{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T10:57:20Z","timestamp":1793876240858,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":181,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07246-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T17:02:09Z","timestamp":1708621329000},"page":"159-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Dyspnoea in acutely ill mechanically ventilated adult patients: an ERS\/ESICM statement"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Demoule","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxens","family":"Decavele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Camporota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fekri","family":"Abroug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elie","family":"Azoulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metin","family":"Basoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Grasselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Herridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Naccache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Navalesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Pelosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Schwartzstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Windisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Heunks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Similowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"7246_CR1","volume-title":"Torture and its definition in international law: an interdisciplinary approach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ba\u015fo\u011flu M (ed) (2017) Torture and its definition in international law: an interdisciplinary approach. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York"},{"key":"7246_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2042ST","volume":"185","author":"MB Parshall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Parshall MB, Schwartzstein RM, Adams L et al (2012) An official American Thoracic Society statement: update on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185:435\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201111-2042ST","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30106-1","volume":"6","author":"H Carel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carel H (2018) Breathlessness: the rift between objective measurement and subjective experience. Lancet Respir Med 6:332\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30106-1","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"7246_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31821e8779","volume":"39","author":"M Schmidt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schmidt M, Demoule A, Polito A et al (2011) Dyspnea in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 39:2059\u20132065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31821e8779","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202108-1857OC","volume":"205","author":"A Demoule","year":"2022","unstructured":"Demoule A, Hajage D, Messika J et al (2022) Prevalence, intensity, and clinical impact of dyspnea in critically ill patients receiving invasive ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 205:917\u2013926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202108-1857OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000218416.62457.56","volume":"34","author":"G Chanques","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chanques G, Jaber S, Barbotte E et al (2006) Impact of systematic evaluation of pain and agitation in an intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 34:1691\u20131699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.CCM.0000218416.62457.56","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e825","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299","volume":"46","author":"JW Devlin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, G\u00e9linas C et al (2018) Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation\/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med 46:e825\u2013e873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530200027032","volume":"274","author":"The SUPPORT Principal Investigators","year":"1995","unstructured":"The SUPPORT Principal Investigators (1995) A controlled trial to improve care for seriously ill hospitalized patients. The study to understand prognoses and preferences for outcomes and risks of treatments (SUPPORT). JAMA 274:1591\u20131598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1995.03530200027032","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7246_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4991-x","volume":"43","author":"P Kalfon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kalfon P, Baumstarck K, Estagnasie P et al (2017) A tailored multicomponent program to reduce discomfort in critically ill patients: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 43:1829\u20131840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-017-4991-x","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR10","first-page":"116","volume":"66","author":"GW Wright","year":"1954","unstructured":"Wright GW, Branscomb BV (1954) The origin of the sensations of dyspnea. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 66:116\u2013125","journal-title":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"7246_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001939","volume":"161","author":"SN Raja","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raja SN, Carr DB, Cohen M et al (2020) The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain 161:1976\u20131982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001939","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"7246_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000441","volume":"13","author":"LL Marlow","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marlow LL, Faull OK, Finnegan SL et al (2019) Breathlessness and the brain: the role of expectation. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 13:200\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000441","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"7246_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1500","volume":"88","author":"KC Evans","year":"2002","unstructured":"Evans KC, Banzett RB, Adams L et al (2002) BOLD fMRI identifies limbic, paralimbic, and cerebellar activation during air hunger. J Neurophysiol 88:1500\u20131511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1500","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"7246_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.08.005","volume":"189","author":"M Raux","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raux M, Tyvaert L, Ferreira M et al (2013) Functional magnetic resonance imaging suggests automatization of the cortical response to inspiratory threshold loading in humans. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 189:571\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2013.08.005","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"7246_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200712-1821OC","volume":"177","author":"A von Leupoldt","year":"2008","unstructured":"von Leupoldt A, Sommer T, Kegat S et al (2008) The unpleasantness of perceived dyspnea is processed in the anterior insula and amygdala. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177:1026\u20131032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200712-1821OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00201.2014","volume":"118","author":"E Morawiec","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morawiec E, Raux M, Kindler F et al (2015) Expiratory load compensation is associated with electroencephalographic premotor potentials in humans. J Appl Physiol 118:1023\u20131030","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"7246_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01686-2015","volume":"47","author":"M Georges","year":"2016","unstructured":"Georges M, Morawiec E, Raux M et al (2016) Cortical drive to breathe in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a dyspnoea-worsening defence? Eur Respir J 47:1818\u20131828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01686-2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00617","volume":"8","author":"RW Esser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Esser RW, Stoeckel MC, Kirsten A et al (2017) Brain activation during perception and anticipation of dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Physiol 8:617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2017.00617","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"7246_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007535","volume":"5","author":"MJ Johnson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johnson MJ, Simpson MI, Currow DC et al (2015) Magnetoencephalography to investigate central perception of exercise-induced breathlessness in people with chronic lung disease: a feasibility pilot. BMJ Open 5:e007535","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"7246_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16572","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53152-y","volume":"9","author":"M Raux","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raux M, Navarro-Sune X, Wattiez N et al (2019) Adjusting ventilator settings to relieve dyspnoea modifies brain activity in critically ill patients: an electroencephalogram pilot study. Sci Rep 9:16572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-53152-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7246_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202301-0188OC","volume":"208","author":"M Decav\u00e8le","year":"2023","unstructured":"Decav\u00e8le M, Bureau C, Campion S et al (2023) Interventions relieving dyspnea in intubated patients show responsiveness of the mechanical ventilation-respiratory distress observation scale. