{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:45:22Z","timestamp":1791837922025,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018367","name":"Swedish Foundation for MS Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Starting Grant SG-22-0086-H-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Starting Grant SG-22-0086-H-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["847782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847782"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101137148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101137148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-025-08111-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T14:35:59Z","timestamp":1758551759000},"page":"2104-2116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pathophysiology and clinical applications of PEEP in acute brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Ida Giorgia","family":"Iavarone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia Rieken Macedo","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico Luca","family":"Grieco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Ros\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariangela","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Badenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Asehnoune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Robba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Camporota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1029-6242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Roquilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"8111_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05556-7","volume":"45","author":"SK Frisvold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frisvold SK, Robba C, Gu\u00e9rin C (2019) What respiratory targets should be recommended in patients with brain injury and respiratory failure? Intensive Care Med 45:683\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-019-05556-7","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2017.1235976","volume":"10","author":"B Borsellino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borsellino B, Schultz MJ, Gama De Abreu M, Robba C, Bilotta F (2016) Mechanical ventilation in neurocritical care patients: a systematic literature review. Expert Rev Respir Med 10:1123\u20131132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17476348.2017.1235976","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"8111_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.06.06","volume":"6","author":"PL Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silva PL, Rocco PRM (2018) The basics of respiratory mechanics: ventilator-derived parameters. Ann Transl Med 6:376\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm.2018.06.06","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"8111_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.4.1488","volume":"65","author":"TC Smith","year":"1988","unstructured":"Smith TC, Marini JJ (1988) Impact of PEEP on lung mechanics and work of breathing in severe airflow obstruction. J Appl Physiol 65:1488\u20131499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.4.1488","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"8111_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.06.64","volume":"5","author":"L Gattinoni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gattinoni L, Collino F, Maiolo G, Rapetti F, Romitti F, Tonetti T, Vasques F, Quintel M (2017) Positive end-expiratory pressure: how to set it at the individual level. Ann Transl Med 5:288\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm.2017.06.64","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"8111_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.5.8173744","volume":"149","author":"A Rossi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rossi A, Santos C, Roca J, Torres A, F\u00e9lez MA, Rodriguez-Roisin R (1994) Effects of PEEP on VA\/Q mismatching in ventilated patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:1077\u20131084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.149.5.8173744","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-022-00780-2","volume":"27","author":"M Ziaka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A (2022) ARDS associated acute brain injury: from the lung to the brain. Eur J Med Res 27:150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-022-00780-2","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"8111_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2024.101458","volume":"44","author":"E Barbeta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barbeta E, Ferrando C, L\u00f3pez-Aladid R, Motos A, Bueno-Freire L, Fern\u00e1ndez-Barat L, Soler-Comas A, Palomeque A, Gabarr\u00fas A, Artigas A, Camprub\u00ed-Rimblas M, Li Bassi G, L\u00f3pez-Sobrino T, Sandoval E, Toapanta D, Fern\u00e1ndez S, Mellado-Artigas R, Zattera L, Vallverd\u00fa J, Laffey JG, Ferrer M, Torres A (2025) Association between driving pressure, systemic inflammation and non-pulmonary organ dysfunction in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, a prospective pathophysiological study. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 44:101458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.accpm.2024.101458","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"key":"8111_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-04855-w","volume":"28","author":"M Ziaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A (2024) Pathophysiology of acute lung injury in patients with acute brain injury: the triple-hit hypothesis. Crit Care 28:71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-024-04855-w","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06283-0","volume":"46","author":"C Robba","year":"2020","unstructured":"Robba C, Poole D, McNett M, Asehnoune K, B\u00f6sel J, Bruder N, Chieregato A, Cinotti R, Duranteau J, Einav S, Ercole A, Ferguson N, Guerin C, Siempos II, Kurtz P, Juffermans NP, Mancebo J, Mascia L, McCredie V, Nin N, Oddo M, Pelosi P, Rabinstein AA, Neto AS, Seder DB, Skrifvars MB, Suarez JI, Taccone FS, van der Jagt M, Citerio G, Stevens RD (2020) Mechanical ventilation in patients with acute brain injury: recommendations of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine consensus. Intensive Care Med 46:2397\u20132410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-020-06283-0","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-025-07808-1","volume":"51","author":"C Robba","year":"2025","unstructured":"Robba C, Giardiello D, Almondo C, Asehnoune K, Badenes R, Cinotti R, Elhadi M, Graziano F, Helbok R, Jiang L, Chen W, Laffey JG, Messina A, Putensen C, Schultz MJ, Wahlster S, Rebora P, Galimberti S, Taccone FS, Citerio G, the VENTIBRAIN Study Group, Hu C, Liu T, Dong M, Yang W, Yang Y, Lv Y, Xia H, Zhang B, Dong Q, Xu D, Cao Y, Smith NL, Matin NS, James A, Lele AV, Town JA, Ehrentraut S, Lehmann F, Kreyer S, Muders T, Poth J, Klevenhaus Y, Sauer A, Bode C, Peukert K, Huang Q, Zhang Z, Sun S, Xu M, Yang K, She R, Sang B, Song L, Wu L, Wu L, Zhang H, Bi L, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Z, Feng G, Chao Y, Ciparelli G, Patroniti N, Patroniti N, Paolessi C, Bandoni C, Mandelli M, Ciabatti G, Rusagara P, Orzalesi V, Bucciardini L, Picciafuochi F, De Luca A, Torrini E, Cosenza L, Amigoni M, Mangili P, Piazza V, Friz MJP, Del Bianco S, Valla M, Ogliari G, Addis A, Mej\u00eda-Mantilla JH, Villarreal LG, Marulanda \u00c1, Aldana JL, Figueroa L, Bola\u00f1os LJ, Vivas J, Londo\u00f1o DM, Legros V, Floch T, Leclercq-Rouget M, Seube-Remy P-A, Menage-Innocenti L, Chauchard C, Fossi F, Chieregato A, Pozzi F, Cipolla C, Bortolaso A, Bosa L, Cotoia A, Zimotti T, Di Pierro F, Correnti D, Napolitano L, Ferrara G, Donati A, Gabbanelli V, Pesaresi L, Mariotti G, Gavrielatou E, Gkirgkiris K, Grigoropoulos V, Siempos I, Lindner A, Rass V, Kindl P, Putnina L, Cecconi M, Villa F, Bono D, Cortegiani A, Ingoglia G, Raineri SM, Ippolito M, Wei F, Jiao A, Sannoufa S, Tahawi MN, Takahji ME, Valentina C, Silvia C, Lorenzo G, Ferreira J, Batista D, Hourmant Y, Roquilly A, Cinotti R, Krenn K, Felli A, Hobart P, Eltayeb EEABH, Bannaga HA, Alday UAKA, Piergiorgio L, Michele BZ, Estera H, Gelormini D, Liviero MC, Gottin L, Monle\u00f3n B, Romero-Garc\u00eda N, Elmelliti H, Iqbal P, Solanki F, Abdussalam AL, Elwany A, Shemeis M, Alaa A, Hunain R, Rao S, Siddiqui Z, Olivella-Gomez J, Vi\u00f1\u00e1n-Garc\u00e9s E, Caricato A, Pisapia L, Gelormini C, Tahsili-Fahadan P, Wang J, Altaweel NM, Micheli F, Gritti P, Schilte C, Francony G, Spatenkova V, Brandejs O, Chen H, Chen M, Feng G, Li Y, Ren R, Ferrando C, Zattera L, De Peray C, Recasens A, Elbahnasawy M, Nasreddin M, Shama M, Zhou M, Tang R, Manohara N, Balasubramanian M, Babu I, Hanley C, Nita C, Elsaadany R, Wu W, Mohammed YMI, Elsahli S, Al-Touny A, Alsharif M, Petrun AM, Gom\u00e0 G, Rivera-Ch\u00e1vez MJ, Cho S-M, Bower M, Suarez JI, Liu J, Al-juaifari MA, Henzler D, Khamees A, Felipez TH, Alrayes BMH, Cai S, Godoy D (2025) Ventilation practices in acute brain injured patients and association with outcomes: the VENTIBRAIN multicenter observational study. Intensive Care Med 51:318\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-025-07808-1","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grieco DL, Chen L, Brochard L (2017) Transpulmonary pressure: importance and limits. Ann Transl Med 5:285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm.2017.07.22","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.07.22"},{"key":"8111_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matcom.2020.05.014","volume":"177","author":"S Marconi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marconi S, De Lazzari C (2020) In silico study of airway\/lung mechanics in normal human breathing. Math Comput Simul 177:603\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matcom.2020.05.014","journal-title":"Math Comput Simul"},{"key":"8111_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.10.03","volume":"6","author":"PL Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silva PL, Gama De Abreu M (2018) Regional distribution of transpulmonary pressure. Ann Transl Med 6:385\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm.2018.10.03","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"8111_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1750-x","volume":"21","author":"L Gattinoni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gattinoni L, Marini JJ, Collino F, Maiolo G, Rapetti F, Tonetti T, Vasques F, Quintel M (2017) The future of mechanical ventilation: lessons from the present and the past. Crit Care 