{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:08:18Z","timestamp":1792782498185,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The University of Queensland","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rqy9422","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically review Australian evidence examining associations between exposure to natural disasters and suicidal behaviours, including suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was conducted in accordance with a pre-registered protocol (CRD42023471489), PRISMA, and SwiMS guidelines. Databases were searched in May 2026. Eligible studies were Australian observational studies examining droughts, floods, bushfires, heatwaves, or storms in relation to suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, or death by suicide. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Findings were narratively synthesised.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve studies met inclusion criteria. Evidence linking natural disasters to suicide mortality was mixed and inconsistent, particularly in short-term post-disaster analyses. In contrast, individual-level studies more consistently reported increased odds of suicidal ideation and self-harm following disaster exposure. Associations were strongest for prolonged drought, heat exposure, displacement, and cumulative or repeated disaster exposure, with several studies demonstrating dose response patterns. Most studies were judged to have moderate risk of bias, commonly due to exposure misclassification and limited control of confounding variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Australia, natural disasters are more consistently associated with non-fatal suicidal behaviours than with suicide mortality. Post-disaster mental health responses should incorporate monitoring of these behaviours beyond the immediate recovery phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-026-03160-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T11:22:29Z","timestamp":1782472949000},"page":"2281-2292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Natural disasters and suicidality in Australia: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5978-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike","family":"Trott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lockett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Arnautovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kisely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Crompton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Siskind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"3160_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701004329","volume":"31","author":"BE Molnar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Molnar BE, Berkman LF, Buka SL (2001) Psychopathology, childhood sexual abuse and other childhood adversities: relative links to subsequent suicidal behaviour in the US. Psychol Med 31:965\u2013977","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"3160_CR2","unstructured":"Harmer B, Lee S, Duong TH et al (2023) Suicidal ideation. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK565877\/ accessed 28 September 2023)"},{"key":"3160_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.02.024","volume":"379","author":"DL Vickers","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vickers DL, Haregu T, Arya V et al (2025) Analysis of sociodemographic and health related factors influencing mental health service utilisation amongst Australian males with experience of suicidal thoughts or attempts. J Affect Disord 379:36\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.02.024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3160_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0777-9","volume":"49","author":"U Arnautovska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arnautovska U, McPhedran S, De Leo D (2014) A regional approach to understanding farmer suicide rates in Queensland. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 49:593\u2013599","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"3160_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2016.1153007","volume":"40","author":"U Arnautovska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arnautovska U, McPhedran S, Kelly B et al (2016) Geographic variation in suicide rates in Australian farmers: Why is the problem more frequent in Queensland than in New South Wales? Death Stud 40:367\u2013372","journal-title":"Death Stud"},{"key":"3160_CR6","first-page":"51","volume":"15","author":"U Arnautovska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arnautovska U, McPhedran S, De Leo D (2015) Differences in characteristics between suicide cases of farm managers compared to those of farm labourers in Queensland, Australia. Rural Remote Health 15:51\u201361","journal-title":"Rural Remote Health"},{"key":"3160_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245271","volume":"16","author":"SJ Fitzpatrick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick SJ, Handley T, Powell N et al (2021) Suicide in rural Australia: A retrospective study of mental health problems, health-seeking and service utilisation. PLoS One 16:e0245271","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3160_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024) Environmental health in emergencies. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/environment-climate-change-and-health\/emergencies"},{"key":"3160_CR9","unstructured":"United Nations (2024) United Nations Office for Disaster risk reduction, https:\/\/www.undrr.org\/gar\/gar2022-our-world-risk-gar accessed 9 August 2024)."},{"key":"3160_CR10","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Wellbeing (2024) Extreme weather related injuries in Australia over the last decade. https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/australias-health\/extreme-weather-injuries accessed 20th Jan 2026)"},{"key":"3160_CR11","unstructured":"Australian National Emergency Management Agency (2026) Community Inclusive Recovery Practice: Working with Indigenous communities in recovery from disasters. https:\/\/knowledge.aidr.org.au\/media\/9902\/working-with-indigenous-communities-in-recovery-module.pdf accessed 20th Janhttps:\/\/knowledge.aidr.org.au\/media\/9902\/working-with-indigenous-communities-in-recovery-module.pdf 2026)"},{"key":"3160_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.01.114","volume":"375","author":"TC Zortea","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zortea TC, K\u00f5lves K, Russell K et al (2025) Natural disasters and suicidal behaviour: An updated systematic review. J Affect Disord 375:256\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.01.114","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3160_CR13","first-page":"99","volume":"17","author":"A Karimi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karimi A, Bazyar J, Malekyan L et al (2022) Prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts after disaster and mass casualty incidents in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J Psychiatry 17:99","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3160_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215001210","volume":"28","author":"G Parker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parker G, Lie D, Siskind DJ et al (2016) Mental health implications for older adults after natural disasters\u2013a systematic review and meta-analysis. International psychogeriatrics 28:11\u201320","journal-title":"International psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3160_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-023-00583-1","volume":"17","author":"JR Beames","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beames JR, Huckvale K, Fujimoto H et