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Therefore, ecotoxicity tests are essential to assess environmental contamination. This study evaluated the ecotoxicological impacts, through acute and chronic tests on different organisms, of raw landfill leachate, leachate treated with ammonia stripping and activated sludge, and leachate post-treated by coagulation\u2013flocculation\u2013sedimentation (CFS) and adsorption using powdered activated carbon (PAC). Tests with\n                    <jats:italic>P. subcapitata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C. dubia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>D. magna<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>A. salina<\/jats:italic>\n                    indicated that biologically treated leachate exhibited lower toxicity than raw leachate. However, during post-treatment with CFS combined with PAC adsorption, despite the significant removal of recalcitrant compounds, toxicity increased for\n                    <jats:italic>P. subcapitata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C. dubia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>D. magna<\/jats:italic>\n                    , likely due to residual metals and chlorides from the coagulant and acidifier. Among the tested organisms,\n                    <jats:italic>A. salina<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited responses that differed from those of the other species, with a gradual decrease in toxicity observed after each treatment stage. This behavior may be partially associated with its marine origin and potential tolerance to chlorides.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-026-04250-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T13:45:18Z","timestamp":1781617518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ecotoxicological Assessment of Landfill Leachate Treated by Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation and Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Jandiara Damaris Campos","family":"Pozzetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4278-0490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renan Borelli","family":"Galv\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vilson Gomes","family":"da Assun\u00e7\u00e3o J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Em\u00edlia Kiyomi","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4250_CR1","unstructured":"ABNT (2021) ASSOCIA\u00c7\u00c3O BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS T\u00c9CNICAS. 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