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Maquet had no access to the data and was not involved in the analysis or writing of the manuscript. Alexandre Demoule has signed research contracts with Covidien, Maquet and Philips; he has also received personal fees from Covidien, Maquet and MSD. Samir Jaber has received personal fees from Dr\u00e4ger, Fisher and Paykel, Hamilton, and Maquet. Laurent Brochard declares research contracts with Covidien, Dr\u00e4ger, General Electric, as well as equipment provided by Maquet and by Philips for research protocols. Thomas Similowski belongs to the board of a research association that has received, over the past 10 years, unrestricted research grants from Maquet, Hamilton, Covidien and Philips; he is the head of a research unit (UMRS 1158) that has signed research contracts with Air Liquide Medical Systems, France; he declares no personal conflict of interest with mechanical ventilation firms; he is listed as inventor or co-inventor on several patents, granted or pending, describing a brain\u2013ventilator interface. Marc Clavel, Camille Rolland-Debord, Sebastien Perbet, Nicolas Terzi, Achille Kouatchet, Florent Wallet, Hadrien Roze, Frederic Vargas, Claude Guerin and Jean Dellamonica have no conflict of interest related to this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}