{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T20:46:30Z","timestamp":1793738790985,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Science and Technology Plan for Disease Prevention and Control","award":["2025JK137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JK137"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province","award":["2024ZL1261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZL1261"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32560220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32560220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Self-funded Research Project of Guangxi Health Commission","award":["Z-B20240855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z-B20240855"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bull Environ Contam Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-026-04224-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T10:26:37Z","timestamp":1774693597000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tire Wear Particles' Environmental Distribution and Potential Threats to Human Health"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Xinjie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianliang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanxiang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangzhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"4224_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.02.058","volume":"237","author":"M Arias-Andres","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arias-Andres M, Kl\u00fcmper U, Rojas-Jimenez K, Grossart HP (2018) Microplastic pollution increases gene exchange in aquatic ecosystems. Environ Pollut 237:253\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.02.058","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"4224_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137823","volume":"733","author":"B Baensch-Baltruschat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baensch-Baltruschat B, Kocher B, Stock F, Reifferscheid G (2020) Tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) - a review of generation, properties, emissions, human health risk, ecotoxicity, and fate in the environment. Sci Total Environ 733:137823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137823","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"11","key":"4224_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.16441\/j.cnki.hdxb.20200054","volume":"50","author":"MT Bao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bao MT, Cheng Y, Chen JX et al (2020) Marine microplastic pollution status and environmental behavior effects: a review. J China Ocean Univ Nat Sci 50(11):69\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16441\/j.cnki.hdxb.20200054","journal-title":"J China Ocean Univ Nat Sci"},{"key":"4224_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.576170","volume":"7","author":"J Barrett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barrett J, Chase Z, Zhang J, Holl MMB, Willis K, Williams A, Hardesty BD, Wilcox C (2020) Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments from the Great Australian Bight. Front Mar Sci 7:576170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2020.576170","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"4224_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2305\/iucn.ch.2017.01.en","volume-title":"Primary microplastics in the oceans: a global evaluation of sources","author":"J Boucher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boucher J, Friot D (2017) Primary microplastics in the oceans: a global evaluation of sources. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2305\/iucn.ch.2017.01.en"},{"key":"4224_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.5254\/1.3535198","volume":"28","author":"SH Cadle","year":"1978","unstructured":"Cadle SH, Williams RL (1978) Gas and particle emissions from automobile tires in laboratory and field studies. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 28:502\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5254\/1.3535198","journal-title":"J Air Pollut Control Assoc"},{"issue":"08","key":"4224_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.13287\/j.1001-9332.202208.028","volume":"33","author":"Y Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang YX et al (2022) Black microplastics in the environment: sources, migration, and environmental risks of tire wear particles. J Appl Ecol 33(08):2260\u20132270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13287\/j.1001-9332.202208.028","journal-title":"J Appl Ecol"},{"key":"4224_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127861","volume":"427","author":"E Danopoulos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Danopoulos E, Twiddy M, West R, Rotchell JM (2022) A rapid review and meta-regression analyses of the toxicological impacts of microplastic exposure in human cells. J Hazard Mater 427:127861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127861","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"4224_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107374","volume":"166","author":"S Di","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di S, Liu Z, Zhao H, Li Y, Qi P, Wang Z, Xu H, Jin Y, Wang X (2022) Chiral perspective evaluations: enantioselective hydrolysis of 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone in water and enantioselective toxicity to Gobiocypris rarus and Oncorhynchus mykiss. Environ Int 