21:183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-017-1750-x","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04410-z","volume":"27","author":"S Wahlster","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wahlster S, Sharma M, Taran S, Town JA, Stevens RD, Cinotti R, Asehoune K, Pelosi P, Robba C, ENIO Study Group Collaborators, Abback P, Codorniu A, Citerio G, Sala VL, Astuto M, Tringali E, Alampi D, Rocco M, Maugeri JG, Bellissima A, Filippini M, Lazzeri N, Cortegiani A, Ippolito M, Battaglini D, Biston P, Al-Gharyani MF, Chabanne R, Astier L, Soyer B, Gaugain S, Zimmerli A, Pietsch U, Filipovic M, Brandi G, Bicciato G, Serrano A, Monleon B, Van Vliet P, Gerretsen BM, Ortiz-Macias IX, Oto J, Enomoto N, Matsuda T, Masui N, Gar\u00e7on P, Zarka J, Vermeijden WJ, Cornet AD, Inurrigarro SR, Dom\u00ednguez RCL, Bellini MM, Gomez Haedo MM, Lamot L, Orquera J, Biais M, Georges D, Baronia A, Miranda-Ackerman RC, Barbosa-Camacho FJ, Porter J, Lopez-Morales M, Geeraerts T, Compagnon B, P\u00e9rez-Torres D, Prol-Silva E, Yahya HB, Khaled A, Ghula M, Andrea CN, Daniela PM, Deana C, Vetrugno L, Chavez MJR, Trujillo RM, Legros V, Brochet B, Huet O, Geslain M, Van Der Jagt M, Van Steenkiste J, Ahmed H, Coombs AE, Welbourne J, Velarde Pineda AA, Nubert Castillo VH, Azab MA, Azzam AY, Van Meenen DMP, Gasca GA, Arellano A, Galicia-Espinosa F, Garc\u00eda-Ramos JC, Yadav G, Jha AK, Robert-Edan V, Rodie-Talbere P-A, Jain G, Panda S, Agarwal S, Deewan Y, Gasca GA, Arellano A, Reza ST, Hossain MdM, Papadas C, Chantziara V, Sklavou C, Hourmant Y, Grillot N, Van Steenkiste J, Van Der Jagt M, Pirracchio R, Akkari A, Abdelaty M, Hashim A, Launey Y, Masseret E, Lasocki S, Gergaud S, Mouclier N, Saxena S, Agrawal A, Mishra SB, Samal S, Mijangos JC, Ha\u00ebnggi M, Gurjar M, Schultz MJ, Kaye C, Godoy DA, Alvarez P, Ioakeimidou A, Ueno Y, Badenes R, Suei Elbuzidi AA, Piagnerelli M, Elhadi M, Reza ST, Digitale JC, Fong N, Cerda RC, De La Torre Peredo N (2023) Utilization of mechanical power and associations with clinical outcomes in brain injured patients: a secondary analysis of the extubation strategies in neuro-intensive care unit patients and associations with outcome (ENIO) trial. Crit Care 27:156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-023-04410-z","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000946","volume":"124","author":"E Garc\u00eda-Prieto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Prieto E, L\u00f3pez-Aguilar J, Parra-Ruiz D, Amado-Rodr\u00edguez L, L\u00f3pez-Alonso I, Bl\u00e1zquez-Prieto J, Blanch L, Albaiceta GM (2016) Impact of recruitment on static and dynamic lung strain in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anesthesiology 124:443\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000946","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"8111_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-016-0090-5","volume":"4","author":"GF Nieman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nieman GF, Satalin J, Andrews P, Habashi NM, Gatto LA (2016) Lung stress, strain, and energy load: engineering concepts to understand the mechanism of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). ICMx 4:16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-016-0090-5","journal-title":"ICMx"},{"key":"8111_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827417a6","volume":"41","author":"A Protti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Protti A, Andreis DT, Monti M, Santini A, Sparacino CC, Langer T, Votta E, Gatti S, Lombardi L, Leopardi O, Masson S, Cressoni M, Gattinoni L (2013) Lung stress and strain during mechanical ventilation: any difference between statics and dynamics? Crit Care Med 41:1046\u20131055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827417a6","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31817b8a92","volume":"36","author":"F Manzano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Manzano F, Fern\u00e1ndez-Mond\u00e9jar E, Colmenero M, Poyatos ME, Rivera R, Machado J, Catal\u00e1n I, Artigas A (2008) Positive-end expiratory pressure reduces incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in nonhypoxemic patients. Crit Care Med 36:2225\u20132231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31817b8a92","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208707","volume":"369","author":"AS Slutsky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Slutsky AS, Ranieri VM (2013) Ventilator-induced lung injury. N Engl J Med 369:2126\u20132136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1208707","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8111_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052052","volume":"354","author":"L Gattinoni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gattinoni L, Caironi P, Cressoni M, Chiumello D, Ranieri VM, Quintel M, Russo S, Patroniti N, Cornejo R, Bugedo G (2006) Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 354:1775\u20131786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa052052","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8111_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004716","volume":"139","author":"DL Grieco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grieco DL, Pintaudi G, Bongiovanni F, Anzellotti GM, Menga LS, Cesarano M, Dell\u2019Anna AM, Ros\u00e1 T, Delle Cese L, Bello G, Giammatteo V, Gennenzi