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 208:39\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202301-0188OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003008","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03008-2020","volume":"58","author":"E Vlemincx","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vlemincx E, Sprenger C, B\u00fcchel C (2021) Expectation and dyspnoea: the neurobiological basis of respiratory nocebo effects. Eur Respir J 58:2003008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.03008-2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.019","volume":"95","author":"OK Faull","year":"2017","unstructured":"Faull OK, Hayen A, Pattinson KTS (2017) Breathlessness and the body: neuroimaging clues for the inferential leap. Cortex 95:211\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.019","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"7246_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0416","volume":"148","author":"M Herigstad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herigstad M, Hayen A, Evans E et al (2015) Dyspnea-related cues engage the prefrontal cortex: evidence from functional brain imaging in COPD. Chest 148:953\u2013961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.15-0416","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"7246_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx324","volume":"141","author":"L Naccache","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naccache L (2018) Minimally conscious state or cortically mediated state? Brain J Neurol 141:949\u2013960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awx324","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"7246_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200402000-00031","volume":"100","author":"RK Hofbauer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hofbauer RK, Fiset P, Plourde G et al (2004) Dose-dependent effects of propofol on the central processing of thermal pain. Anesthesiology 100:386\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-200402000-00031","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"7246_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101876","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01876-2021","volume":"58","author":"F Vinckier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vinckier F, Betka S, Nion N et al (2021) Harnessing the power of anticipation to manage respiratory-related brain suffering and ensuing dyspnoea: insights from the neurobiology of the respiratory nocebo effect. Eur Respir J 58:2101876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01876-2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2009.0229","volume":"13","author":"ML Campbell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Campbell ML, Templin T, Walch J (2010) A Respiratory Distress Observation Scale for patients unable to self-report dyspnea. J Palliat Med 13:285\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jpm.2009.0229","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"7246_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000805","volume":"123","author":"R Persichini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Persichini R, Gay F, Schmidt M et al (2015) Diagnostic accuracy of respiratory distress observation scales as surrogates of dyspnea self-report in intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology 123:830\u2013837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000805","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"7246_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602099","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02099-2016","volume":"49","author":"M Ba\u015fo\u011flu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ba\u015fo\u011flu M (2017) Effective management of breathlessness: a review of potential human rights issues. Eur Respir J 49:1602099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02099-2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602277","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02277-2016","volume":"49","author":"MJ Johnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnson MJ, Yorke J, Hansen-Flaschen J et al (2017) Towards an expert consensus to delineate a clinical syndrome of chronic breathlessness. Eur Respir J 49:1602277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02277-2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701159","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01159-2017","volume":"50","author":"C Mor\u00e9lot-Panzini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mor\u00e9lot-Panzini C, Adler D, Aguilaniu B et al (2017) Breathlessness despite optimal pathophysiological treatment: on the relevance of being chronic. Eur Respir J 50:1701159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01159-2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800316","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00316-2018","volume":"51","author":"T Similowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Similowski T (2018) Treat the lungs, fool the brain and appease the mind: towards holistic care of patients who suffer from chronic respiratory diseases. Eur Respir J 51:1800316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00316-2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702637","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02637-2017","volume":"52","author":"L Dangers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dangers L, Montlahuc C, Kouatchet A et al (2018) Dyspnoea in patients receiving noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: prevalence, risk factors and prognostic impact: a prospective observational study. Eur Respir J 52:1702637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02637-2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201805-0996OC","volume":"199","author":"ER Gentzler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gentzler ER, Derry H, Ouyang DJ et al (2019) Underdetection and undertreatment of dyspnea in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 199:1377\u20131384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201805-0996OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512073332307","volume":"333","author":"HL Manning","year":"1995","unstructured":"Manning HL, Schwartzstein RM (1995) Pathophysiology of dyspnea. N Engl J Med 333:1547\u20131553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199512073332307","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7246_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.5.9907096","volume":"162","author":"RW Lansing","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lansing RW, Im BS, Thwing JI et al (2000) The perception of respiratory work and effort can be independent of the perception of air hunger. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162:1690\u20131696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.162.5.9907096","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR38","volume-title":"Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation","author":"RB Banzett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Banzett RB, Similowski T, Brown R (2013) Addressing respiratory discomfort in the ventilated patient. In: Tobin MJ (ed) Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill Medical, New York","edition":"3"},{"key":"7246_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c200001","volume":"11","author":"RB Banzett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banzett RB, Lansing RW, Binks AP (2021) Air hunger: a primal sensation and a primary element of dyspnea. Compr Physiol 11:1449\u20131483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c200001","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"7246_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000574","volume":"25","author":"M Decav\u00e8le","year":"2019","unstructured":"Decav\u00e8le M, Similowski T, Demoule A (2019) Detection and management of dyspnea in mechanically ventilated patients. Curr Opin Crit Care 25:86\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000574","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000167","volume":"21","author":"P Navalesi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Navalesi P, Longhini F (2015) Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist. Curr Opin Crit Care 21:58\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000167","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201212-2214CI","volume":"188","author":"D Gilstrap","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gilstrap D, MacIntyre N (2013) Patient-ventilator interactions. Implications for clinical management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188:1058\u20131068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201212-2214CI","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-3117-3","volume":"40","author":"M Schmidt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmidt M, Banzett RB, Raux M et al (2014) Unrecognized suffering in the ICU: addressing dyspnea in mechanically ventilated patients. Intensive Care Med 40:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-013-3117-3","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1959.sp006356","volume":"149","author":"LH Opie","year":"1959","unstructured":"Opie LH, Smith AC, Spalding JM (1959) Conscious appreciation of the effects produced by independent changes of ventilation volume and of end-tidal pCO2 in paralysed patients. J Physiol 149:494\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1959.sp006356","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"7246_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800409347556","volume":"12","author":"W-S Lai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lai W-S, Chao C-SC, Yang W-P et al (2010) Efficacy of guided imagery with theta music for advanced cancer patients with dyspnea: a pilot study. Biol Res Nurs 12:188\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1099800409347556","journal-title":"Biol Res Nurs"},{"key":"7246_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2009.09.024","volume":"39","author":"S Galbraith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Galbraith S, Fagan P, Perkins P et al (2010) Does the use of a handheld fan improve chronic dyspnea? A randomized, controlled, crossover trial. J Pain Symptom Manag 39:831\u2013838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2009.09.024","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"7246_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02215-2022","author":"C