{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T16:25:59Z","timestamp":1782231959657,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthop\u00e4de"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Hintergrund<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Die labordiagnostische Untersuchung stellt eine wichtige M\u00f6glichkeit zur Beurteilung und Optimierung der Leistungs- und Regenerationsf\u00e4higkeit professioneller Athleten dar. Ferner ist sie f\u00fcr die Pr\u00e4vention, Diagnostik und Rehabilitation von Verletzungen und \u00dcberbelastungen von Bedeutung.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Fragestellung<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Darstellung muskuloskelettaler laborchemischer Parameter, die relevante Erkenntnisse f\u00fcr die medizinische Betreuung von Leistungssportlern liefern.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Material und Methoden<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Literaturrecherche und narratives Review.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Ergebnisse<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Die Bestimmung des Vitamin-D-, Calcium- und Knochenstoffwechsels stellt die laborchemische Basisdiagnostik im Rahmen der Beurteilung des Skelettstatus mit zus\u00e4tzlichem pr\u00e4ventivem Nutzen bez\u00fcglich muskuloskelettaler Verletzungen dar. Ferner k\u00f6nnen muskul\u00e4re Serummarker, z.\u202fB. Laktatdehydrogenase (LDH), Kreatinkinase (CK), Myoglobin und Aspartat-Aminotransferase (ASAT), helfen, eine metabolische Adaptation an das physische Training festzustellen und Aussagen \u00fcber die muskul\u00e4re Arbeitslast und m\u00f6gliche Sch\u00e4digungen zu gewinnen. Die Energieverf\u00fcgbarkeit kann durch eine entsprechende Bilanzierung sowie die laborchemische Bestimmung der Makro- und Mikron\u00e4hrstoffe eingesch\u00e4tzt und optimiert werden.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Schlussfolgerungen<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Die labordiagnostische Untersuchung besitzt in der Betreuung von Athleten eine sportarten\u00fcbergreifende klinische Relevanz. Sie dient der Erreichung einer h\u00f6chstm\u00f6glichen Leistungsf\u00e4higkeit sowie optimalen Pr\u00e4vention von Knochen- und Muskelverletzungen, wobei s\u00e4mtliche Mangelzust\u00e4nde (z.\u202fB. Vitamin\u00a0D) ausgeglichen werden sollten. Durch eine Periodisierung der laborchemischen Untersuchungen, mit zumindest zwei Labordiagnostiken im Jahr, und Aufstellung individueller Variabilit\u00e4ts- und Referenzbereiche kann ferner eine bessere Beurteilbarkeit erreicht werden.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-021-04072-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T14:11:33Z","timestamp":1614003093000},"page":"700-712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Muskuloskelettale Labordiagnostik im Leistungssport","Musculoskeletal laboratory diagnostics in competitive sport"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Maximilian M.","family":"Delsmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"St\u00fcrznickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Amling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ueblacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Rolvien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4072_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2018.10.011","volume":"22","author":"JP Darche","year":"2019","unstructured":"Darche\u00a0JP, Murray\u00a0MJ, Bridges\u00a0KM, Noland\u00a0J, Greiner\u00a0KA (2019) Assessing the utility of yearly pre-season laboratory screening for athletes on a\u00a0major professional sports team. J\u00a0Sci Med Sport 22(4):484\u2013487","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"6","key":"4072_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.051193","volume":"43","author":"JL Cook","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cook\u00a0JL, Purdam\u00a0CR (2009) Is tendon pathology a\u00a0continuum? A pathology model to explain the clinical presentation of load-induced tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med 43(6):409\u2013416","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4072_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1593","volume":"13","author":"M Zaidi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zaidi\u00a0M (2007) Skeletal remodeling in health and disease. Nat Med 13(7):791\u2013801","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4072_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071606","volume":"11","author":"G Cormick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cormick G, Belizan JM (2019) Calcium intake and health. Nutrients 11(7):1606","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"22","key":"4072_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8567","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228567","volume":"17","author":"A Ksiazek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ksiazek A, Zagrodna A, Slowinska-Lisowska M (2020) Assessment of the dietary intake of high-rank professional male football players during a\u00a0preseason training week. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(22):8567","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"4072_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1319","volume":"97","author":"EA Imel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Imel\u00a0EA, Econs\u00a0MJ (2012) Approach to the hypophosphatemic patient. J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab 97(3):696\u2013706","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"4072_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090728","volume":"25","author":"M Priemel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Priemel\u00a0M, von Domarus\u00a0C, Klatte\u00a0TO, Kessler\u00a0S, Schlie\u00a0J, Meier\u00a0S, Proksch\u00a0N, Pastor\u00a0F, Netter\u00a0C, Streichert\u00a0T, Puschel\u00a0K, Amling\u00a0M (2010) Bone mineralization defects and vitamin D deficiency: histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest bone biopsies and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 675\u00a0patients. J\u00a0Bone Miner Res 25(2):305\u2013312","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4072_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.0301264","volume":"19","author":"T Shimada","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shimada\u00a0T, Hasegawa\u00a0H, Yamazaki\u00a0Y, Muto\u00a0T, Hino\u00a0R, Takeuchi\u00a0Y, Fujita\u00a0T, Nakahara\u00a0K, Fukumoto\u00a0S, Yamashita\u00a0T (2004) FGF-23 is a\u00a0potent regulator of vitamin D metabolism and phosphate homeostasis. J\u00a0Bone Miner Res 19(3):429\u2013435","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4072_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.09.004","volume":"32","author":"BC Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silva\u00a0BC, Cusano\u00a0NE, Bilezikian\u00a0JP (2018) Primary hyperparathyroidism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 32(5):593\u2013607","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"4072_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200419081","volume":"113","author":"T Shimada","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shimada\u00a0T, Kakitani\u00a0M, Yamazaki\u00a0Y, Hasegawa\u00a0H, Takeuchi\u00a0Y, Fujita\u00a0T, Fukumoto\u00a0S, Tomizuka\u00a0K, Yamashita\u00a0T (2004) Targeted ablation of Fgf23 demonstrates an essential physiological role of FGF23 in phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. J\u00a0Clin Invest 113(4):561\u2013568","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"4072_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-121748","volume":"31","author":"S Butscheidt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Butscheidt\u00a0S, Rolvien\u00a0T, Ueblacker\u00a0P, Amling\u00a0M, Barvencik\u00a0F (2017) Impact of vitamin D in sports: does vitamin D insufficiency compromise athletic performance? Sportverletz Sportschaden 31(1):37\u201344","journal-title":"Sportverletz Sportschaden"},{"issue":"4","key":"4072_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06040710","volume":"6","author":"J Cunningham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cunningham\u00a0J, Locatelli\u00a0F, Rodriguez\u00a0M (2011) Secondary hyperparathyroidism: pathogenesis, disease progression, and therapeutic options. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6(4):913\u2013921","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4072_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2335-4","volume":"24","author":"J Keller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keller\u00a0J, Schinke\u00a0T (2013) The role of the gastrointestinal tract in calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling. Osteoporos Int 24(11):2737\u20132748","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"4072_CR14","first-page":"9","volume":"12","author":"K Williams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Williams\u00a0K, Askew\u00a0C, Mazoue\u00a0C, Guy\u00a0J, Torres-McGehee\u00a0TM, Jackson\u00a0IJB (2020) Vitamin D3 supplementation and stress fractures in high-risk collegiate athletes\u2014a pilot study. Orthop Res Rev 