{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T06:09:49Z","timestamp":1771654189877,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,17]],"date-time":"2012-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2753-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]],"date-time":"2012-11-16T16:21:57Z","timestamp":1353082917000},"page":"399-405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Rising serum sodium levels are associated with a concurrent development of metabolic alkalosis in critically ill patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Gregor","family":"Lindner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidelinde","family":"Gr\u00fcssing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Kneidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Fazekas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg-Christian","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2753_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422006","volume":"342","author":"HJ Adrogue","year":"2000","unstructured":"Adrogue HJ, Madias NE (2000) Hypernatremia. N Engl J Med 342:1493\u20131499","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2753_CR2","volume-title":"Clinical physiology of acid-base and electrolyte disorders","author":"BD Rose","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rose BD (2001) Clinical physiology of acid-base and electrolyte disorders. McGraw-Hill, New York"},{"key":"2753_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1983.tb05118.x","volume":"31","author":"DU Himmelstein","year":"1983","unstructured":"Himmelstein DU, Jones AA, Woolhandler S (1983) Hypernatremic dehydration in nursing home patients: an indicator of neglect. J Am Geriatr Soc 31:466\u2013471","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2753_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199906000-00005","volume":"27","author":"RH Sterns","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sterns RH (1999) Hypernatremia in the intensive care unit: instant quality\u2013just add water. Crit Care Med 27:1041\u20131042","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2753_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.08.016","volume":"50","author":"G Lindner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lindner G, Funk GC, Schwarz C, Kneidinger N, Kaider A, Schneeweiss B, Kramer L, Druml W (2007) Hypernatremia in the critically ill is an independent risk factor for mortality. Am J Kidney Dis 50:952\u2013957","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2753_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-1968-4","volume":"36","author":"G Lindner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lindner G, Funk GC, Lassnigg A, Mouhieddine M, Ahmad SA, Schwarz C, Hiesmayr M (2010) Intensive care-acquired hypernatremia after major cardiothoracic surgery is associated with increased mortality. Intensive Care Med 36:1718\u20131723","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2753_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq067","volume":"25","author":"M Darmon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Darmon M, Timsit JF, Francais A, Nguile-Makao M, Adrie C, Cohen Y, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Goldgran-Toledano D, Dumenil AS, Jamali S, Cheval C, Allaouchiche B, Souweine B, Azoulay E (2010) Association between hypernatraemia acquired in the ICU and mortality: a cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transpl 25:2510\u20132515","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"2753_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-4505(88)90091-6","volume":"39","author":"M Komjati","year":"1988","unstructured":"Komjati M, Kastner G, Waldhausl W, Bratusch-Marrain P (1988) Detrimental effect of hyperosmolality on insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in adipose and muscle tissue in vitro. Biochem Med Metab Biol 39:312\u2013318","journal-title":"Biochem Med Metab Biol"},{"key":"2753_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00206.x","volume":"19","author":"M Komjati","year":"1989","unstructured":"Komjati M, Kastner G, Waldhausl W, Bratusch-Marrain P (1989) Effect of hyperosmolality on basal and hormone-stimulated hepatic glucose metabolism in vitro. Eur J Clin Invest 19:128\u2013134","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2753_CR10","first-page":"913","volume":"14","author":"K Lenz","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lenz K, Gossinger H, Laggner A, Druml W, Grimm G, Schneeweiss B (1986) Influence of hypernatremic-hyperosmolar state on hemodynamics of patients with normal and depressed myocardial function. Crit Care Med 14:913\u2013914","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2753_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(85)90596-4","volume":"109","author":"GA Kozeny","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kozeny GA, Murdock DK, Euler DE, Hano JE, Scanlon PJ, Bansal VK, Vertuno LL (1985) In vivo effects of acute changes in osmolality and sodium concentration on myocardial contractility. Am Heart J 109:290\u2013296","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2753_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-007-0811-6","volume":"119","author":"GC Funk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Funk GC (2007) Stewart\u2019s acid-base approach. Wien Klin Wochenschr 119:390\u2013403","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"2753_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1139\/y83-207","volume":"61","author":"PA Stewart","year":"1983","unstructured":"Stewart PA (1983) Modern quantitative acid-base chemistry. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 61:1444\u20131461","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2753_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-009-1640-y","volume":"58","author":"KF Hofmann-Kiefer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hofmann-Kiefer KF, Chappell D, Jacob M, Schulke A, Conzen P, Rehm M (2009) Hypernatremic alkalosis. Possible counterpart of hyperchloremic acidosis in intensive care patients? Anaesthesist 58:1210\u20131215","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"2753_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm831","volume":"23","author":"EJ Hoorn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoorn EJ, Betjes MG, Weigel J, Zietse R (2008) Hypernatraemia in critically ill patients: too little water and too much salt. Nephrol Dial Transpl 23:1562\u20131568","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"2753_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199906000-00029","volume":"27","author":"KH Polderman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Polderman KH, Schreuder WO, Strack van Schijndel RJ, Thijs LG (1999) Hypernatremia in the intensive care unit: an indicator of quality of care? Crit Care Med 27:1105\u20131108","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2753_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3109\/00365518809168181","volume":"148","author":"O Siggaard-Andersen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Siggaard-Andersen O, Wimberley PD, Fogh-Andersen N, G\u00f8thgen IH (1988) Measured and derived quantities with modern pH and blood gas equipment: calculation algorithms with 54 equations. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 148:7\u201315","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"2753_CR18","first-page":"713","volume":"120","author":"J Figge","year":"1992","unstructured":"Figge J, Mydosh T, Fencl V (1992) Serum proteins and acid-base equilibria: a follow-up. J Lab Clin Med 120:713\u2013719","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"2753_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-9441(93)90001-2","volume":"8","author":"BM Gilfix","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gilfix BM, Bique M, Magder S (1993) A physical chemical approach to the analysis of acid-base balance in the clinical setting. J Crit Care 8:187\u2013197","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2753_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/2531248","volume":"42","author":"SL Zeger","year":"1986","unstructured":"Zeger SL, Liang KY (1986) Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics 42:121\u2013130","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2753_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.4.962","volume":"130","author":"JA Kellum","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kellum JA, Song M, Almasri E (2006) Hyperchloremic acidosis increases circulating inflammatory molecules in experimental sepsis. Chest 130:962\u2013967","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2753_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.1.243","volume":"125","author":"JA Kellum","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kellum JA, Song M, Venkataraman R (2004) Effects of hyperchloremic acidosis on arterial pressure and circulating inflammatory molecules in experimental sepsis. Chest 125:243\u2013248","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2753_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200206000-00003","volume":"17","author":"SA Brill","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brill SA, Stewart TR, Brundage SI, Schreiber MA (2002) Base deficit does not predict mortality when secondary to hyperchloremic acidosis. Shock 17:459\u2013462","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"2753_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/10408369991239286","volume":"36","author":"NR Webster","year":"1999","unstructured":"Webster NR, Kulkarni V (1999) Metabolic alkalosis in the critically ill. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 36:497\u2013510","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"2753_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.015","volume":"54","author":"G Lindner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lindner G, Kneidinger N, Holzinger U, Druml W, Schwarz C (2009) Tonicity balance in patients with hypernatremia acquired in the intensive care unit. Am J Kidney Dis 54:674\u2013679","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2753_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011070720","volume":"23","author":"RG Luke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luke RG, Galla JH (2012) It is chloride depletion alkalosis, not contraction alkalosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 23:204\u2013207","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2753_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1692-0","volume":"36","author":"GC Funk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Funk GC, Lindner G, Druml W, Metnitz B, Schwarz C, Bauer P, Metnitz PG (2010) Incidence and prognosis of dysnatremias present on ICU admission. Intensive Care Med 36:304\u2013311","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2753_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01735263","volume":"64","author":"W Druml","year":"1986","unstructured":"Druml W, Kleinberger G, Lenz K, Laggner A, Schneeweiss B (1986) Fructose-induced hyperlactemia in hyperosmolar syndromes. Klin Wochenschr 64:615\u2013618","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"2753_CR29","first-page":"405","volume":"225","author":"WK Waldh\u00e4usl","year":"1979","unstructured":"Waldh\u00e4usl WK, Kleinberger G, Kastner G, Komjati M, Korn A, Nowotny P, Bratusch-Marrain PR (1979) Glucose utilization: effects of hyperosmolality and counter-regulatory hormones. Studies in vivo and in vitro. Acta Endocrinol 225:405","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"key":"2753_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.40.020189.000313","volume":"40","author":"V Fencl","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fencl V, Rossing TH (1989) Acid-base disorders in critical care medicine. Annu Rev Med 40:17\u201329","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"2753_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197311000-00027","volume":"52","author":"NW Lawson","year":"1973","unstructured":"Lawson NW, Butler GH 3rd, Ray CT (1973) Alkalosis and cardiac arrhythmias. Anesth Analg 52:951\u2013964","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2753_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.81.3.296","volume":"81","author":"S Javaheri","year":"1982","unstructured":"Javaheri S, Shore NS, Rose B, Kazemi H (1982) Compensatory hypoventilation in metabolic alkalosis. Chest 81:296\u2013301","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2753_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1962.17.1.33","volume":"17","author":"DJ Stone","year":"1962","unstructured":"Stone DJ (1962) Respiration in man during metabolic alkalosis. J Appl Physiol 17:33\u201337","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2753_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1972.04180080051009","volume":"105","author":"RF Wilson","year":"1972","unstructured":"Wilson RF, Gibson D, Percinel AK, Ali MA, Baker G, LeBlanc LP, Lucas C (1972) Severe alkalosis in critically ill surgical patients. Arch Surg 105:197\u2013203","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2753_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198706000-00016","volume":"80","author":"LE Anderson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Anderson LE, Henrich WL (1987) Alkalemia-associated morbidity and mortality in medical and surgical patients. South Med J 80:729\u2013733","journal-title":"South Med J"}],"container-title":["Intensive Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00134-012-2753-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00134-012-2753-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00134-012-2753-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T14:29:53Z","timestamp":1562336993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00134-012-2753-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,17]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-012-2753-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0342-4642","1432-1238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0342-4642","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,17]]}}}