Bureau","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bureau C, Ni\u00e9rat M-C, Decav\u00e8le M et al (2023) Sensory interventions to relieve dyspnoea in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. Eur Respir J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02215-2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9563(99)70042-7","volume":"28","author":"FJ Shih","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shih FJ, Chu SH (1999) Comparisons of American-Chinese and Taiwanese patients\u2019 perceptions of dyspnea and helpful nursing actions during the intensive care unit transition from cardiac surgery. Heart Lung 28:41\u201354","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"7246_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.1.8111572","volume":"149","author":"AR Knebel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Knebel AR, Janson-Bjerklie SL, Malley JD et al (1994) Comparison of breathing comfort during weaning with two ventilatory modes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:14\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.149.1.8111572","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/105477389700600402","volume":"6","author":"LE Moody","year":"1997","unstructured":"Moody LE, Lowry L, Yarandi H et al (1997) Psychophysiologic predictors of weaning from mechanical ventilation in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Clin Nurs Res 6:311\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/105477389700600402","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"},{"key":"7246_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-022-01025-5","volume":"12","author":"C Bureau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bureau C, Dres M, Morawiec E et al (2022) Dyspnea and the electromyographic activity of inspiratory muscles during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Ann Intensive Care 12:50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-022-01025-5","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"7246_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181feb824","volume":"39","author":"S de Miranda","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Miranda S, Pochard F, Chaize M et al (2011) Postintensive care unit psychological burden in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and informal caregivers: a multicenter study. Crit Care Med 39:112\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181feb824","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200204000-00004","volume":"30","author":"AJ Rotondi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rotondi AJ, Chelluri L, Sirio C et al (2002) Patients\u2019 recollections of stressful experiences while receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 30:746\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-200204000-00004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199804000-00011","volume":"26","author":"G Schelling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schelling G, Stoll C, Haller M et al (1998) Health-related quality of life and posttraumatic stress disorder in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 26:651\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-199804000-00011","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198910000-00021","volume":"17","author":"I Bergbom-Engberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bergbom-Engberg I, Haljam\u00e4e H (1989) Assessment of patients\u2019 experience of discomforts during respirator therapy. Crit Care Med 17:1068\u20131072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-198910000-00021","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR56","first-page":"323","volume":"23","author":"BE Pennock","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pennock BE, Crawshaw L, Maher T et al (1994) Distressful events in the ICU as perceived by patients recovering from coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart Lung 23:323\u2013327","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"7246_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9563(97)90074-1","volume":"26","author":"J Logan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Logan J, Jenny J (1997) Qualitative analysis of patients\u2019 work during mechanical ventilation and weaning. Heart Lung 26:140\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0147-9563(97)90074-1","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"7246_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-612X(88)90038-7","volume":"4","author":"I Bergbom-Engberg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bergbom-Engberg I, Hallenberg B, Wickstr\u00f6m I et al (1988) A retrospective study of patients\u2019 recall of respirator treatment. (1): Study design and basic findings. Intensive Care Nurs 4:56\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0266-612X(88)90038-7","journal-title":"Intensive Care Nurs"},{"key":"7246_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R467","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2976","volume":"8","author":"JP van de Leur","year":"2004","unstructured":"van de Leur JP, van der Schans CP, Loef BG et al (2004) Discomfort and factual recollection in intensive care unit patients. Crit Care 8:R467\u2013R473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc2976","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2007.01292.x","volume":"51","author":"KA Samuelson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Samuelson KA, Lundberg D, Fridlund B (2007) Stressful memories and psychological distress in adult mechanically ventilated intensive care patients\u2014a 2-month follow-up study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 51:671\u2013678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2007.01292.x","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"7246_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-5153.2006.00199.x","volume":"12","author":"KAM Samuelson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Samuelson KAM, Lundberg D, Fridlund B (2007) Stressful experiences in relation to depth of sedation in mechanically ventilated patients. Nurs Crit Care 12:93\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1478-5153.2006.00199.x","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000069512.10544.40","volume":"31","author":"G Schelling","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schelling G, Richter M, Roozendaal B et al (2003) Exposure to high stress in the intensive care unit may have negative effects on health-related quality-of-life outcomes after cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med 31:1971\u20131980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.CCM.0000069512.10544.40","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2011989","volume":"20","author":"R Khalaila","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khalaila R, Zbidat W, Anwar K et al (2011) Communication difficulties and psychoemotional distress in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Am J Crit Care 20:470\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4037\/ajcc2011989","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2019254","volume":"28","author":"MG Carey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carey MG, Qualls BW, Burgoyne C (2019) Patients\u2019 perception of stressful events in the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery. Am J Crit Care 28:149\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4037\/ajcc2019254","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR65","first-page":"528","volume":"17","author":"MT Lush","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lush MT, Janson-Bjerklie S, Carrieri VK et al (1988) Dyspnea in the ventilator-assisted patient. Heart Lung 17:528\u2013535","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"7246_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc1999.8.4.254","volume":"8","author":"J Powers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Powers J, Bennett SJ (1999) Measurement of dyspnea in patients treated with mechanical ventilation. Am J Crit Care 8:254\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4037\/ajcc1999.8.4.254","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1067\/mhl.2000.105689","volume":"29","author":"B Connelly","year":"2000","unstructured":"Connelly B, Gunzerath L, Knebel A (2000) A pilot study exploring mood state and dyspnea in mechanically ventilated patients. Heart Lung 29:173\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mhl.2000.105689","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"7246_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000129485.08835.5A","volume":"32","author":"JE Nelson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nelson JE, Meier DE, Litke A et al (2004) The symptom burden of chronic critical illness. Crit Care Med 32:1527\u20131534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.CCM.0000129485.08835.5A","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR69","first-page":"1158","volume":"47","author":"I Karampela","year":"2002","unstructured":"Karampela I, Hansen-Flachen J, Smith S et al (2002) A dyspnea evaluation protocol for respiratory therapists: a feasibility study. Respir Care 47:1158\u20131161","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"7246_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2003.12.2.101","volume":"12","author":"R Twibell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Twibell R, Siela D, Mahmoodi M (2003) Subjective perceptions and physiological variables during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Am J Crit Care 12:101\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4037\/ajcc2003.12.2.101","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000227175.83575.E9","volume":"34","author":"M Wysocki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wysocki M, Cracco C, Teixeira A et al (2006) Reduced breathing variability as a predictor of unsuccessful patient separation from mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 34:2076\u20132083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.CCM.0000227175.83575.E9","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2006.01.003","volume":"19","author":"DT