{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T11:27:59Z","timestamp":1745926079955},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthop\u00e4de"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-021-04124-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T10:02:42Z","timestamp":1624356162000},"page":"511-519","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Achsdeformit\u00e4ten der unteren Extremit\u00e4t in der Frontalebene"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Ehnert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Stief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Meurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"4124_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson M, Green WT, Messner MB (1963) Growth and predictions of growth in the lower extremities. J Bone Joint Surg Am 45-a:1\u201314","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196345010-00001"},{"key":"4124_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37724","volume":"65","author":"TP Andriacchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andriacchi\u00a0TP (2013) Valgus alignment and lateral compartment knee osteoarthritis: a\u00a0biomechanical paradox or new insight into knee osteoarthritis? Arthritis Rheum 65:310\u2013313","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"4124_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000240365.16842.4e","volume":"18","author":"TP Andriacchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andriacchi\u00a0TP, M\u00fcndermann\u00a0A (2006) The role of ambulatory mechanics in the initiation and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 18:514\u2013518","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"4124_CR4","unstructured":"Andry N (1744) Orthop\u00e4die oder die Kunst bey den Kindern die Ungestaltheit des Leibes zu verh\u00fcten. Wessinghage D (Hrsg) Stuttgart, Berlin"},{"key":"4124_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1936-5","volume":"470","author":"J Bellemans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bellemans\u00a0J, Colyn\u00a0W, Vandenneucker\u00a0H et\u00a0al (2012) The Chitranjan Ranawat award: is neutral mechanical alignment normal for all patients? The concept of constitutional varus. Clin Orthop Relat Res 470:45\u201353","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4124_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199205000-00015","volume":"12","author":"JR Bowen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bowen\u00a0JR, Torres\u00a0RR, Forlin\u00a0E (1992) Partial epiphysiodesis to address genu varum or genu valgum. J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop 12:359\u2013364","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"4124_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22515","volume":"56","author":"GM Brouwer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brouwer\u00a0GM, Van Tol\u00a0AW, Bergink\u00a0AP et\u00a0al (2007) Association between valgus and varus alignment and the development and progression of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum 56:1204\u20131211","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"4124_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-008-0096-y","volume":"2","author":"RD Burghardt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Burghardt\u00a0RD, Herzenberg\u00a0JE, Standard\u00a0SC et\u00a0al (2008) Temporary hemiepiphyseal arrest using a\u00a0screw and plate device to treat knee and ankle deformities in children: a\u00a0preliminary report. J\u00a0Child Orthop 2:187\u2013197","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"4124_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B5.7559698","volume":"77","author":"JP Cahuzac","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cahuzac\u00a0JP, Vardon\u00a0D, Sales De Gauzy\u00a0J (1995) Development of the clinical tibiofemoral angle in normal adolescents. A study of 427 normal subjects from 10 to 16\u00a0years of age. J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br 77:729\u2013732","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"4124_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31817baab2","volume":"28","author":"V De Brauwer","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Brauwer\u00a0V, Moens\u00a0P (2008) Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis for idiopathic genua valga in adolescents: percutaneous transphyseal screws (PETS) versus stapling. J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop 28:549\u2013554","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"4124_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200102000-00007","volume":"13","author":"TT Do","year":"2001","unstructured":"Do\u00a0TT (2001) Clinical and radiographic evaluation of bowlegs. Curr Opin Pediatr 13:42\u201346","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"4124_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37726","volume":"65","author":"DT Felson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Felson\u00a0DT, Niu\u00a0J, Gross\u00a0KD et\u00a0al (2013) Valgus malalignment is a\u00a0risk factor for lateral knee osteoarthritis incidence and progression: findings from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study and the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Arthritis Rheum 65:355\u2013362","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"4124_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2087-2","volume":"21","author":"S Floerkemeier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Floerkemeier\u00a0S, Staubli\u00a0AE, Schroeter\u00a0S et al (2013) Outcome after high tibial open-wedge osteotomy: a\u00a0retrospective evaluation of 533\u00a0patients. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21:170\u2013180","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"4124_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4816-z","volume":"26","author":"ME Hantes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hantes\u00a0ME, Natsaridis\u00a0P, Koutalos\u00a0AA et al (2018) Satisfactory functional and radiological outcomes can be expected in young patients under 45\u00a0years old after open wedge high tibial osteotomy in a\u00a0long-term follow-up. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 26:3199\u20133205","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"4124_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1007\/s001320050531","volume":"29","author":"F Hefti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hefti\u00a0F (2000) Achsenfehler an den unteren Extremit\u00e4ten. Orthop\u00e4de 29:814\u2013820","journal-title":"Orthop\u00e4de"},{"key":"4124_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hsu RW, Himeno S, Coventry MB et al (1990) Normal axial alignment of the lower extremity and load-bearing distribution at the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 215\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-59373-4_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59373-4_1"},{"key":"4124_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3849-4","volume":"25","author":"A Khoshbin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khoshbin\u00a0A, Sheth\u00a0U, Ogilvie-Harris\u00a0D et al (2017) The effect of patient, provider and surgical factors on survivorship of high tibial osteotomy to total knee arthroplasty: a\u00a0population-based study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 25:887\u2013894","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"4124_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knapik DM, Sanders JO, Gilmore A et\u00a0al (2018) A quantitative method for the radiological assessment of skeletal maturity using the distal femur. Bone Joint J 100-b:1106\u20131111","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.100B8.BJJ-2017-1489.R1"},{"key":"4124_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00608-014-0151-5","volume":"49","author":"T Kraus","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kraus\u00a0T, Steinwender\u00a0G (2014) Kindliche Beinachsen und F\u00fc\u00dfe in ihrer physiologischen Entwicklung. P\u00e4diatrie P\u00e4dologie 49:8\u201313","journal-title":"P\u00e4diatrie P\u00e4dologie"},{"key":"4124_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1159\/000357280","volume":"6","author":"F Landauer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Landauer\u00a0F, Huber\u00a0G, Paulmichl\u00a0K et\u00a0al (2013) Timely diagnosis of malalignment of the distal extremities is crucial in morbidly obese juveniles. Obes Facts 6:542\u2013551","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"4124_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.48B2.336","volume":"48","author":"MB Menelaus","year":"1966","unstructured":"Menelaus\u00a0MB (1966) Correction of leg length discrepancy by epiphysial arrest. J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br 48:336\u2013339","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"4124_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.7.617","volume":"61","author":"T Miyazaki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Miyazaki\u00a0T, Wada\u00a0M, Kawahara\u00a0H et\u00a0al (2002) Dynamic load at baseline can predict radiographic disease progression in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 61:617\u2013622","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"4124_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200010000-00010","volume":"82","author":"D Paley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Paley\u00a0D, Bhave\u00a0A, Herzenberg\u00a0JE et al (2000) Multiplier method for predicting limb-length discrepancy. J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am 82:1432\u20131446","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4124_CR24","first-page":"18","volume":"29","author":"D Paley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Paley\u00a0D, Pfeil\u00a0J (2000) Prinzipien der kniegelenknahen Deformit\u00e4tenkorrektur. Orthop\u00e4de 29:18\u201338","journal-title":"Orthop\u00e4de"},{"key":"4124_CR25","volume-title":"Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist","author":"S Pyle","year":"1959","unstructured":"Pyle\u00a0S, Greulich\u00a0W (1959) Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist. University Press, Stanford"},{"key":"4124_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310100834","volume":"160","author":"P Raab","year":"2001","unstructured":"Raab\u00a0P, Wild\u00a0A, Seller\u00a0K et\u00a0al (2001) Correction of length discrepancies and angular deformities of the leg by Blount\u2019s epiphyseal stapling. Eur J Pediatr 160:668\u2013674","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"4124_CR27","first-page":"433","volume-title":"Korrektur von Achsabweichungen und L\u00e4ngendifferenzen der