V, Tanzarella ES, Cutuli SL, De Pascale G, De Gaetano A, Maggiore SM, Antonelli M (2023) Recruitment-to-inflation ratio assessed through sequential end-expiratory lung volume measurement in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anesthesiology 139:801\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004716","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"8111_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2333-y","volume":"37","author":"J Dellamonica","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dellamonica J, Lerolle N, Sargentini C, Beduneau G, Di Marco F, Mercat A, Richard JCM, Diehl JL, Mancebo J, Rouby JJ, Lu Q, Bernardin G, Brochard L (2011) PEEP-induced changes in lung volume in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Two methods to estimate alveolar recruitment. Intensive Care Med 37:1595\u20131604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-011-2333-y","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1970.28.5.596","volume":"28","author":"J Mead","year":"1970","unstructured":"Mead J, Takishima T, Leith D (1970) Stress distribution in lungs: a model of pulmonary elasticity. J Appl Physiol 28:596\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1970.28.5.596","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"8111_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201308-1567OC","volume":"189","author":"M Cressoni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cressoni M, Cadringher P, Chiurazzi C, Amini M, Gallazzi E, Marino A, Brioni M, Carlesso E, Chiumello D, Quintel M, Bugedo G, Gattinoni L (2014) Lung inhomogeneity in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 189:149\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201308-1567OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0328-z","volume":"39","author":"SMK Rausch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rausch SMK, Haberth\u00fcr D, Stampanoni M, Schittny JC, Wall WA (2011) Local strain distribution in real three-dimensional alveolar geometries. Ann Biomed Eng 39:2835\u20132843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-011-0328-z","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"8111_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-025-00750-y","volume":"13","author":"R Bencze","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bencze R, Kawati R, H\u00e5nell A, Lewen A, Enblad P, Engquist H, Bjarnadottir KJ, Joensen O, Barrueta Tenhunen A, Freden F, Brochard L, Perchiazzi G, Pellegrini M (2025) Intracranial response to positive end-expiratory pressure is influenced by lung recruitability and gas distribution during mechanical ventilation in acute brain injury patients: a proof-of-concept physiological study. ICMx 13:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-025-00750-y","journal-title":"ICMx"},{"key":"8111_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202310-1895OC","volume":"209","author":"MLA Sousa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sousa MLA, Katira BH, Bouch S, Hsing V, Engelberts D, Amato MBP, Post M, Brochard LJ (2024) Limiting overdistention or collapse when mechanically ventilating injured lungs: a randomized study in a porcine model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 209:1441\u20131452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202310-1895OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202402-0383OC","volume":"210","author":"S Cappio Borlino","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cappio Borlino S, Hagry J, Lai C, Rocca E, Fouqu\u00e9 G, Rosalba D, Fasan M, Shi R, Recanatini A, Cisterna I, Barotti M, Pham T, Teboul J-L, Monnet X (2024) The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on pulmonary vascular resistance depends on lung recruitability in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 210:900\u2013907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202402-0383OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3307-7","volume":"40","author":"M Lemyze","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lemyze M, Mallat J (2014) Understanding negative pressure pulmonary edema. Intensive Care Med 40:1140\u20131143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-014-3307-7","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05325-7","volume":"29","author":"MLA Sousa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sousa MLA, Menga LS, Schreiber A, Docci M, Vieira F, Katira BH, Pellegrini M, Dubo S, Doufl\u00e9 G, Costa ELV, Post M, Amato MBP, Brochard L (2025) Individualized PEEP can improve both pulmonary hemodynamics and lung function in acute lung injury. Crit Care 29:107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-025-05325-7","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000486","volume":"3","author":"T Mauri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mauri T (2021) Personalized positive end-expiratory pressure and tidal volume in acute respiratory distress syndrome: bedside physiology-based approach. Crit Care Explor 3:e0486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000486","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"8111_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2662-8","volume":"23","author":"C Robba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robba C, Bonatti G, Battaglini D, Rocco PRM, Pelosi P (2019) Mechanical ventilation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: from pathophysiology to clinical practice. Crit Care 23:388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-019-2662-8","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1161\/hs0901.095406","volume":"32","author":"D Georgiadis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Georgiadis D, Schwarz S, Baumgartner RW, Veltkamp R, Schwab S (2001) Influence of positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with acute stroke. Stroke 32:2088\u20132092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/hs0901.095406","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8111_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181c587fd","volume":"38","author":"E Foug\u00e8res","year":"2010","unstructured":"Foug\u00e8res E, Teboul J-L, Richard C, Osman D, Chemla D, Monnet X (2010) Hemodynamic impact of a positive end-expiratory pressure setting in acute respiratory distress syndrome: Importance of the volume status. Crit Care Med 38:802\u2013807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181c587fd","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.09.001","volume":"35","author":"D Battaglini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Battaglini D, Siwicka Gieroba D, Brunetti I, Patroniti N, Bonatti G, Rocco PRM, Pelosi P, Robba C (2021) Mechanical ventilation in neurocritical care setting: a clinical approach. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 35:207\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.09.001","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"8111_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.4.1171","volume":"59","author":"RJ O\u2019Quin","year":"1985","unstructured":"O\u2019Quin RJ, Marini JJ, Culver BH, Butler J (1985) Transmission of airway pressure to pleural space during lung edema and chest wall restriction. J Appl Physiol 59:1171\u20131177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.4.1171","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"8111_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.04.29","volume":"6","author":"SS Mahmood","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahmood SS, Pinsky MR (2018) Heart-lung interactions during mechanical ventilation: the basics. Ann Transl Med 6:349\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm.2018.04.29","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"8111_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.1.67","volume":"106","author":"G Huemer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Huemer G, Kolev N, Kurz A, Zimpfer M (1994) Influence of positive end-expiratory pressure on right and left ventricular performance assessed by Doppler two-dimensional echocardiography. Chest 106:67\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.106.1.67","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"8111_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2021.01.002","volume":"21","author":"A Corp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corp A, Thomas C, Adlam M (2021) The cardiovascular effects of positive pressure ventilation. BJA Educ 21:202\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjae.2021.01.002","journal-title":"BJA Educ"},{"key":"8111_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.162","volume":"99","author":"F Jardin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jardin F, Brun-Ney D, Hardy A, Aegerter P, Beauchet A, Bourdarias J-P (1991) Combined thermodilution and two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular function during respiratory support with PEEP. Chest 99:162\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.99.1.162","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"8111_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01764-7","volume":"20","author":"HP Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li HP, Lin YN, Cheng ZH, Qu W, Zhang L, Li QY (2020) Intracranial-to-central venous pressure gap predicts the responsiveness of intracranial pressure to PEEP in patients with traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study. BMC Neurol 20:234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-020-01764-7","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"8111_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.46.2.0227","volume":"46","author":"MLJ Apuzzo","year":"1977","unstructured":"Apuzzo MLJ, Weiss MH, Petersons V, Small RB, Kurze T, Heiden JS (1977) Effect of positive end expiratory pressure ventilation on intracranial pressure in man. J Neurosurg 46:227\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1977.46.2.0227","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"8111_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.070409","volume":"560","author":"J Gisolf","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gisolf J, Van Lieshout JJ, Van Heusden K, Pott F, Stok WJ, Karemaker JM (2004) Human cerebral venous outflow pathway depends on posture and central venous pressure. J Physiol 560:317\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.070409","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"8111_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.05.011","volume":"182","author":"S Magder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magder S, Guerard B (2012) Heart\u2013lung interactions and pulmonary buffering: Lessons from a computational modeling study. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 182:60\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2012.05.011","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"8111_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.1.19","volume":"143","author":"HE Fessler","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fessler HE, Brower RG, Wise RA, Permutt S (1991) Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on the gradient for venous return. Am Rev Respir Dis 143:19\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.1.19","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"8111_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.3.688","volume":"146","author":"S Nanas","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nanas S, Magder S (1992) Adaptations of the peripheral circulation to PEEP. Am Rev Respir Dis 146:688\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.3.688","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"8111_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200211-1360CC","volume":"169","author":"S Magder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Magder S (2004) Clinical usefulness of respiratory variations in arterial pressure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169:151\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200211-1360CC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.5.1110","volume":"53","author":"TS Hakim","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hakim TS, Michel RP, Chang HK (1982) Effect of lung inflation on pulmonary vascular resistance by arterial and venous occlusion. J Appl Physiol 53:1110\u20131115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.5.1110","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"8111_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.24.17982-5","author":"T Ros\u00e0","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ros\u00e0 T, Bongiovanni F, Michi T, Mastropietro C, Menga LS, De Pascale G, Antonelli M, Grieco DL (2024) Recruitment-to-inflation ratio for bedside PEEP selection in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Minerva Anestesiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0375-9393.24.17982-5","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"8111_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-05173-x","volume":"28","author":"G Scaramuzzo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Scaramuzzo G, Pavlovsky B, Adler A, Baccinelli W, Bodor DL, Damiani LF, Franchineau G, Francovich J, Frerichs I, Giralt JAS, Grychtol B, He H, Katira BH, Koopman AA, Leonhardt S, Menga LS, Mousa A, Pellegrini M, Piraino T, Priani P, Somhorst P, Spinelli E, H\u00e4ndel C, Su\u00e1rez-Sipmann F, Wisse JJ, Becher T, Jonkman AH (2024) Electrical impedance tomography monitoring in adult ICU patients: state-of-the-art, recommendations for standardized acquisition, processing, and clinical use, and future directions. Crit Care 28:377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-024-05173-x","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5086-z","volume":"44","author":"M Oddo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oddo M, Poole D, Helbok R, Meyfroidt G, Stocchetti N, Bouzat P, Cecconi M, Geeraerts T, Martin-Loeches I, Quintard H, Taccone FS, Geocadin RG, Hemphill C, Ichai C, Menon D, Payen J-F, Perner A, Smith M, Suarez J, Videtta W, Zanier ER, Citerio G (2018) Fluid therapy in neurointensive care patients: ESICM consensus and clinical practice recommendations. Intensive Care Med 44:449\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-018-5086-z","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89463-2","volume":"11","author":"Y-H Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y-H, Lai Y-J, Huang C-Y, Lin H-L, Huang C-C (2021) Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on the predictability of fluid responsiveness in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Sci Rep 11:10186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-89463-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8111_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00162-9","volume":"20","author":"EJA Wiegers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wiegers EJA, Lingsma HF, Huijben JA, Cooper DJ, Citerio G, Frisvold S, Helbok R, Maas AIR, Menon DK, Moore EM, Stocchetti N, Dippel DW, Steyerberg EW, Van Der Jagt M, Brooker J, Bragge P, Rosenfeld J, Cooper JD, Helbok R, Beer R, Schoechl H, Rusn\u00e1k M, Schwendenwein E, Antoni A, De Keyser V, Menovsky T, Van Praag D, Maas AIR, Van Der Steen G, Parizel PM, Vande Vyvere T, Depreitere B, Van Hecke W, Verheyden J, Misset B, Ledoux D, Laureys S, Ghuysen A, Mar\u00e9chal H, Duli\u00e8re G-L, Gao G, Jiang J, Kondziella D, Fabricius M, Schou RF, Blaabjerg M, Rosenlund C, Piippo-Karjalainen A, Raj R, Pirinen M, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Yl\u00e9n P, Posti JP, Tenovuo O, Takala R, Payen J-F, Vega E, Lejeune A, Audibert G, Degos V, Benali H, Galanaud D, Perlbarg V, Puybasset L, Azouvi P, Legrand V, Dahyot-Fizelier C, Rossaint R, Coburn MS, Kowark A, Clusmann H, Dreier J, Wolf S, Vajkoczy P, Maegele M, Gratz J, Sch\u00e4fer N, Lefering R, Covic A, Von Steinb\u00fcchel N, Schmidt S, Bullinger M, Younsi A, Unterberg A, Mattern