Li","year":"2006","unstructured":"Li DT, Puntillo K (2006) A pilot study on coexisting symptoms in intensive care patients. Appl Nurs Res 19:216\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnr.2006.01.003","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"7246_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181f267ee","volume":"38","author":"KA Puntillo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Puntillo KA, Arai S, Cohen NH et al (2010) Symptoms experienced by intensive care unit patients at high risk of dying. Crit Care Med 38:2155\u20132160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181f267ee","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2014.04.003","volume":"43","author":"M Vitacca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vitacca M, Scalvini S, Volterrani M et al (2014) In COPD patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation heart rate variability during the T-piece trial is better after pressure support plus PEEP: a pilot physiological study. Heart Lung 43:420\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2014.04.003","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"7246_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201503-0419OC","volume":"192","author":"HS Haugdahl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haugdahl HS, Storli SL, Meland B et al (2015) Underestimation of patient breathlessness by nurses and physicians during a spontaneous breathing trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 192:1440\u20131448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201503-0419OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2011886","volume":"20","author":"Y-J Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen Y-J, Jacobs WJ, Quan SF et al (2011) Psychophysiological determinants of repeated ventilator weaning failure: an explanatory model. Am J Crit Care 20:292\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4037\/ajcc2011886","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04927","volume":"62","author":"AP Binks","year":"2017","unstructured":"Binks AP, Desjardin S, Riker R (2017) ICU clinicians underestimate breathing discomfort in ventilated subjects. Respir Care 62:150\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4187\/respcare.04927","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"7246_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.37506\/v11\/i2\/2020\/ijphrd\/195006","volume":"11","author":"M Hassan Abd El-Hamidatrous","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hassan Abd El-Hamidatrous M, Mohamed Al-Sayaghi K (2020) Determination of dyspnea in mechanically ventilated patients. Indian J Public Health Res Dev 11:1329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37506\/v11\/i2\/2020\/ijphrd\/195006","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health Res Dev"},{"key":"7246_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004495","volume":"48","author":"A Mazeraud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mazeraud A, Polito A, Sivanandamoorthy S et al (2020) Association between anxiety and new organ failure, independently of critical illness severity and respiratory status: a prospective multicentric cohort study. Crit Care Med 48:1471\u20131479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004495","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200102000-00010","volume":"29","author":"JE Nelson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nelson JE, Meier DE, Oei EJ et al (2001) Self-reported symptom experience of critically ill cancer patients receiving intensive care. Crit Care Med 29:277\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-200102000-00010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.6.9196100","volume":"155","author":"P Leung","year":"1997","unstructured":"Leung P, Jubran A, Tobin MJ (1997) Comparison of assisted ventilator modes on triggering, patient effort, and dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155:1940\u20131948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.155.6.9196100","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.2.281","volume":"141","author":"BJ Petrof","year":"1990","unstructured":"Petrof BJ, Legar\u00e9 M, Goldberg P et al (1990) Continuous positive airway pressure reduces work of breathing and dyspnea during weaning from mechanical ventilation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 141:281\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.2.281","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"7246_CR83","first-page":"471","volume":"21","author":"GH Bouley","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bouley GH, Froman R, Shah H (1992) The experience of dyspnea during weaning. Heart Lung 21:471\u2013476","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"7246_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00083901","volume":"18","author":"D Chiumello","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chiumello D, Pelosi P, Croci M et al (2001) The effects of pressurization rate on breathing pattern, work of breathing, gas exchange and patient comfort in pressure support ventilation. Eur Respir J 18:107\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.01.00083901","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.3.7663780","volume":"152","author":"RW Stroetz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stroetz RW, Hubmayr RD (1995) Tidal volume maintenance during weaning with pressure support. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152:1034\u20131040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.152.3.7663780","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-2910-3","volume":"39","author":"M Schmidt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schmidt M, Kindler F, Gottfried SB et al (2013) Dyspnea and surface inspiratory electromyograms in mechanically ventilated patients. Intensive Care Med 39:1368\u20131376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-013-2910-3","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-017-0289-y","volume":"7","author":"E Akoumianaki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Akoumianaki E, Dousse N, Lyazidi A et al (2017) Can proportional ventilation modes facilitate exercise in critically ill patients? A physiological cross-over study: pressure support versus proportional ventilation during lower limb exercise in ventilated critically ill patients. Ann Intensive Care 7:64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-017-0289-y","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"7246_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-021-00958-7","volume":"11","author":"C Bureau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bureau C, Decav\u00e8le M, Campion S et al (2021) Proportional assist ventilation relieves clinically significant dyspnea in critically ill ventilated patients. Ann Intensive Care 11:177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-021-00958-7","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"7246_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01185.2006","volume":"103","author":"A Vovk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vovk A, Binks AP (2007) Raising end-expiratory volume relieves air hunger in mechanically ventilated healthy adults. J Appl Physiol 103:779\u2013786","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"7246_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(92)90131-F","volume":"90","author":"HL Manning","year":"1992","unstructured":"Manning HL, Shea SA, Schwartzstein RM et al (1992) Reduced tidal volume increases \u201cair hunger\u201d at fixed PCO2 in ventilated quadriplegics. Respir Physiol 90:19\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0034-5687(92)90131-F","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"7246_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.3.851","volume":"126","author":"M Vitacca","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vitacca M, Bianchi L, Zanotti E et al (2004) Assessment of physiologic variables and subjective comfort under different levels of pressure support ventilation. Chest 126:851\u2013859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.126.3.851","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"7246_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.4.2010046","volume":"164","author":"M Vitacca","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vitacca M, Ambrosino N, Clini E et al (2001) Physiological response to pressure support ventilation delivered before and after extubation in patients not capable of totally spontaneous autonomous breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:638\u2013641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.164.4.2010046","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4447-8","volume":"42","author":"A Demoule","year":"2016","unstructured":"Demoule A, Clavel M, Rolland-Debord C et al (2016) Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist as an alternative to pressure support ventilation in adults: a French multicentre randomized trial. Intensive Care Med 42:1723\u20131732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-016-4447-8","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-0012-6","volume":"32","author":"CA Volta","year":"2006","unstructured":"Volta CA, Alvisi V, Bertacchini S et al (2006) Acute effects of hyperoxemia on dyspnoea and respiratory variables during pressure support ventilation. Intensive Care Med 32:223\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-005-0012-6","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902107","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02107-2019","volume":"58","author":"JP Stevens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stevens JP, Dechen T, Schwartzstein RM et al (2021) Association of dyspnoea, mortality, and resource use in hospitalised patients. Eur Respir J 58:1902107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02107-2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2018.02.013","volume":"56","author":"JP Stevens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stevens JP, Dechen T, Schwartzstein R et al (2018) Prevalence of dyspnea among hospitalized patients at the time of admission. J Pain Symptom Manag 