12:9\u201317","journal-title":"Orthop Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4072_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.08.002","volume":"55","author":"JR Miller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller\u00a0JR, Dunn\u00a0KW, Ciliberti\u00a0LJ Jr., Patel\u00a0RD, Swanson\u00a0BA (2016) Association of vitamin D with stress fractures: a retrospective cohort study. J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg 55(1):117\u2013120","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4072_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080102","volume":"23","author":"J Lappe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lappe\u00a0J, Cullen\u00a0D, Haynatzki\u00a0G, Recker\u00a0R, Ahlf\u00a0R, Thompson\u00a0K (2008) Calcium and vitamin d supplementation decreases incidence of stress fractures in female navy recruits. J\u00a0Bone Miner Res 23(5):741\u2013749","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4072_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1139\/h2012-037","volume":"37","author":"JP Morton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morton\u00a0JP, Iqbal\u00a0Z, Drust\u00a0B, Burgess\u00a0D, Close\u00a0GL, Brukner\u00a0PD (2012) Seasonal variation in vitamin D status in professional soccer players of the English Premier League. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 37(4):798\u2013802","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"4072_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2018.1520055","volume":"47","author":"P Bauer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bauer\u00a0P, Henni\u00a0S, Dorr\u00a0O, Bauer\u00a0T, Hamm\u00a0CW, Most\u00a0A (2019) High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in professional handball athletes. Phys Sportsmed 47(1):71\u201377","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"issue":"5","key":"4072_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514567297","volume":"43","author":"JC Maroon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maroon\u00a0JC, Mathyssek\u00a0CM, Bost\u00a0JW, Amos\u00a0A, Winkelman\u00a0R, Yates\u00a0AP, Duca\u00a0MA, Norwig\u00a0JA (2015) Vitamin D profile in National Football League players. Am J Sports Med 43(5):1241\u20131245","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4072_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.03.007","volume":"17","author":"MA Wyon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wyon\u00a0MA, Koutedakis\u00a0Y, Wolman\u00a0R, Nevill\u00a0AM, Allen\u00a0N (2014) The influence of winter vitamin D supplementation on muscle function and injury occurrence in elite ballet dancers: a\u00a0controlled study. J\u00a0Sci Med Sport 17(1):8\u201312","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"4072_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00373","volume":"9","author":"S Pilz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pilz\u00a0S, Marz\u00a0W, Cashman\u00a0KD, Kiely\u00a0ME, Whiting\u00a0SJ, Holick\u00a0MF, Grant\u00a0WB, Pludowski\u00a0P, Hiligsmann\u00a0M, Trummer\u00a0C, Schwetz\u00a0V, Lerchbaum\u00a0E, Pandis\u00a0M, Tomaschitz\u00a0A, Grubler\u00a0MR, Gaksch\u00a0M, Verheyen\u00a0N, Hollis\u00a0BW, Rejnmark\u00a0L, Karras\u00a0SN, Hahn\u00a0A, Bischoff-Ferrari\u00a0HA, Reichrath\u00a0J, Jorde\u00a0R, Elmadfa\u00a0I, Vieth\u00a0R, Scragg\u00a0R, Calvo\u00a0MS, van Schoor\u00a0NM, Bouillon\u00a0R, Lips\u00a0P, Itkonen\u00a0ST, Martineau\u00a0AR, Lamberg-Allardt\u00a0C, Zittermann\u00a0A (2018) Rationale and plan for vitamin D food fortification: a review and guidance paper. Front Endocrinol 9:373","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4072_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738112461621","volume":"4","author":"FD Shuler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shuler\u00a0FD, Wingate\u00a0MK, Moore\u00a0GH, Giangarra\u00a0C (2012) Sports health benefits of vitamin d. Sports Health 4(6):496\u2013501","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4072_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2016.09.003","volume":"8","author":"EA Gorter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gorter\u00a0EA, Krijnen\u00a0P, Schipper\u00a0IB (2017) Vitamin D status and adult fracture healing. J\u00a0Clin Orthop Trauma 8(1):34\u201337","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"8","key":"4072_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.2165\/11533090-000000000-00000","volume":"40","author":"G Banfi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Banfi\u00a0G, Lombardi\u00a0G, Colombini\u00a0A, Lippi\u00a0G (2010) Bone metabolism markers in sports