J, Sakowitz O, Sanchez-Porras R, Perera N, Beauvais R, Sandor J, Czeiter E, Buki A, Ezer E, V\u00e1mos Z, Melegh B, Tam\u00e1s V, Sorinola A, Kov\u00e1cs N, Nyir\u00e1di J, Amrein K, Barz\u00f3 P, Gupta D, Levi L, Rosenthal G, Furmanov A, Martino C, Beretta L, Calvi MR, Azzolini ML, Stocchetti N, Calappi E, Zoerle T, Ortolano F, Carbonara M, Caccioppola A, Citerio G, Vargiolu A, Citerio G, Chieregato A, Chevallard G, Della Corte F, Grossi F, Rossi S, Persona P, Berardino M, Cavallo S, Rambadagalla M, Ziverte A, Giga L, Valeinis E, Vilcinis R, Tamosuitis T, Rocka S, Ragauskas A, Van Der Naalt J, Jacobs B, Steyerberg EW, Bartels R, Den Boogert H, Kompanje E, Timmers M, Foks K, Haitsma I, Volovici V, Van Der Jagt M, Haagsma JA, Mikolic A, Lingsma H, Velt K, Huijben J, Voormolen D, Nieboer D, Wiegers E, Sewalt C, Gravesteijn B, Polinder S, Steyerberg EW, Tibboel D, Van Wijk R, Van Dijck JTJM, Van Essen TA, Peul W, Schoonman G, Jones K, Feigin VL, Te Ao B, Theadom A, Helseth E, Roe C, Roise O, Roise O, Andelic N, Frisvold S, Andreassen L, Anke A, Vik A, Skandsen T, Vik A, Skandsen T, Ples H, Tudora CM, Negru A, Vulekovic P, \u0110ilvesi \u0110, Karan M, Golubovic J, Rehorc\u00edkov\u00e1 V, Taylor MS, Brazinova A, Majdan M, Sahuquillo J, Radoi A, Carbayo Lozano G, Pomposo I, Lagares A, Gomez PA, Casta\u00f1o-Le\u00f3n AM, Gagliardo P, Oresic M, Bellander B-M, Lanyon L, George P, Muraleedharan V, Nelson D, Ackerlund C, Koskinen L-O, Sundstr\u00f6m N, Brorsson C, Belli A, Manara A, Thomas M, Czosnyka M, Smielewski P, Cabeleira M, Coles J, Richardson S, Zeiler FA, Stamatakis E, Williams G, Menon D, Ercole A, Dixit A, Newcombe V, Richter S, McFadyen C, Hutchinson PJ, Kolias AG, Adams H, Correia M, Rhodes J, Stewart W, McMahon C, Rueckert D, Glocker B, Tolias C, Dawes H, Esser P, Van Heugten C, Curry N, Stanworth S, Lecky F, Lecky F, Otesile O, Johnson F, Dark P, Jankowski S, Lightfoot R, Wilson L, Horton L, Stevens R, Palotie A, Rosand J, Manley G, Jarrett M, Brinck V, Wang KKW, Yang Z, Vespa PM, Gruen RL, Cameron P, Donoghue E, Cooper JD, Gantner D, Gruen R, Murray L, Rosenfeld JV, Varma D, Trapani T, Vallance S, MacIsaac C, Jordan A (2021) Fluid balance and outcome in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury (CENTER-TBI and OzENTER-TBI): a prospective, multicentre, comparative effectiveness study. Lancet Neurol 20:627\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00162-9","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"8111_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(83)90032-2","volume":"52","author":"SA Magder","year":"1983","unstructured":"Magder SA, Lichtenstein S, Adelman AG (1983) Effects of negative pleural pressure on left ventricular hemodynamics. Am J Cardiol 52:588\u2013593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9149(83)90032-2","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"8111_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04424-7","volume":"27","author":"C Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai C, Shi R, Beurton A, Moretto F, Ayed S, Fage N, Gavelli F, Pavot A, Dres M, Teboul J-L, Monnet X (2023) The increase in cardiac output induced by a decrease in positive end-expiratory pressure reliably detects volume responsiveness: the PEEP-test study. Crit Care 27:136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-023-04424-7","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-023-01725-1","volume":"40","author":"D Battaglini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Battaglini D, De Rosa S, Godoy DA (2024) Crosstalk between the nervous system and systemic organs in acute brain injury. Neurocrit Care 40:337\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-023-01725-1","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5439-7","volume":"44","author":"M Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith M, Meyfroidt G (2018) Focus on the brain and systemic organ systems: when essential interactions become toxic relationships. Intensive Care Med 44:2263\u20132266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-018-5439-7","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4583-1","volume":"43","author":"L Blanch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blanch L, Quintel M (2017) Lung\u2013brain cross talk in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med 43:557\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-016-4583-1","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6738-0_25","volume-title":"Intracranial pressure and brain biochemical monitoring","author":"W Videtta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Videtta W, Villarejo F, Cohen M, Domeniconi G, Cruz RS, Pinillos O, Rios F, Maskin B (2002) Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. In: Czosnyka M, Pickard JD, Kirkpatrick PJ, Smielewski P, Hutchinson P (eds) Intracranial pressure and brain biochemical monitoring. Springer, Vienna, pp 93\u201397"},{"key":"8111_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.711273","volume":"12","author":"C Robba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Robba C, Ball L, Nogas S, Battaglini D, Messina A, Brunetti I, Minetti G, Castellan L, Rocco PRM, Pelosi P (2021) Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on lung recruitment, respiratory mechanics, and intracranial pressure in mechanically ventilated brain-injured