unteren Extremit\u00e4t im Wachstumsalter. Orthop\u00e4dische und Unfallchirurgische","author":"C Radler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Radler\u00a0C, Mindler\u00a0G, Rudolf\u00a0G (2016) Korrektur von Achsabweichungen und L\u00e4ngendifferenzen der unteren Extremit\u00e4t im Wachstumsalter. Orthop\u00e4dische und Unfallchirurgische. Praxis, , S\u00a0433\u2013445"},{"key":"4124_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557020-00021","volume":"57","author":"P Salenius","year":"1975","unstructured":"Salenius\u00a0P, Vankka\u00a0E (1975) The development of the tibiofemoral angle in children. J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am 57:259\u2013261","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4124_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Santoso M, Wu L (2017) Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, is it superior to high tibial osteotomy in treating unicompartmental osteoarthritis? A meta-analysis and systemic review. J\u00a0Orthop Surg Res 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-017-0552-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-017-0552-9"},{"key":"4124_CR30","first-page":"299","volume-title":"Achs- und Rotationsdeformit\u00e4ten. P\u00e4diatrie up2date 5","author":"P Schmid","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schmid\u00a0P (2010) Achs- und Rotationsdeformit\u00e4ten. P\u00e4diatrie up2date 5, S 299\u2013319"},{"key":"4124_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.129742","volume":"69","author":"L Sharma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sharma\u00a0L, Song\u00a0J, Dunlop\u00a0D et\u00a0al (2010) Varus and valgus alignment and incident and progressive knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 69:1940\u20131945","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"4124_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1148\/92.4.723","volume":"92","author":"CE Shopfner","year":"1969","unstructured":"Shopfner\u00a0CE, Coin\u00a0CG (1969) Genu varus and valgus in children. Radiology 92:723\u2013732","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"4124_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-008-0605-y","volume":"128","author":"ET Skytt\u00e4","year":"2008","unstructured":"Skytt\u00e4\u00a0ET, Savolainen\u00a0A, Kautiainen\u00a0HJ et\u00a0al (2008) Outcome after temporary physeal stapling for knee valgus deformity in children with JIA. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 128:1213\u20131216","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"4124_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24336","volume":"61","author":"S Tanamas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tanamas\u00a0S, Hanna\u00a0FS, Cicuttini\u00a0FM et\u00a0al (2009) Does knee malalignment increase the risk of development and progression of knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review. Arthritis Rheum 61:459\u2013467","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"4124_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-105767","volume":"12","author":"H Tretow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tretow\u00a0H, Vogt\u00a0B (2017) Kniegelenk Teil I \u2013 Achsendeformit\u00e4ten. Orthop Unfallchir Up2date 12:547\u2013566","journal-title":"Orthop Unfallchir Up2date"},{"key":"4124_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Der Woude JaD, Wiegant K, Van Roermund PM et\u00a0al. (2017) Five-Year Follow-up of Knee Joint Distraction: Clinical Benefit and Cartilaginous Tissue Repair in an Open Uncontrolled Prospective Study. Cartilage 8:263\u2013271","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603516665442"},{"key":"4124_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-014-2270-x","volume":"43","author":"B Vogt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vogt\u00a0B, Schiedel\u00a0F, R\u00f6dl\u00a0R (2014) Wachstumslenkung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Orthop\u00e4de 43:267\u2013284","journal-title":"Orthop\u00e4de"},{"key":"4124_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-007-1088-1","volume":"36","author":"B Westhoff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Westhoff\u00a0B, J\u00e4ger\u00a0M, Krauspe\u00a0R (2007) Kindliche Beinachsen. Orthop\u00e4de 36:485\u2013500","journal-title":"Orthop\u00e4de"}],"container-title":["Der Orthop\u00e4de"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00132-021-04124-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00132-021-04124-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00132-021-04124-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T17:03:17Z","timestamp":1624986197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00132-021-04124-6"}},"subtitle":["Von der physiologischen Entwicklung zum Pathologischen und zu m\u00f6glichen Langzeitfolgen"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00132-021-04124-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0085-4530","1433-0431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0085-4530","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 May 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"M.\u00a0Ehnert, F.\u00a0Stief und A.\u00a0Meurer geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}},{"value":"F\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr die aufgef\u00fchrten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}}]}}