medicine. Sports Med 40(8):697\u2013714","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"4072_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.05.046","volume":"82","author":"ML Zoch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zoch\u00a0ML, Clemens\u00a0TL, Riddle\u00a0RC (2016) New insights into the biology of osteocalcin. Bone 82:42\u201349","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"4072_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.047","volume":"130","author":"NK Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee\u00a0NK, Sowa\u00a0H, Hinoi\u00a0E, Ferron\u00a0M, Ahn\u00a0JD, Confavreux\u00a0C, Dacquin\u00a0R, Mee\u00a0PJ, McKee\u00a0MD, Jung\u00a0DY, Zhang\u00a0Z, Kim\u00a0JK, Mauvais-Jarvis\u00a0F, Ducy\u00a0P, Karsenty\u00a0G (2007) Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton. Cell 130(3):456\u2013469","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"4072_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.004","volume":"144","author":"F Oury","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oury\u00a0F, Sumara\u00a0G, Sumara\u00a0O, Ferron\u00a0M, Chang\u00a0H, Smith\u00a0CE, Hermo\u00a0L, Suarez\u00a0S, Roth\u00a0BL, Ducy\u00a0P, Karsenty\u00a0G (2011) Endocrine regulation of male fertility by the skeleton. Cell 144(5):796\u2013809","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"4072_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410410001716698","volume":"22","author":"L Maimoun","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maimoun\u00a0L, Mariano-Goulart\u00a0D, Couret\u00a0I, Manetta\u00a0J, Peruchon\u00a0E, Micallef\u00a0JP, Verdier\u00a0R, Rossi\u00a0M, Leroux\u00a0JL (2004) Rationale and plan for vitamin D food fortification: a review and guidance paper. J Sports Sci 22(9):875\u2013883","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"4072_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.2.565","volume":"90","author":"DL Creighton","year":"1985","unstructured":"Creighton\u00a0DL, Morgan\u00a0AL, Boardley\u00a0D, Brolinson\u00a0PG (1985) Weight-bearing exercise and markers of bone turnover in female athletes. J\u00a0Appl Physiol 90(2):565\u2013570","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4072_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2018.42.3.441","volume":"42","author":"SG Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park\u00a0SG, Jeong\u00a0SU, Lee\u00a0JH, Ryu\u00a0SH, Jeong\u00a0HJ, Sim\u00a0YJ, Kim\u00a0DK, Kim\u00a0GC (2018) The changes of CTX, DPD, osteocalcin, and bone mineral density during the postmenopausal period. Ann Rehabil Med 42(3):441\u2013448","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4072_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2485-4","volume":"25","author":"M Bayer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bayer\u00a0M (2014) Reference values of osteocalcin and procollagen type I N\u2011propeptide plasma levels in a\u00a0healthy Central European population aged 0\u201318\u00a0years. Osteoporos Int 25(2):729\u2013736","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"4072_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2010.179","volume":"48","author":"P Brancaccio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brancaccio\u00a0P, Lippi\u00a0G, Maffulli\u00a0N (2010) Biochemical markers of muscular damage. Clin Chem Lab Med 48(6):757\u2013767","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4072_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.020719","volume":"40","author":"P Brancaccio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brancaccio\u00a0P, Limongelli\u00a0FM, Maffulli\u00a0N (2006) Monitoring of serum enzymes in sport. Br J Sports Med 40(2):96\u201397","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"4072_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.07.021","volume":"45","author":"J Kilianski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kilianski\u00a0J, Peeters\u00a0S, Debad\u00a0J, Mohmed\u00a0J, Wolf\u00a0SE, Minei\u00a0JP, Diaz-Arrastia\u00a0R, Gatson\u00a0JW (2017) Plasma creatine kinase B correlates with injury severity and symptoms in professional boxers. J\u00a0Clin Neurosci 45:100\u2013104","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"4072_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1280776","volume":"32","author":"T Meyer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meyer\u00a0T, Meister\u00a0S (2011) Routine blood parameters in elite soccer players. Int J Sports Med 32(11):875\u2013881","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4072_CR36","first-page":"8","volume":"51","author":"A