56:15-22.e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2018.02.013","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"7246_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000437112.43059.a0","volume":"113","author":"K Baker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baker K, Barsamian J, Leone D et al (2013) Routine dyspnea assessment on unit admission. Am J Nurs 113:42\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000437112.43059.a0","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"key":"7246_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00115-0","volume":"3","author":"H Carel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carel H, Macnaughton J, Dodd J (2015) Invisible suffering: breathlessness in and beyond the clinic. Lancet Respir Med 3:278\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00115-0","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"7246_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13847","volume":"27","author":"HM Christensen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Christensen HM, Huniche L, Titlestad IL (2018) Involvement of patients\u2019 perspectives on treatment with noninvasive ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease\u2014a qualitative study. J Clin Nurs 27:e61\u2013e69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.13847","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"7246_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.01.007","volume":"40","author":"HS Haugdahl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haugdahl HS, Dahlberg H, Klepstad P et al (2017) The breath of life. Patients\u2019 experiences of breathing during and after mechanical ventilation. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 40:85\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.01.007","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"7246_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1800.2011.00576.x","volume":"19","author":"V Karlsson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karlsson V, Lindahl B, Bergbom I (2012) Patients\u2019 statements and experiences concerning receiving mechanical ventilation: a prospective video-recorded study. Nurs Inq 19:247\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1800.2011.00576.x","journal-title":"Nurs Inq"},{"key":"7246_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-019-0608-6","volume":"9","author":"M Iosifyan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iosifyan M, Schmidt M, Hurbault A et al (2019) \u201cI had the feeling that I was trapped\u201d: a bedside qualitative study of cognitive and affective attitudes toward noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Ann Intensive Care 9:134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-019-0608-6","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"7246_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2011.01.003","volume":"27","author":"KAM Samuelson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Samuelson KAM (2011) Unpleasant and pleasant memories of intensive care in adult mechanically ventilated patients\u2014findings from 250 interviews. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 27:76\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2011.01.003","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"7246_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-3397(96)80693-8","volume":"12","author":"TB Hafsteind\u00f3ttir","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hafsteind\u00f3ttir TB (1996) Patient\u2019s experiences of communication during the respirator treatment period. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 12:261\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0964-3397(96)80693-8","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"7246_CR105","unstructured":"Cancer Research UK. Mum on ventilator and feeling extremely breathless. Date last updated: 20 September 2017. www.cancerresearchuk.org\/about-cancer\/cancer-chat\/thread\/mum-on-ventilator-and-feeling-extremely-breathless"},{"key":"7246_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2011.11.002","volume":"28","author":"V Karlsson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karlsson V, Bergbom I, Forsberg A (2012) The lived experiences of adult intensive care patients who were conscious during mechanical ventilation: a phenomenological-hermeneutic study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 28:6\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2011.11.002","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"7246_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2012.07.003","volume":"29","author":"\u00c5 Engstr\u00f6m","year":"2013","unstructured":"Engstr\u00f6m \u00c5, Nystr\u00f6m N, Sundelin G et al (2013) People\u2019s experiences of being mechanically ventilated in an ICU: a qualitative study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 29:88\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2012.07.003","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"7246_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2015-000908","volume":"9","author":"TA Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith TA, Agar M, Jenkins CR et al (2019) Experience of acute noninvasive ventilation-insights from \u201cBehind the Mask\u201d: a qualitative study. BMJ Support Palliat Care 9:e11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjspcare-2015-000908","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"7246_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2016-001151","volume":"10","author":"L Beckert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beckert L, Wiseman R, Pitama S et al (2020) What can we learn from patients to improve their non-invasive ventilation experience? \u201cIt was unpleasant; if I was offered it again, I would do what I was told.\u201d BMJ Support Palliat Care 10:e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjspcare-2016-001151","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"7246_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2007.06.004","volume":"24","author":"V Karlsson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Karlsson V, Forsberg A (2008) Health is yearning\u2014experiences of being conscious during ventilator treatment in a critical care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 24:41\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2007.06.004","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"7246_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200711-1700OC","volume":"178","author":"N Livermore","year":"2008","unstructured":"Livermore N, Butler JE, Sharpe L et al (2008) Panic attacks and perception of inspiratory resistive loads in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178:7\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200711-1700OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4620","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154620","volume":"11","author":"M L\u00ea Dinh","year":"2022","unstructured":"L\u00ea Dinh M, Darmon M, Kouatchet A et al (2022) Factors associated with and prognosis impact of perceived sleep quality and estimated quantity in patients receiving non-invasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. J Clin Med 11:4620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11154620","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"7246_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04028-7","volume":"26","author":"M Decav\u00e8le","year":"2022","unstructured":"Decav\u00e8le M, Rozenberg E, Ni\u00e9rat M-C et al (2022) Respiratory distress observation scales to predict weaning outcome. Crit Care 26:162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-022-04028-7","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.07.012","volume":"101","author":"Y-J Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen Y-J, Hwang S-L, Li C-R et al (2017) Vagal withdrawal and psychological distress during ventilator weaning and the related outcomes. J Psychosom Res 101:10\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.07.012","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"7246_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00418","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00418-2021","volume":"7","author":"LS Menga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Menga LS, Grieco DL, Ros\u00e0 T et al (2021) Dyspnoea and clinical outcome in critically ill patients receiving noninvasive support for COVID-19 respiratory failure: post hoc analysis of a randomised clinical trial. ERJ Open Res 7:00418\u201302021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00418-2021","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"7246_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2489-3","volume":"23","author":"C Righy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Righy C, Rosa RG, da Silva RTA et al (2019) Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adult critical care survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 23:213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-019-2489-3","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR117","first-page":"182","volume-title":"Torture and its consequences: current treatment approaches","author":"M Ba\u015fo\u011flu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ba\u015fo\u011flu M, Mineka S (2012) The role of uncontrollable and unpredictable stress in post-traumatic stress responses in torture survivors. In: Ba\u015fo\u011flu M (ed) Torture and its consequences: current treatment approaches. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 182\u2013225"},{"key":"7246_CR118","unstructured":"Basoglu M. Waterboarding is severe torture: research findings. Date last updated: 25 December 2012. https:\/\/metinbasoglu.wordpress.com\/2012\/12\/25\/waterboarding-is-severe-torture-research-findings\/"},{"key":"7246_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.3.277","volume":"64","author":"M Ba\u015fo\u011flu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ba\u015fo\u011flu M, Livanou M, Crnobari\u0107 C (2007) Torture vs other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment: is the distinction real or apparent? Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.64.3.277","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"7246_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2004-8","volume":"30","author":"BH Cuthbertson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cuthbertson BH, Hull A, Strachan M et al (2004) Post-traumatic stress disorder after critical illness requiring general intensive care. Intensive Care Med 30:450\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-003-2004-8","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(09)70860-6","volume":"50","author":"RJ Shaw","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shaw RJ, Harvey JE, Bernard R et al (2009) Comparison of short-term psychological outcomes of respiratory failure treated by either invasive or non-invasive ventilation. Psychosomatics 50:586\u2013591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0033-3182(09)70860-6","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"7246_CR122","volume-title":"Torture and its consequences, current treatment approached","author":"M Ba\u015fo\u011flu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ba\u015fo\u011flu M (2012) Torture and its consequences, current treatment approached. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"7246_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.1.76","volume":"151","author":"M Ba\u015fo\u011flu","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ba\u015fo\u011flu M, Paker M, Paker O et al (1994) Psychological effects of torture: a comparison of tortured with nontortured political activists in Turkey. Am J Psychiatry 151:76\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.151.1.76","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"7246_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.4037\/NCI.0b013e318220bc4d","volume":"22","author":"ML Campbell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Campbell ML (2011) Dyspnea. AACN Adv Crit Care 22:257\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4037\/NCI.0b013e318220bc4d","journal-title":"AACN Adv Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2107138","volume":"166","author":"CN Sessler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sessler CN, Gosnell MS, Grap MJ et al (2002) The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale: validity and reliability in adult intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:1338\u20131344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.2107138","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00012","volume":"29","author":"EW Ely","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ely EW, Margolin R, Francis J et al (2001) Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Crit Care Med 29:1370\u20131379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00012","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216314564238","volume":"29","author":"ML Campbell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Campbell ML, Templin TN (2015) Intensity cut-points for the Respiratory Distress Observation Scale. Palliat Med 29:436\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269216314564238","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"7246_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200903-0462PP","volume":"181","author":"RA Mularski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mularski RA, Campbell ML, Asch SM et al (2010) A review of quality of care evaluation for the palliation of dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 181:534\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200903-0462PP","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.01.006","volume":"157","author":"NR Morris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morris NR, Sabapathy S, Adams L et al (2007) Verbal numerical scales are as reliable and sensitive as visual analog scales for rating dyspnea in young and older subjects. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 157:360\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2007.01.006","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"7246_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc1998.7.3.200","volume":"7","author":"AG Gift","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gift AG, Narsavage G (1998) Validity of the numeric rating scale as a measure of dyspnea. Am J Crit Care 7:200\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4037\/ajcc1998.7.3.200","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02714443","volume":"165","author":"NK Burki","year":"1987","unstructured":"Burki NK (1987) Dyspnea. Lung 165:269\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02714443","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"7246_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00038914","volume":"45","author":"RB Banzett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Banzett RB, O\u2019Donnell CR, Guilfoyle TE et al (2015) Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile: an instrument for clinical and laboratory research. Eur Respir J 45:1681\u20131691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00038914","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09601","volume":"67","author":"M Decav\u00e8le","year":"2022","unstructured":"Decav\u00e8le M, Rivals I, Persichini R et al (2022) Prognostic value of the intensive care respiratory distress observation scale on ICU admission. Respir Care 67:823\u2013832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4187\/respcare.09601","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"7246_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20212","volume":"30","author":"ML Campbell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Campbell ML (2007) Fear and pulmonary stress behaviors to an asphyxial threat across cognitive states. Res Nurs Health 30:572\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nur.20212","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"7246_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2007.0090","volume":"11","author":"ML Campbell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Campbell ML (2008) Psychometric testing of a respiratory distress observation scale. J Palliat Med 11:44\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jpm.2007.0090","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"7246_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2016.06.008","volume":"46","author":"ML Campbell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Campbell ML, Kero KK, Templin TN (2017) Mild, moderate, and severe intensity cut-points for the Respiratory Distress Observation Scale. Heart Lung 46:14\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2016.06.008","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"7246_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.05.046","volume":"154","author":"M Decav\u00e8le","year":"2018","unstructured":"Decav\u00e8le M, Campbell ML, Persichini R et al (2018) Management of dyspnea in the noncommunicative patients: consider hetero-evaluation scales. Chest 154:991\u2013992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2018.05.046","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"7246_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4934-6","volume":"44","author":"A Demoule","year":"2018","unstructured":"Demoule A, Persichini R, Decav\u00e8le M et al (2018) Observation scales to suspect dyspnea in non-communicative intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med 44:118\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-017-4934-6","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800598","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00598-2018","volume":"52","author":"M Decav\u00e8le","year":"2018","unstructured":"Decav\u00e8le M, Gay F, Persichini R et al (2018) The Mechanical Ventilation-Respiratory Distress Observation Scale as a surrogate of self-reported dyspnoea in intubated patients. Eur Respir J 52:1800598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00598-2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.09.010","volume":"164","author":"L Chiti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chiti L, Biondi G, Morelot-Panzini C et al (2008) Scalene muscle activity during progressive inspiratory loading under pressure support ventilation in normal humans. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 164:441\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2008.09.010","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"7246_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.142646","volume":"66","author":"CC Reilly","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reilly CC, Ward K, Jolley CJ et al (2011) Neural respiratory drive, pulmonary mechanics and breathlessness in patients with cystic fibrosis. Thorax 66:240\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.2010.142646","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"7246_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000287005.58761.e8","volume":"107","author":"M Raux","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raux M, Ray P, Prella M et al (2007) Cerebral cortex activation during experimentally induced ventilator fighting in normal humans receiving noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Anesthesiology 107:746\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.anes.0000287005.58761.e8","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"7246_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2006.0048","volume":"10","author":"ML Twaddle","year":"2007","unstructured":"Twaddle ML, Maxwell TL, Cassel JB et al (2007) Palliative care benchmarks from academic medical centers. J Palliat Med 10:86\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jpm.2006.0048","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"7246_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2015.04.015","volume":"50","author":"NG Wysham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wysham NG, Miriovsky BJ, Currow DC et al (2015) Practical dyspnea assessment: relationship between the 0\u201310 numerical rating scale and the four-level categorical verbal descriptor scale of dyspnea intensity. J Pain Symptom Manage 50:480\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2015.04.015","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"7246_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.04.128","volume":"156","author":"JP