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He owns stock options in BetterCare S.L., a research and development start-up of Corporaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Parc Taul\u00ed (Spain). Dr Demoule reports personal fees from Maquet, grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from Covidien, personal fees from MSD, grants and non-financial support from Philips, non-financial support from Drager, grants from Resmed, and personal fees from Fisher and Paykel, all outside the submitted work. Dr Jaber reports receiving consulting fees from Drager, Hamilton, Maquet, and Fisher and Paykel. Dr Maggiore is the principal investigator of the RINO trial (nasal high-flow vs Venturi mask after extubation), sponsored by Fisher and Paykel Healthcare, and has received research grants from Fisher and Paykel Healthcare and lecture fees from Draeger Medical and GE Healthcare. Dr Mancebo reports the following: Covidien and Maquet\u2014research support; Faron\u2014steering committee member; Covidien and Hamilton\u2014honoraria for speaking at a meeting. Dr. Navalesi\u2019s research laboratory has received equipment and grants from Maquet Critical Care, Draeger, and Intersurgical S.p.A. He has also received honoraria\/speaking fees from Maquet Critical Care, Draeger, Breas, Philips, Resmed, and Hillrom. Dr Navalesi contributed to the development of the helmet Next, whose license for patent belongs to Intersurgical S.p.A., and receives royalties for that invention. Dr Quintel acts as advisor for Xenios and Baxter. CG, JGL, JJM, JMM, PM, and JLV declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}