Urhausen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Urhausen\u00a0A, Kindermann\u00a0W (2000) Aktuelle Marker f\u00fcr die Diagnostik von \u00dcberlastungszust\u00e4nden in der Trainingspraxis. Dtsch Z Sportmed 51(7):8","journal-title":"Dtsch Z Sportmed"},{"key":"4072_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldm014","volume":"81\u201382","author":"P Brancaccio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brancaccio\u00a0P, Maffulli\u00a0N, Limongelli\u00a0FM (2007) Creatine kinase monitoring in sport medicine. Br Med Bull 81\u201382:209\u2013230","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"4072_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.5717\/jenb.2015.15061910","volume":"19","author":"J Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim\u00a0J, Lee\u00a0J (2015) The relationship of creatine kinase variability with body composition and muscle damage markers following eccentric muscle contractions. J\u00a0Exerc Nutrition Biochem 19(2):123\u2013129","journal-title":"J Exerc Nutrition Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4072_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2007.09.005","volume":"27","author":"P Brancaccio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brancaccio\u00a0P, Maffulli\u00a0N, Buonauro\u00a0R, Limongelli\u00a0FM (2008) Serum enzyme monitoring in sports medicine. Clin Sports Med 27(1):1\u201318, vii.","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4072_CR40","first-page":"306","volume":"41","author":"B Klapcinska","year":"2001","unstructured":"Klapcinska\u00a0B, Iskra\u00a0J, Poprzecki\u00a0S, Grzesiok\u00a0K (2001) The effects of sprint (300\u202fm) running on plasma lactate, uric acid, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in competitive hurdlers and untrained men. J\u00a0Sports Med Phys Fitness 41(3):306\u2013311","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"3","key":"4072_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199622030-00003","volume":"22","author":"LV Billat","year":"1996","unstructured":"Billat\u00a0LV (1996) Use of blood lactate measurements for prediction of exercise performance and for control of training. Recommendations for long-distance running. Sports Med 22(3):157\u2013175","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"4072_CR42","first-page":"297","volume":"59","author":"H Heck","year":"2008","unstructured":"Heck\u00a0H, Beneke\u00a0R (2008) 30\u00a0Jahre Laktatschwellen\u2014was bleibt zu tun? Dtsch Z Sportmed 59(12):297","journal-title":"Dtsch Z Sportmed"},{"issue":"10-11","key":"4072_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2008.04.008","volume":"41","author":"A Ascensao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ascensao\u00a0A, Rebelo\u00a0A, Oliveira\u00a0E, Marques\u00a0F, Pereira\u00a0L, Magalhaes\u00a0J (2008) Biochemical impact of a\u00a0soccer match\u2014analysis of oxidative stress and muscle damage markers throughout recovery. Clin Biochem 41(10-11):841\u2013851","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"4072_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.733822","volume":"31","author":"GL Close","year":"2013","unstructured":"Close\u00a0GL, Russell\u00a0J, Cobley\u00a0JN, Owens\u00a0DJ, Wilson\u00a0G, Gregson\u00a0W, Fraser\u00a0WD, Morton\u00a0JP (2013) Assessment of vitamin D concentration in non-supplemented professional athletes and healthy adults during the winter months in the UK: implications for skeletal muscle function. J\u00a0Sport Sci 31(4):344\u2013353","journal-title":"J Sport Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4072_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0215826","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215826","volume":"14","author":"L Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang\u00a0L, Quan\u00a0M, Cao\u00a0ZB (2019) Effect of vitamin D supplementation on upper and lower limb muscle strength and muscle power in athletes: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 14(4):e215826","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"4072_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B12.22481","volume":"91","author":"JH Oh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oh\u00a0JH, Kim\u00a0SH, Kim\u00a0JH, Shin\u00a0YH, Yoon\u00a0JP, Oh\u00a0CH (2009) The level of vitamin D in the serum correlates with fatty degeneration of the muscles of the rotator cuff. J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br 91(12):1587\u20131593","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"4072_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422419000064","volume":"32","author":"KR