166:107374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107374","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"02","key":"4224_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.13984\/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2021.02.019","volume":"43","author":"P Ding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ding P, Zhang LJ, Huang DJ et al (2021) Research progress on the toxic effects and mechanisms of microplastics on marine organisms. Mar Lakes Wetlands Bull 43(02):144\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13984\/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2021.02.019","journal-title":"Mar Lakes Wetlands Bull"},{"key":"4224_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112914","volume":"171","author":"X Dong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dong X, Zhu L, Jiang P, Wang X, Liu K, Li C, Li D (2021) Seasonal biofilm formation on floating microplastics in coastal waters of intensified marinculture area. Mar Pollut Bull 171:112914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112914","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"4224_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17201-9","volume":"11","author":"N Evangeliou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Evangeliou N, Grythe H, Klimont Z, Heyes C, Eckhardt S, Lopez-Aparicio S, Stohl A (2020) Atmospheric transport is a major pathway of microplastics to remote regions. Nat Commun 11(1):3381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-17201-9","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4224_CR13","unstructured":"Feng ZZ, Hu XJ, Bao DJ, et al. (2025) Pollution characteristics of phthalate esters in greenhouses in china and human exposure studies. Environ Chem 1\u201315"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"4224_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160150","volume":"859","author":"L Fohet","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fohet L, Andanson JM, Charbouillot T, Malosse L, Leremboure M, Delor-Jestin F, Verney V (2023) Time concentration profiles of tire particle additives and transformation products under natural and artificial aging. Sci Total Environ 859(Pt 1):160150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160150","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"4224_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2018-105181","volume":"76","author":"M Hidajat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hidajat M, McElvenny DM, Ritchie P, Darnton A, Mueller W, van Tongeren M, Agius RM, Cherrie JW, de Vocht F (2019) Lifetime exposure to rubber dusts, fumes and N-nitrosamines and cancer mortality in a cohort of British rubber workers with 49 years follow-up. Occup Environ Med 76(4):250\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2018-105181","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"4224_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104147","volume":"82","author":"T Horvatits","year":"2022","unstructured":"Horvatits T, Tamminga M, Liu B, Sebode M, Carambia A, Fischer L, P\u00fcschel K, Huber S, Fischer EK (2022) Microplastics detected in cirrhotic liver tissue. EBioMedicine 82:104147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104147","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"4224_CR17","unstructured":"Huang ZY, Wu JL, Fu JY et al. (2025) Environmental distribution, biological toxicity, and alternative strategies for 6PPD-quinone. Environ Chem 1\u201310"},{"key":"4224_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138950","volume":"729","author":"I J\u00e4rlskog","year":"2020","unstructured":"J\u00e4rlskog I, Str\u00f6mvall AM, Magnusson K, Gustafsson M, Polukarova M, Galfi H, Aronsson M, Andersson-Sk\u00f6ld Y (2020) Occurrence of tire and bitumen wear microplastics on urban streets and in sweepsand and washwater. Sci Total Environ 729:138950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138950","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4224_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154907","volume":"831","author":"LC Jenner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jenner LC, Rotchell JM, Bennett RT, Cowen M, Tentzeris V, Sadofsky LR (2022) Detection of microplastics in human lung tissue using \u03bcFTIR spectroscopy. Sci Total Environ 831:154907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154907","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"12","key":"4224_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.13671\/j.hjkxxb.2020.0499","volume":"40","author":"M Jiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiao M, Cao BD, Zhang T (2020) Environmental tire wear particles: from roads to oceans. Acta Sci Circumstant 40(12):4263\u20134278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13671\/j.hjkxxb.2020.0499","journal-title":"Acta Sci Circumstant"},{"issue":"2","key":"4224_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-021-00815-5","volume":"82","author":"C Johannessen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Johannessen C, Helm P, Metcalfe CD (2022) Runoff of the tire-wear compound, Hexamethoxymethyl-Melamine into urban watersheds. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 82(2):162\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00244-021-00815-5","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"4224_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2019.05.018","volume":"213","author":"FR Khan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khan FR, Halle LL, Palmqvist A (2019) Acute and long-term toxicity of micronized car tire wear particles to Hyalella azteca. Aquat Toxicol 213:105216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquatox.2019.05.018","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"4224_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2016.07.004","volume":"120","author":"IV Kirstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kirstein IV, Kirmizi S, Wichels A, Garin-Fernandez A, Erler R, L\u00f6der M, Gerdts G (2016) Dangerous hitchhikers? Evidence for potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. on microplastic particles. Mar Environ Res 120:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marenvres.2016.07.004","journal-title":"Mar Environ Res"},{"key":"4224_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.02.054","volume":"155","author":"AA Koelmans","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koelmans AA, Mohamed Nor NH, Hermsen E, Kooi M, Mintenig SM, De France J (2019) M icroplastics in freshwaters and drinking water: critical review and assessment of data quality. Water Res 155:410\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2019.02.054","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"4224_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14101265","volume":"14","author":"PJ Kole","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kole PJ, L\u00f6hr AJ, Van Belleghem FGAJ, Ragas AMJ (2017) Wear and tear of tyres: a stealthy source of microplastics in the environment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 14(10):1265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph14101265","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"4224_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.10.016","volume":"408","author":"ML Kreider","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kreider ML, Panko JM, McAtee BL, Sweet LI, Finley BL (2010) Physical and chemical characterization of tire-related particles: comparison of particles generated using different methodologies. Science Total Environ 408(3):652\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.10.016","journal-title":"Science Total Environ"},{"issue":"5","key":"4224_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-020-02210-7","volume":"29","author":"SB LaPlaca","year":"2020","unstructured":"LaPlaca SB, van den Hurk P (2020) Toxicological effects of micronized tire crumb rubber on mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Ecotoxicology 29(5):524\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10646-020-02210-7","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"4224_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107199","volume":"163","author":"HA Leslie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leslie HA, van Velzen MJM, Brandsma SH, Vethaak AD, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Lamoree MH (2022) Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood. Environ Int 163:107199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107199","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"01","key":"4224_CR29","first-page":"103","volume":"37","author":"HW Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu HW, Yuan YX, Cao TC et al (2025) Key environmental behaviors and impact mechanisms of tire wear particles. Chem Prog 37(01):103\u2013111","journal-title":"Chem Prog"},{"issue":"01","key":"4224_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.13227\/j.hjkx.202212185","volume":"45","author":"MD Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma MD, Zhao YC, Zhu L et al (2024) Research progress on human microplastic pollution characteristics and health risks. Environ Sci 45(01):459\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13227\/j.hjkx.202212185","journal-title":"Environ Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"4224_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309822","volume":"390","author":"R Marfella","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marfella R, Prattichizzo F, Sardu C, Fulgenzi G, Graciotti L, Spadoni T, D\u2019Onofrio N, Scisciola L, La Grotta R, Frig\u00e9 C, Pellegrini V, Municin\u00f2 M, Siniscalchi M, Spinetti F, Vigliotti G, Vecchione C, Carrizzo A, Accarino G, Squillante A, Spaziano G, Paolisso G (2024) Microplastics and nanoplastics in atheromas and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 390(10):900\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2309822","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4224_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meng FY (2023) Study on the ecotoxicity mechanism of tire microplastics on microalgae and coastal sediments. Master's Thesis, Yantai University. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.27437\/d.cnki.gytdu.2023.000181","DOI":"10.27437\/d.cnki.gytdu.2023.000181"},{"key":"4224_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mu QZ (2023) Research on the microplastic pollution characteristics in road dust of two cities in northern and southern xinjiang and ecological risk assessment. Master's Thesis, Shihezi University. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.27332\/d.cnki.gshzu.2023.000268","DOI":"10.27332\/d.cnki.gshzu.2023.000268"},{"key":"4224_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134455","volume":"702","author":"JC Prata","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prata JC, da Costa JP, Lopes I, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T (2020) Environmental exposure to microplastics: an overview on possible human health effects. Sci Total Environ 702:134455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134455","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4224_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106274","volume":"146","author":"A Ragusa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ragusa A, Svelato A, Santacroce C, Catalano P, Notarstefano V, Carnevali O, Papa F, Rongioletti MCA, Baiocco F, Draghi S, D\u2019Amore E, Rinaldo D, Matta M, Giorgini E (2021) Plasticenta: first evidence of microplastics in human placenta. Environ Int 146:106274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106274","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"4224_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5337","volume":"41","author":"T Schell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schell T, Martinez-Perez S, Dafouz R, Hurley R, Vighi M, Rico A (2022) Effects of polyester fibers and car tire particles on freshwater invertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 41(6):1555\u20131567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.5337","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"4224_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124004","volume":"404","author":"K Senathirajah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Senathirajah K, Attwood S, Bhagwat G, Carbery M, Wilson S, Palanisami T (2021) Estimation of the mass of microplastics ingested - a pivotal first step towards human health risk assessment. J Hazard Mater 404(Pt B):124004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124004","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"4224_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.19307\/j.cnki.ctrr.2025.03.020","volume":"03","author":"WW Shan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shan WW (2025) Cotoxicological characteristics and influencing factors of tire materials. China Tire Resource Compr Util 03:34\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19307\/j.cnki.ctrr.2025.03.020","journal-title":"China Tire Resource Compr Util"},{"key":"4224_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi T (2021) Mechanism Study on the Role of MiR-1a-3p\/Twinfilin 1 in Lung Injury Induced by Tire Wear Particle Inhalation. Master's Thesis, Qingdao University. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.27262\/d.cnki.gqdau.2022.000400","DOI":"10.27262\/d.cnki.gqdau.2022.000400"},{"issue":"9","key":"4224_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-013-0642-9","volume":"21","author":"A Simons","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simons A (2016) Road transport: new life cycle inventories for fossil-fuelled passenger cars and nonexhaust emissions in ecoinvent v3. Int J Life Cycle Assess 21(9):1299\u20131313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11367-013-0642-9","journal-title":"Int J Life Cycle Assess"},{"key":"4224_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2018.03.0099","volume":"18","author":"F Sommer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sommer F, Dietze V, Baum A, Sauer J, Gilge S, Maschowski C, Gier\u00e9 R (2018) Tire abrasion as a major source of microplastics in the environment. Aerosol Air Qual Res 18:2014\u20132028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4209\/aaqr.2018.03.0099","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"4224_CR42","first-page":"157","volume":"42","author":"YP Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su YP, Li RL, Li B et al (2023) Research progress on the health effects of microplastics on the human body. Henan Univ J Med Edn 42(03):157\u2013162","journal-title":"Henan Univ J Med Edn"},{"issue":"04","key":"4224_CR43","first-page":"131","volume":"18","author":"FX Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun FX, Qi X, Wang J et al (2023) Research progress on the toxic effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Ecotoxicology 18(04):131\u2013140","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"4224_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140218","volume":"742","author":"Q Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun Q, Ren SY, Ni HG (2020) Incidence of microplastics in personal care products: an appreciable part of plastic pollution. Sci Total Environ 742:140218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140218","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"19","key":"4224_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12285","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02608","volume":"54","author":"H Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan H, Yue T, Xu Y, Zhao J, Xing B (2020) Microplastics reduce lipid digestion in simulated human gastrointestinal system. Environ Sci Technol 54(19):12285\u201312294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.0c02608","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"6525","key":"4224_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd6951","volume":"371","author":"Z Tian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tian Z, Zhao H, Peter KT, Gonzalez M, Wetzel J, Wu C, Hu X, Prat J, Mudrock E, Hettinger R, Cortina AE, Biswas RG, Kock FVC, Soong R, Jenne A, Du B, Hou F, He H, Lundeen R, Gilbreath A, Sutton R, Scholz NL, Davis JW, Dodd MC, Simpson A, McIntyre JK, Kolodziej EP (2021) A ubiquitous tire rubber-derived chemical induces acute mortality in coho salmon. Science 371(6525):185\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abd6951","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"4224_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45054-w","volume":"9","author":"A Vianello","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vianello A, Jensen RL, Liu L, Vollertsen J (2019) Simulating human exposure to indoor airborne microplastics using a breathing thermal manikin. Sci Rep 