al (2023) The impact of COVID-19 and bushfires on the mental health of Australian adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health 17:34","journal-title":"Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health"},{"key":"3160_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2012.684581","volume":"18","author":"D De Leo","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Leo D, Too LS, K\u00f5lves K et al (2013) Has the suicide rate risen with the 2011 Queensland floods? Journal of Loss and Trauma 18:170\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15325024.2012.684581","journal-title":"Journal of Loss and Trauma"},{"key":"3160_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ ; 372","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"3160_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6890","author":"M Campbell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campbell M, McKenzie JE, Sowden A et al (2020) Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline. BMJ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l6890","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3160_CR19","unstructured":"JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. (2024)"},{"key":"3160_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674251413876","volume":"60","author":"ATD Toit","year":"2026","unstructured":"Toit ATD, Maston K, Mackinnon A et al (2026) Longitudinal effects of bushfire harm on adolescent mental health. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 60:259\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00048674251413876","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3160_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22616","volume":"34","author":"S Cowlishaw","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cowlishaw S, Metcalf O, Varker T et al (2021) Anger dimensions and mental health following a disaster: distribution and implications after a major bushfire. Journal of Traumatic Stress 34:46\u201355","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"3160_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00367","volume":"7","author":"V Matthews","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matthews V, Longman J, Berry HL et al (2019) Differential mental health impact six months after extensive river flooding in rural Australia: a cross-sectional analysis through an equity lens. Frontiers in public health 7:367","journal-title":"Frontiers in public health"},{"key":"3160_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2023.101576","volume":"25","author":"B Edwards","year":"2024","unstructured":"Edwards B, Taylor M, Gray M (2024) The influence of natural disasters and multiple natural disasters on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: findings from a nationally representative cohort study of Australian adolescents. SSM-population health 25:101576","journal-title":"SSM-population health"},{"key":"3160_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13950","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1112965109","volume":"109","author":"IC Hanigan","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hanigan IC, Butler CD, Kokic PN et al (1970) Suicide and drought in New South Wales, Australia, 1970\u20132007. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109:13950\u201313955","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"3160_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350024","DOI":"10.1142\/S2010007823500240","volume":"15","author":"Y Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Y, Wheeler SA, Zuo A (2024) Drought and hotter temperature impacts on suicide: Evidence from the Murray\u2013Darling basin, Australia. Clim Change Econ 15:2350024","journal-title":"Clim Change Econ"},{"key":"3160_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1584.2011.01244.x","volume":"20","author":"R Guiney","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guiney R (2012) Farming suicides during the Victorian drought: 2001\u20132007. Aust J Rural Health 20:11\u201315","journal-title":"Aust J Rural Health"},{"key":"3160_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14040352","volume":"14","author":"L Kunde","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kunde L, K\u00f5lves K, Kelly B et al (2017) Pathways to suicide in Australian farmers: a life chart analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 14:352","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3160_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674241290449","volume":"59","author":"C Dey","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dey C, Wu J, Uesi J et al (2025) Youth suicidality risk relative to ambient temperature and heatwaves across climate zones: A time series analysis of emergency department presentations in New South Wales, Australia. Australian New Z J Psychiatry 59:18\u201328","journal-title":"Australian New Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3160_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.2017.1385049","volume":"81","author":"L Reifels","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reifels L, Spittal MJ, D\u00fcckers ML et al (2018) Suicidality risk and (repeat) disaster exposure: findings from a nationally representative population survey. Psychiatry 81:158\u2013172","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"3160_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2025.101491","author":"K K\u00f5lves","year":"2025","unstructured":"K\u00f5lves K, Shaw-Williams D, Krishnamoorthy S et al (2025) From rising temperature to eco-emotions: exploring the impact of climate change on suicidality. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2025.101491","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"3160_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674251370108","volume":"59","author":"P Kemel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kemel P, Porter JE, Remedios L et al (2025) Bushfire and adolescent mental health: A systematic review. Australian New Z J Psychiatry 59:1059\u20131076","journal-title":"Australian New Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3160_CR32","first-page":"356","volume-title":"Psychiatrists should champion the care of those with severe mental illnesses experiencing climate change-related heat stress","author":"S Allison","year":"2025","unstructured":"Allison S, Bastiampillai T, Kisely S et al (2025) Psychiatrists should champion the care of those with severe mental illnesses experiencing climate change-related heat stress. SAGE Publications Sage UK, London, England, pp 356\u2013360"},{"key":"3160_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.07.037","volume":"146","author":"K K\u00f5lves","year":"2013","unstructured":"K\u00f5lves K, K\u00f5lves KE, De Leo D (2013) Natural disasters and suicidal behaviours: a systematic literature review. J Affect Disord 146:1\u201314","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3160_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1528573","volume":"16","author":"EK Austin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Austin EK, Kiem AS (2025) A review of the relationship between mental health, wellbeing and drought resilience in rural, regional and remote communities. Front Psychiatry 16:1528573","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-026-03160-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-026-03160-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-026-03160-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T17:02:18Z","timestamp":1792774938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-026-03160-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["3160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-026-03160-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}