Montenegro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Montenegro\u00a0KR, Cruzat\u00a0V, Carlessi\u00a0R, Newsholme\u00a0P (2019) Mechanisms of vitamin D action in skeletal muscle. Nutr Res Rev 32(2):192\u2013204","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"4072_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04104-x","volume":"119","author":"KP Dzik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dzik\u00a0KP, Kaczor\u00a0JJ (2019) Mechanisms of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function: oxidative stress, energy metabolism and anabolic state. Eur J Appl Physiol 119(4):825\u2013839","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4072_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.02.007","volume":"33","author":"M Redzic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Redzic\u00a0M, Lewis\u00a0RM, Thomas\u00a0DT (2013) Relationship between 25-hydoxyvitamin D, muscle strength, and incidence of injury in healthy adults: a\u00a0systematic review. Nutr Res 33(4):251\u2013258","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4072_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01161-2","volume":"49","author":"C Sale","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sale\u00a0C, Elliott-Sale\u00a0KJ (2019) Nutrition and athlete bone health. Sports Med 49(Suppl 2):139\u2013151","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4072_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092190104","volume":"219","author":"HM Frost","year":"1987","unstructured":"Frost\u00a0HM (1987) Bone \u201cmass\u201d and the \u201cmechanostat\u201d: a\u00a0proposal. Anat Rec 219(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"8","key":"4072_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040410","volume":"19","author":"R Ihle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ihle\u00a0R, Loucks\u00a0AB (2004) Dose-response relationships between energy availability and bone turnover in young exercising women. J\u00a0Bone Miner Res 19(8):1231\u20131240","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4072_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-017-0076-1","volume":"3","author":"J Heydenreich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heydenreich\u00a0J, Kayser\u00a0B, Schutz\u00a0Y, Melzer\u00a0K (2017) Total energy expenditure, energy intake, and body composition in endurance athletes across the training season: a systematic review. Sports Med Open 3(1):8","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"4072_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738112439685","volume":"4","author":"TG Nazem","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nazem\u00a0TG, Ackerman\u00a0KE (2012) The female athlete triad. Sports Health 4(4):302\u2013311","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"4072_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093502","volume":"48","author":"M Mountjoy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mountjoy\u00a0M, Sundgot-Borgen\u00a0J, Burke\u00a0L, Carter\u00a0S, Constantini\u00a0N, Lebrun\u00a0C, Meyer\u00a0N, Sherman\u00a0R, Steffen\u00a0K, Budgett\u00a0R, Ljungqvist\u00a0A (2014) The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad\u2014Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). Br J Sports Med 48(7):491\u2013497","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4072_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.5960\/dzsm.2020.422","volume":"71","author":"AS Tenforde","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tenforde\u00a0AS, Beauchesne\u00a0AR, Borg-Stein\u00a0J, Hollander\u00a0K, McInnis\u00a0K, Kotler\u00a0D, Ackerman\u00a0KE (2020) Awareness and comfort treating the female athlete triad and relative energy deficency in sport among healthcare providers. Dtsch Z Sportmed 71(3):76\u201380","journal-title":"Dtsch Z Sportmed"},{"issue":"1","key":"4072_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517730584","volume":"46","author":"AS Tenforde","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tenforde\u00a0AS, Parziale\u00a0AL, Popp\u00a0KL, Ackerman\u00a0KE (2018) Low Bone mineral density in male athletes is associated with Bone stress injuries at anatomic sites with greater trabecular composition. Am J Sports Med 46(1):30\u201336","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"4072_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-017-0177-8","volume":"14","author":"R Jager","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jager\u00a0R, Kerksick\u00a0CM, Campbell\u00a0BI, Cribb\u00a0PJ, Wells\u00a0SD, Skwiat\u00a0TM, Purpura\u00a0M, Ziegenfuss\u00a0TN, Ferrando\u00a0AA, Arent\u00a0SM, Smith-Ryan\u00a0AE, Stout\u00a0JR, Arciero\u00a0PJ, Ormsbee\u00a0MJ, Taylor\u00a0LW, Wilborn\u00a0CD, Kalman\u00a0DS, Kreider\u00a0RB, Willoughby\u00a0DS, Hoffman\u00a0JR, Krzykowski\u00a0JL, Antonio\u00a0J (2017) International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise. J\u00a0Int Soc Sports Nutr 14:20","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"4072_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002122","volume":"31","author":"EC Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee\u00a0EC, Fragala\u00a0MS, Kavouras\u00a0SA, Queen\u00a0RM, Pryor\u00a0JL, Casa\u00a0DJ (2017) Biomarkers in sports and exercise: tracking health, performance, and recovery in athletes. J\u00a0Strength Cond Res 31(10):2920\u20132937","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"Suppl\u00a02","key":"4072_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01158-x","volume":"49","author":"CR Pedlar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pedlar CR, Newell J, Lewis NA (2019) Blood Biomarker profiling and monitoring for high-performance physiology and nutrition: current perspectives, limitations and recommendations. Sports Med 49(Suppl\u00a02):185\u2013198","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4072_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2019.11.002","volume":"47","author":"SM Statuta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Statuta\u00a0SM, Wood\u00a0CL, Rollins\u00a0LK (2020) Common medical concerns of the female athlete. Prim Care 47(1):65\u201385","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"4072_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7040088","volume":"7","author":"P Neidel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neidel P, Wolfram P, Hotfiel T, Engelhardt M, Koch R, Lee G, Zwingenberger S (2019) Cross-sectional investigation of stress fractures in German elite triathletes. Sports (Basel) 7(4):88","journal-title":"Sports (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"4072_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7042324","volume":"7","author":"L Toxqui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toxqui\u00a0L, Vaquero\u00a0MP (2015) Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: a\u00a0hypothesis. Nutrients 7(4):2324\u20132344","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"4072_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.12.027","volume":"23","author":"D Nabhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nabhan D, Bielko S, Sinex JA, Surhoff K, Moreau WJ, Schumacher YO, Bahr R, Chapman RF (2019) Serum ferritin distribution in elite athletes. J\u00a0Sci Med Sport 23(6):554\u2013558","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"4072_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2017.1416178","volume":"18","author":"CR Pedlar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pedlar\u00a0CR, Brugnara\u00a0C, Bruinvels\u00a0G, Burden\u00a0R (2018) Iron balance and iron supplementation for the female athlete: a practical approach. Eur J Sport Sci 18(2):295\u2013305","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"4072_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8199","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7095388","volume":"7","author":"U Grober","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grober\u00a0U, Schmidt\u00a0J, Kisters\u00a0K (2015) Magnesium in prevention and therapy. Nutrients 7(9):8199\u20138226","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"4072_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020385","volume":"20","author":"F Mammoli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mammoli F, Castiglioni S, Parenti S, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Iotti S, Davalli P, Maier JAM, Grande A, Frassineti C (2019) Magnesium is a\u00a0key regulator of the balance between osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation in the presence of vitamin D(3). Int J Mol Sci 20(2):385","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"4072_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9090946","volume":"9","author":"YJ Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang YJ, Xun PC, Wang R, Mao LJ, He K (2017) Can magnesium enhance exercise performance? Nutrients 9(9):946","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"4072_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081927","volume":"11","author":"A Cordova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cordova A, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Roche E, Caballero-Garcia A, Fernandez-Lazaro D (2019) Impact of magnesium supplementation