Stevens","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stevens JP, Sheridan AR, Bernstein HB et al (2019) A multidimensional profile of dyspnea in hospitalized patients. Chest 156:507\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2019.04.128","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"7246_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204701","volume":"69","author":"DC Currow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Currow DC, Abernethy AP, Ko DN (2014) The active identification and management of chronic refractory breathlessness is a human right. Thorax 69:393\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204701","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"7246_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.05.003","volume":"164","author":"SG Oxberry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oxberry SG, Bland JM, Clark AL et al (2012) Minimally clinically important difference in chronic breathlessness: every little helps. Am Heart J 164:229\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.05.003","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"7246_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1081\/COPD-200050655","volume":"2","author":"AL Ries","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ries AL (2005) Minimally clinically important difference for the UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire, Borg Scale, and Visual Analog Scale. COPD 2:105\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1081\/COPD-200050655","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"7246_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00108014","volume":"44","author":"MJ Johnson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnson MJ, Bland JM, Oxberry SG et al (2014) Measuring improvement in dyspnoea: should absolute or relative values be used? Eur Respir J 44:1700\u20131703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00108014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12322","volume":"23","author":"D S\u00f8rensen","year":"2014","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen D, Frederiksen K, Groefte T et al (2014) Striving for habitual well-being in noninvasive ventilation: a grounded theory study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with acute respiratory failure. J Clin Nurs 23:1726\u20131735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.12322","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"7246_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511975936","volume-title":"A mental healthcare model for mass trauma survivors: control-focused behavioral treatment of earthquake, war and torture trauma","author":"M Ba\u015fo\u011flu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ba\u015fo\u011flu M, \u015ealcio\u011flu E (2011) A mental healthcare model for mass trauma survivors: control-focused behavioral treatment of earthquake, war and torture trauma. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"7246_CR152","first-page":"251","volume":"32","author":"M Ba\u015fo\u011flu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ba\u015fo\u011flu M (2022) Control-focused behavioral treatment: a brief intervention for survivors of war and torture. Torture Q J Rehabil Torture Vict Prev Torture 32:251\u2013263","journal-title":"Torture Q J Rehabil Torture Vict Prev Torture"},{"key":"7246_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2697-7","volume":"39","author":"L Chalumeau-Lemoine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chalumeau-Lemoine L, Stoclin A, Billard V et al (2013) Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and remifentanil target-controlled infusion in ICU: a preliminary study. Intensive Care Med 39:53\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-012-2697-7","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-2-200801150-00010","volume":"148","author":"KA Lorenz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lorenz KA, Lynn J, Dy SM et al (2008) Evidence for improving palliative care at the end of life: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 148:147\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-148-2-200801150-00010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"7246_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200202000-00010","volume":"30","author":"M Wysocki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wysocki M, Richard J-C, Meshaka P (2002) Noninvasive proportional assist ventilation compared with noninvasive pressure support ventilation in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 30:323\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-200202000-00010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7246_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.08.013","volume":"107","author":"G Vagheggini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vagheggini G, Mazzoleni S, Vlad Panait E et al (2013) Physiologic response to various levels of pressure support and NAVA in prolonged weaning. Respir Med 107:1748\u20131754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.08.013","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"7246_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.4.1512","volume":"124","author":"JD Hoit","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hoit JD, Banzett RB, Lohmeier HL et al (2003) Clinical ventilator adjustments that improve speech. Chest 124:1512\u20131521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.124.4.1512","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"7246_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208707","volume":"369","author":"AS Slutsky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Slutsky AS, Ranieri VM (2013) Ventilator-induced lung injury. N Engl J Med 369:2126\u20132136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1208707","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7246_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-019-0540-9","volume":"9","author":"L Papazian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Papazian L, Aubron C, Brochard L et al (2019) Formal guidelines: management of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Intensive Care 9:69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-019-0540-9","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"7246_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04271-y","volume":"26","author":"MJ Tobin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tobin MJ (2022) ARDS: hidden perils of an overburdened diagnosis. Crit Care 26:392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-022-04271-y","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001103","volume":"125","author":"T Mauri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mauri T, Grasselli G, Suriano G et al (2016) Control of respiratory drive and effort in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients recovering from severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anesthesiology 125:159\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001103","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"7246_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2404-y","volume":"23","author":"C Karagiannidis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karagiannidis C, Strassmann S, Schwarz S et al (2019) Control of respiratory drive by extracorporeal CO2 removal in acute exacerbation of COPD breathing on non-invasive NAVA. Crit Care 23:135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-019-2404-y","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"7246_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3109\/15360288.2015.1082005","volume":"29","author":"A Vargas-Berm\u00fadez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vargas-Berm\u00fadez A, Cardenal F, Porta-Sales J (2015) Opioids for the management of dyspnea in cancer patients: evidence of the last 15 years\u2014a systematic review. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 29:341\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/15360288.2015.1082005","journal-title":"J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother"},{"key":"7246_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1543","volume":"137","author":"DA Mahler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mahler DA, Selecky PA, Harrod CG et al (2010) American College of Chest Physicians consensus statement on the management of dyspnea in patients with advanced lung or heart disease. Chest 137:674\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.09-1543","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"7246_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/745047","volume":"18","author":"DD Marciniuk","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marciniuk DD, Goodridge D, Hernandez P et al (2011) Managing dyspnea in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Canadian Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Can Respir J 18:69\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/745047","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.11.939","volume":"57","author":"A-L Jennings","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jennings A-L, Davies AN, Higgins JPT et al (2002) A systematic review of the use of opioids in the management of dyspnoea. Thorax 57:939\u2013944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax.57.11.939","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"7246_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201501-034OC","volume":"12","author":"M Ekstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ekstr\u00f6m M, Nilsson F, Abernethy AA et al (2015) Effects of opioids on breathlessness and exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A systematic review. Ann Am Thorac Soc 12:1079\u20131092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201501-034OC","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"7246_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000098","volume":"8","author":"JM L\u00f3pez-Saca","year":"2014","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Saca JM, Centeno C (2014) Opioids prescription for symptoms relief and the impact on respiratory function: updated evidence. