of vitamin D, sun exposure, and generalized anxiety among college women. Nutrients 14(24):5327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14245327","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"3042_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001197","volume":"110","author":"J Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang J, Rhu J, Lim S et al (2024) Impact of virtual reality education on disease-specific knowledge and anxiety for hepatocellular carcinoma patient scheduled for liver resection: a randomized controlled study. Int J Surg 110(5):2810\u20132817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001197","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3042_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.242","volume":"218","author":"ASF Kwong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwong ASF, Pearson RM, Adams MJ et al (2021) Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in two longitudinal UK population cohorts. Br J Psychiatr 218(6):334\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.2020.242","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3042_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04161-0","volume":"23","author":"M Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang M, Liu K, Liang C et al (2023) The relationship between living alone or not and depressive symptoms in older adults: a parallel mediation effect of sleep quality and anxiety. BMC Geriatr 23(1):506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-023-04161-0","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"3042_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000064","volume":"23","author":"ES Bower","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bower ES, Wetherell JL, Mon T et al (2015) Treating anxiety disorders in older adults: current treatments and future directions. Harv Rev Psychiatr 23(5):329\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000064","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3042_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-022-00422-6","volume":"13","author":"P Shobeiri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shobeiri P, Kalantari A, Teixeira AL et al (2022) Shedding light on biological sex differences and microbiota-gut-brain axis: a comprehensive review of its roles in neuropsychiatric disorders. Biol Sex Differ 13(1):12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13293-022-00422-6","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"issue":"4","key":"3042_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504221135469","volume":"105","author":"NZ Farhane-Medina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farhane-Medina NZ, Luque B, Tabernero C et al (2022) Factors associated with gender and sex differences in anxiety prevalence and comorbidity: a systematic review. Sci Prog 105(4):368504221135469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00368504221135469","journal-title":"Sci Prog"},{"issue":"12","key":"3042_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-01203-x","volume":"22","author":"HM Vasiliadis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vasiliadis HM, Desjardins F, Roberge P et al (2020) Sex differences in anxiety disorders in older adults. Curr Psychiatr Rep 22(12):75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-020-01203-x","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatr Rep"},{"issue":"10189","key":"3042_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30652-X","volume":"393","author":"L Heise","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heise L, Greene ME, Opper N, Gender Equality, Norms, and Health Steering Committee et al (2019) Gender inequality and restrictive gender norms: framing the challenges to health. Lancet 393(10189):2440\u20132454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30652-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3042_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/49609","volume":"10","author":"H Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao H, Wu Y, Yin H et al (2024) Global trends in the incidence of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: joinpoint and age-period-cohort analysis study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 10:e49609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/49609","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"3042_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.04.032","volume":"356","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Wu Y, Chen Y et al (2024) Network analysis for inter-relationships of the suboptimal health status with depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: a perspective of predictive, preventive, and personalized health. J Affect Disord 356:155\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.04.032","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"3042_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.5152\/alphapsychiatry.2023.221100","volume":"24","author":"SB Uzun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Uzun SB, G\u00f6kmen D, Saka MC et al (2023) Evaluation of the relationship between psychopathology and environmental factors in psychiatric diseases by nonrecursive modeling. Alpha Psychiatry 24(4):146\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/alphapsychiatry.2023.221100","journal-title":"Alpha Psychiatry"},{"key":"3042_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.09.011","volume":"367","author":"Y Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Y, Cai K, Qi J et al (2024) Exploring the moderated mediation of stress and media use: Social support\u2019s impact on anxiety among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic - insights from a large-scale cross-sectional study in China. J Affect Disord 367:229\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.09.011","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3042_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/ija.2024.e19","volume":"2","author":"S Saeid","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saeid S, Amin Daei SA et al (2024) Obesity: global epidemiology, trends, risk factors, and clinical aspects. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2:e19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/ija.2024.e19","journal-title":"Int J Aging Hum Dev"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-025-03042-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-025-03042-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-025-03042-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T19:04:24Z","timestamp":1773774264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-025-03042-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-025-03042-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethics approval and consent from individuals were not required, as only aggregated non-identifiable data were used in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}