{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:32:38Z","timestamp":1789147958398,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-025-07864-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T11:18:27Z","timestamp":1744629507000},"page":"681-691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Staircase strategy, tier-three therapies, and effects on outcome in traumatic brain injured patients: the Triple-T TBI study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0316-1451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Picetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Galarza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Arroyo Diez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Badenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Angeles","family":"Ballesteros Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas A.","family":"Barea-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina Georgina","family":"B\u00f3rtoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Bouzat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Citerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Agustin","family":"Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gritti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Magnoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Munari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theveen","family":"Tellambura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"van der Jagt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio Silvio","family":"Taccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Robba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Triple T study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anais","family":"Adolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Aresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa G.","family":"Bogossian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nestor Ivan","family":"Carrizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Cavalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Consonni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Delgado Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Diaz-Tormo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saliha","family":"Ergezen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Geraldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Beltr\u00e1n","family":"Granado Sa\u00e9nz de Tejada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Grandis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matias Nicolas","family":"Kinderknech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Martchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Menegoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berta","family":"Monle\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Montanaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Mudarra Reche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Paolessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Petranca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Polla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melisa Juliana","family":"Polo Friz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nekane","family":"Romero-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clotilde","family":"Schilte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A","family":"Udy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Vidal Tegedor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Zabalegui P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Zona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"7864_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06702-4","volume":"48","author":"G Meyfroidt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meyfroidt G, Bouzat P, Casaer MP, Chesnut R, Hamada SR, Helbok R et al (2022) Management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: an update for the intensivist. Intensive Care Med 48(6):649\u2013666","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"7864_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208708","volume":"370","author":"N Stocchetti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stocchetti N, Maas AI (2014) Traumatic intracranial hypertension. N Engl J Med 370(22):2121\u20132130","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"7864_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1816-9","volume":"21","author":"MC Cnossen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cnossen MC, Huijben JA, van der Jagt M, Volovici V, van Essen T, Polinder S et al (2017) Variation in monitoring and treatment policies for intracranial hypertension in traumatic brain injury: a survey in 66 neurotrauma centers participating in the CENTER-TBI study. Crit Care 21(1):233","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"7864_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06937-1","volume":"49","author":"C Robba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Robba C, Graziano F, Guglielmi A, Rebora P, Galimberti S, Taccone FS et al (2023) Treatments for intracranial hypertension in acute brain-injured patients: grading, timing, and association with outcome: data from the SYNAPSE-ICU study. Intensive Care Med 49(1):50\u201361","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"7864_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03370-y","volume":"25","author":"JA Huijben","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huijben JA, Dixit A, Stocchetti N, Maas AIR, Lingsma HF, van der Jagt M et al (2021) Use and impact of high-intensity treatments in patients with traumatic brain injury across Europe: a CENTER-TBI analysis. Crit Care 25(1):78","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"7864_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05805-9","volume":"45","author":"GWJ Hawryluk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hawryluk GWJ, Aguilera S, Buki A, Bulger E, Citerio G, Cooper DJ et al (2019) A management algorithm for patients with intracranial pressure monitoring: the Seattle International Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Consensus Conference (SIBICC). Intensive Care Med 45(12):1783\u20131794","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"7864_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102077","volume":"364","author":"DJ Cooper","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld JV, Murray L, Arabi YM, Davies AR, D\u2019Urso P et al (2011) Decompressive craniectomy in diffuse traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med 364(16):1493\u20131502","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"7864_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1605215","volume":"375","author":"PJ Hutchinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hutchinson PJ, Kolias AG, Timofeev IS, Corteen EA, Czosnyka M, Timothy J et al (2016) Trial of decompressive craniectomy for traumatic intracranial hypertension. N Engl J Med 375(12):1119\u20131130","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"7864_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507581","volume":"373","author":"PJ Andrews","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andrews PJ, Sinclair HL, Rodriguez A, Harris BA, Battison CG, Rhodes JK et al (2015) Hypothermia for intracranial hypertension after traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med 373(25):2403\u20132412","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7872","key":"7864_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0","volume":"2","author":"G Teasdale","year":"1974","unstructured":"Teasdale G, Jennett B (1974) Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. Lancet 2(7872):81\u201384","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7864_CR11","first-page":"S287","volume":"9","author":"LF Marshall","year":"1992","unstructured":"Marshall LF, Marshall SB, Klauber MR, Van Berkum CM, Eisenberg H, Jane JA et al (1992) The diagnosis of head injury requires a classification based on computed axial tomography. J Neurotrauma 9(Suppl 1):S287\u2013S292","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"7864_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.1","volume":"2","author":"Kidney Diseases: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Acute Kidney Injury Work Group","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kidney Diseases: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Acute Kidney Injury Work Group (2012) Kidney disease improving global outcomes clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl 2:1\u2013138","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"23","key":"7864_CR13","first-page":"2526","volume":"307","author":"ARDS Definition Task Force","year":"2012","unstructured":"Definition Task Force ARDS, Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, Ferguson ND, Caldwell E, Fan E et al (2012) Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition. JAMA 307(23):2526\u20132533","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"7864_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.5_Pt_1.1121","volume":"143","author":"J Pugin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pugin J, Auckenthaler R, Mili N, Janssens JP, Lew PD, Suter PM (1991) Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia by bacteriologic analysis of bronchoscopic and nonbronchoscopic \u201cblind\u201d bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am Rev Respir Dis 143(5 Pt 1):1121\u20131129","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"7864_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1063","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005337","volume":"49","author":"L Evans","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, Antonelli M, Coopersmith CM, French C et al (2021) Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Crit Care Med 49(11):e1063\u2013e1143","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"7864_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1998.15.573","volume":"15","author":"JT Wilson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wilson JT, Pettigrew LE, Teasdale GM (1998) Structured interviews for the Glasgow outcome scale and the extended Glasgow outcome scale: guidelines for their use. J Neurotrauma 15(8):573\u2013585","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"21","key":"7864_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.17075","volume":"320","author":"DJ Cooper","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cooper DJ, Nichol AD, Bailey M, Bernard S, Cameron PA, Pili-Floury S et al (2018) Effect of early sustained prophylactic hypothermia on neurologic outcomes among patients with severe traumatic brain injury: the POLAR randomized clinical trial. JAMA 320(21):2211\u20132220","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"7864_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EA9.0000000000000043","volume":"3","author":"C Iaquaniello","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iaquaniello C, Gallo F, Cinotti R, Citerio G, Taccone FS, Pelosi P et al (2024) The use of tier three therapies in acute brain injured patients: Insight from the Extubation strategies in Neuro-Intensive care unit patients and associations with outcomes observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol Intensive Care 3(1):e0043","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol Intensive Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"7864_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181962ad5","volume":"37","author":"KH Polderman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Polderman KH, Herold I (2009) Therapeutic hypothermia and controlled normothermia in the intensive care unit: practical considerations, side effects, and cooling methods. Crit Care Med 37(3):1101\u20131120","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"7864_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1992.tb03483.x","volume":"36","author":"W Schal\u00e9n","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schal\u00e9n W, Messeter K, Nordstr\u00f6m CH (1992) Complications and side effects during thiopentone therapy in patients with severe head injuries. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 36(4):369\u2013377","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"12","key":"7864_CR21","volume":"12","author":"I Roberts","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roberts I, Sydenham E (2012) Barbiturates for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12(12):CD0000033","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Intensive Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00134-025-07864-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00134-025-07864-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00134-025-07864-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T09:44:43Z","timestamp":1746524683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00134-025-07864-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["7864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-025-07864-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0342-4642","1432-1238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0342-4642","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}