in muscle damage of professional cyclists competing in a\u00a0stage race. Nutrients 11(8):1927","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"4072_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2000.10718070","volume":"19","author":"JZ Ilich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ilich\u00a0JZ, Kerstetter\u00a0JE (2000) Nutrition in bone health revisited: a\u00a0story beyond calcium. J\u00a0Am Coll Nutr 19(6):715\u2013737","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"4072_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131080-00002","volume":"31","author":"A Micheletti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Micheletti\u00a0A, Rossi\u00a0R, Rufini\u00a0S (2001) Zinc status in athletes: relation to diet and exercise. Sports Med 31(8):577\u2013582","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4072_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7070084","volume":"7","author":"M Parra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parra M, Stahl S, Hellmann H (2018) Vitamin B(6) and its role in cell metabolism and physiology. Cells 7(7):84","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"4072_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.003392","volume":"4","author":"YM Chan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan\u00a0YM, Bailey\u00a0R, O\u2019Connor\u00a0DL (2013) Folate. Adv Nutr 4(1):123\u2013125","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4072_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2005.20.1.152","volume":"20","author":"KL Tucker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tucker\u00a0KL, Hannan\u00a0MT, Qiao\u00a0N, Jacques\u00a0PF, Selhub\u00a0J, Cupples\u00a0LA, Kiel\u00a0DP (2005) Low plasma vitamin B12 is associated with lower BMD: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. J\u00a0Bone Miner Res 20(1):152\u2013158","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"4072_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72606","volume":"124","author":"P Roman-Garcia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roman-Garcia\u00a0P, Quiros-Gonzalez\u00a0I, Mottram\u00a0L, Lieben\u00a0L, Sharan\u00a0K, Wangwiwatsin\u00a0A, Tubio\u00a0J, Lewis\u00a0K, Wilkinson\u00a0D, Santhanam\u00a0B, Sarper\u00a0N, Clare\u00a0S, Vassiliou\u00a0GS, Velagapudi\u00a0VR, Dougan\u00a0G, Yadav\u00a0VK (2014) Vitamin B(1)(2)-dependent taurine synthesis regulates growth and bone mass. J\u00a0Clin Invest 124(7):2988\u20133002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"4072_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-148-18","volume":"54","author":"FA Cadegiani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cadegiani\u00a0FA, Kater\u00a0CE (2019) Basal hormones and biochemical markers as predictors of overtraining syndrome in male athletes: the EROS-BASAL study. J\u00a0Athl Train 54(8):906\u2013914","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"10","key":"4072_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2018-1107","volume":"57","author":"B Lombardo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lombardo\u00a0B, Izzo\u00a0V, Terracciano\u00a0D, Ranieri\u00a0A, Mazzaccara\u00a0C, Fimiani\u00a0F, Cesaro\u00a0A, Gentile\u00a0L, Leggiero\u00a0E, Pero\u00a0R, Izzo\u00a0B, D\u2019Alicandro\u00a0AC, Ercolini\u00a0D, D\u2019Alicandro\u00a0G, Frisso\u00a0G, Pastore\u00a0L, Calabro\u00a0P, Scudiero\u00a0O (2019) Laboratory medicine: health evaluation in elite athletes. Clin Chem Lab Med 57(10):1450\u20131473","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"}],"container-title":["Der Orthop\u00e4de"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00132-021-04072-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00132-021-04072-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00132-021-04072-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T13:05:04Z","timestamp":1674997504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00132-021-04072-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["4072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00132-021-04072-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0085-4530","1433-0431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0085-4530","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 January 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"M.M.\u00a0Delsmann, J.\u00a0St\u00fcrznickel, M.\u00a0Amling, P.\u00a0Ueblacker und T.\u00a0Rolvien geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}},{"value":"F\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr die aufgef\u00fchrten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}}]}}