9(1):8670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-45054-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4224_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.051","volume":"139","author":"S Wagner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wagner S, H\u00fcffer T, Kl\u00f6ckner P, Wehrhahn M, Hofmann T, Reemtsma T (2018) Tire wear particles in the aquatic environment - a review on generation, analysis, occurrence, fate and effects. Water Res 139:83\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.051","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"4224_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132467","volume":"288","author":"S Wagner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wagner S, Kl\u00f6ckner P, Reemtsma T (2022) Aging of tire and road wear particles in terrestrial and freshwater environments - a review on processes, testing, analysis and impact. Chemosphere 288(Pt 2):132467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132467","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"06","key":"4224_CR50","first-page":"69","volume":"17","author":"N Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang N, Wang M, Xu CX et al (2022) Chronic toxicity of tire microplastics with different particle sizes on Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicology 17(06):69\u201376","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"12","key":"4224_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6634","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00423","volume":"51","author":"SL Wright","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wright SL, Kelly FJ (2017) Plastic and human health: a micro issue? Environ Sci Technol 51(12):6634\u20136647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.7b00423","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"4224_CR52","unstructured":"Wu HY (2024) Study on the inflammatory effect and mechanism induced by tire wear particles leachate through gut-liver axis in male rana temporaria. Master's Thesis, Hangzhou Normal University"},{"key":"4224_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu XY (2024) Toxic effects of tire wear particles on soil physicochemical properties and rice growth. Master's Thesis, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.27176\/d.cnki.gnfyc.2024.000115","DOI":"10.27176\/d.cnki.gnfyc.2024.000115"},{"key":"4224_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.118018","volume":"244","author":"H Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan H, Zhang LQ, Liu L et al (2021) Investigation of the external conditions and material compositions affecting the formation mechanism and size distribution of tire wear particles. Atmos Environ 244:112914","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"issue":"01","key":"4224_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.19316\/j.issn.1002-6002.2024.01.04","volume":"40","author":"WQ Yin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yin WQ, Xiong XG, Li GL et al (2024) Research trends and hotspots of soil microplastics in the environment: a visual study. China Environ Monit 40(01):30\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19316\/j.issn.1002-6002.2024.01.04","journal-title":"China Environ Monit"},{"key":"4224_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144010","volume":"756","author":"GM Zarus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zarus GM, Muianga C, Hunter CM, Pappas RS (2021) A review of data for quantifying human exposures to micro and nanoplastics and potential health risks. Sci Total Environ 756:144010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144010","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4224_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2018.02.015","volume":"22","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou Q, Zhang HB, Fu CC et al (2018) The distribution and morphology of microplastics in coastal soils adjacent to the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Geoderma 22:201\u2013208","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"02","key":"4224_CR58","first-page":"1134","volume":"44","author":"LN Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu LN, Li YB, Guo CX (2024) Research progress on respiratory exposure to environmental microplastics and their health effects. China Environ Sci 44(02):1134\u20131143","journal-title":"China Environ Sci"},{"issue":"19","key":"4224_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12871","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c03618","volume":"55","author":"X Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu X, Huang W, Fang M, Liao Z, Wang Y, Xu L, Mu Q, Shi C, Lu C, Deng H, Dahlgren R, Shang X (2021) Airborne microplastic concentrations in five megacities of Northern and Southeast China. Environ Sci Technol 55(19):12871\u201312881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.1c03618","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"}],"container-title":["Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00128-026-04224-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00128-026-04224-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00128-026-04224-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T07:21:31Z","timestamp":1778052091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00128-026-04224-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00128-026-04224-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-4861","1432-0800"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-4861","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0800","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"76"}}