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 8:383\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000098","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"7246_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008337624200","volume":"10","author":"C Mazzocato","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mazzocato C, Buclin T, Rapin CH (1999) The effects of morphine on dyspnea and ventilatory function in elderly patients with advanced cancer: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Ann Oncol 10:1511\u20131514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1008337624200","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"7246_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(02)00158-7","volume":"4","author":"MJ Johnson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Johnson MJ, McDonagh TA, Harkness A et al (2002) Morphine for the relief of breathlessness in patients with chronic heart failure\u2014a pilot study. Eur J Heart Fail 4:753\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1388-9842(02)00158-7","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"7246_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.05.007","volume":"43","author":"D Jensen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jensen D, Alsuhail A, Viola R et al (2012) Inhaled fentanyl citrate improves exercise endurance during high-intensity constant work rate cycle exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Pain Symptom Manag 43:706\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.05.007","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"7246_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1191\/0269216305pm998oa","volume":"19","author":"S Allen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Allen S, Raut S, Woollard J et al (2005) Low dose diamorphine reduces breathlessness without causing a fall in oxygen saturation in elderly patients with end-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Palliat Med 19:128\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/0269216305pm998oa","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"7246_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216307077328","volume":"21","author":"B Estfan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Estfan B, Mahmoud F, Shaheen P et al (2007) Respiratory function during parenteral opioid titration for cancer pain. Palliat Med 21:81\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269216307077328","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"7246_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.04.003","volume":"154","author":"L Pisani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pisani L, Hill NS, Pacilli AMG et al (2018) Management of dyspnea in the terminally ill. Chest 154:925\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2018.04.003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"7246_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06754-3","volume":"23","author":"A Demoule","year":"2022","unstructured":"Demoule A, Deleris R, Bureau C et al (2022) Low dose of morphine to relieve dyspnea in acute respiratory failure (OpiDys): protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled study. Trials 23:828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-022-06754-3","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"7246_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-010-1058-8","volume":"19","author":"KE Clemens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Clemens KE, Klaschik E (2011) Dyspnoea associated with anxiety\u2014symptomatic therapy with opioids in combination with lorazepam and its effect on ventilation in palliative care patients. Support Care Cancer 19:2027\u20132033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-010-1058-8","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"7246_CR177","first-page":"CD007354","volume":"10","author":"ST Simon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simon ST, Higginson IJ, Booth S et al (2016) Benzodiazepines for the relief of breathlessness in advanced malignant and non-malignant diseases in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10:CD007354","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"7246_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972310391283","volume":"8","author":"EE Pickering","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pickering EE, Semple SJ, Nazir MS et al (2011) Cannabinoid effects on ventilation and breathlessness: a pilot study of efficacy and safety. Chron Respir Dis 8:109\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1479972310391283","journal-title":"Chron Respir Dis"},{"key":"7246_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2017.10.002","volume":"247","author":"C Mor\u00e9lot-Panzini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mor\u00e9lot-Panzini C, O\u2019Donnell CR, Lansing RW et al (2018) Aerosol furosemide for dyspnea: controlled delivery does not improve effectiveness. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 247:146\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2017.10.002","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"7246_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801873","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01873-2018","volume":"53","author":"J Messika","year":"2019","unstructured":"Messika J, Martin Y, Maquigneau N et al (2019) A musical intervention for respiratory comfort during noninvasive ventilation in the ICU. Eur Respir J 53:1801873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01873-2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7246_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201812-2248ED","volume":"199","author":"A Demoule","year":"2019","unstructured":"Demoule A, Similowski T (2019) Respiratory suffering in the ICU: time for our next great cause. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 199:1302\u20131304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201812-2248ED","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Intensive Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00134-023-07246-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00134-023-07246-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00134-023-07246-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T21:19:47Z","timestamp":1709587187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00134-023-07246-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":181,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["7246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-023-07246-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0342-4642","1432-1238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0342-4642","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"AD reports grants from Philips, the French Ministry of Health, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Lungpacer and Respinor, consulting fees from Respinor, Lungpacer, Lowenstein, Tribunal administrative de Cergy and Liberate Medical, payment or honoraria for lectures and presentations from Fisher & Paykel, Baxter, Getinge, AstraZeneca, Agence Europ\u00e9enne Informatique and Mindray, and support for attending meetings and\/or travel from Lungpacer, outside the submitted work. MD reports support for attending meetings and\/or travel from Isis Medical, outside the submitted work. MA reports grants from GE Health Care, Fisher & Paykel and Toray, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Shionogi, Pfizer, Chiesi and Menarini, participation on a data and safety monitoring board or advisory board for Menarini, and is Past President of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), outside the submitted work. LC reports no conflict of interest. FA reports no conflict of interest. DAreports no conflict of interest. EA reports grants from Alexion, Karmatt, and MSD Avenir, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Gilead, GE Health Care (fees paid to research group), Alexion, Sanofi, Pfizer (to author) and Mindray (to hospital), participation on a data and safety monitoring board or advisory board for IQVIA, and receipt of isavuconazole from Pfizer for the trial Efraim 2. MB reports no conflict of interest. MC reports no conflict of interest. GG reports grants from Fisher & Paykel, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Draeger Medical, Fisher & Paykel, and Getinge, outside the submitted work. MH reports no conflict of interest. MJJ reports consulting for Mayne Pharma, outside the submitted work. LN reports no conflict of interest. PN reports grants from Draeger, royalties or licenses from Intersurgical SPA, consulting fees from Mindray, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Getinge, Mindray, Draeger and Intersurgical, support for attending meetings and\/or travel from Fisher & Paykel, patents planned, issued or pending from Intersurgical SPA, and receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts or other services from Mindray, Intersurgical SPA and Draeger, outside the submitted work. PP reports no conflict of interest. RS reports royalties from UpToDate, Inc. for medical writing contributions, outside the submitted work. CW is an employee of the European Lung Foundation. WW reports grants from Lowenstein, Philips\/Respironics and GCI Great Britain, consulting fees from BioNTech Europe GmbH, and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from AstraZeneca, Germany, Sentec, Switzerland, Chiesi, Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany, Novartis, Germany, BioNTech Europe GmbH and Philips\/Respironics, USA, outside the submitted work. LH reports grants from ZonMw, ERS and Liberate Medical, consulting fees from Liberate Medical, and fees for the role as Associate Editor from AJRCCM, outside the submitted work. TS reports consulting fees from AstraZeneca France, Chiesi France, KPL consulting, Lungpacer Inc. and OSO-AI France, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Chiesi France, Vitalaire France and TEVA France, patents planned, issued or pending WO2008006963A3, WO2012004534A1 and WO2013164462A1, and stock or stock options from Austral Dx and Hephai, outside the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}