patients. Front Physiol 12:711273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.711273","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"8111_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03778-0","volume":"25","author":"M Ziaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A (2021) Brain\u2013lung interactions and mechanical ventilation in patients with isolated brain injury. Crit Care 25:358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-021-03778-0","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000152806.19198.DB","volume":"58","author":"A Caricato","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caricato A, Conti G, Corte FD, Mancino A, Santilli F, Sandroni C, Proietti R, Antonelli M (2005) Effects of PEEP on the intracranial system of patients with head injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage: the role of respiratory system compliance. J Trauma injury Infect Cri Care 58:571\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.TA.0000152806.19198.DB","journal-title":"J Trauma injury Infect Cri Care"},{"key":"8111_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1979.01370340099017","volume":"114","author":"JC Chapin","year":"1979","unstructured":"Chapin JC (1979) Lung expansion, airway pressure transmission, and positive end-expiratory pressure. Arch Surg 114:1193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archsurg.1979.01370340099017","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"8111_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000181732.37319.DF","volume":"33","author":"E Muench","year":"2005","unstructured":"Muench E, Bauhuf C, Roth H, Horn P, Phillips M, Marquetant N, Quintel M, Vajkoczy P (2005) Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on regional cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and brain tissue oxygenation. Crit Care Med 33:2367\u20132372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.CCM.0000181732.37319.DF","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-016-0328-9","volume":"26","author":"MD Boone","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boone MD, Jinadasa SP, Mueller A, Shaefi S, Kasper EM, Hanafy KA, O\u2019Gara BP, Talmor DS (2017) The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure and cerebral hemodynamics. Neurocrit Care 26:174\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-016-0328-9","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199706000-00025","volume":"25","author":"G McGuire","year":"1997","unstructured":"McGuire G, Crossley D, Richards J, Wong D (1997) Effects of varying levels of positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. Crit Care Med 25:1059\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-199706000-00025","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1132-2","volume":"18","author":"H Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen H, Chen K, Xu J-Q, Zhang Y-R, Yu R-G, Zhou J-X (2018) Intracranial pressure responsiveness to positive end-expiratory pressure is influenced by chest wall elastance: a physiological study in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. BMC Neurol 18:124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-018-1132-2","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"8111_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2491-2","volume":"31","author":"L Mascia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mascia L, Grasso S, Fiore T, Bruno F, Berardino M, Ducati A (2005) Cerebro-pulmonary interactions during the application of low levels of positive end-expiratory pressure. Intensive Care Med 31:373\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-004-2491-2","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02875-w","volume":"24","author":"E Picetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Picetti E, Pelosi P, Taccone FS, Citerio G, Mancebo J, Robba C (2020) VENTILatOry strategies in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: the VENTILO Survey of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Crit Care 24:158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-020-02875-w","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-03903-7","volume":"26","author":"C Robba","year":"2022","unstructured":"Robba C, Ball L, Battaglini D, Iannuzzi F, Brunetti I, Fiaschi P, Zona G, Taccone FS, Messina A, Mongodi S, Pelosi P (2022) Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on lung ultrasound patterns and their correlation with intracranial pressure in mechanically ventilated brain injured patients. Crit Care 26:31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-022-03903-7","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.333532","volume":"69","author":"N Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta N, Singh VK, Jafa S (2021) Correlation of positive end-expiratory and intracranial pressure using the ultrasonographic-guided measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter in traumatic brain injury patients. Neurol India 69:1670\u20131674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0028-3886.333532","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"8111_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2015.07.019","volume":"30","author":"SN Nemer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nemer SN, Caldeira JB, Santos RG, Guimar\u00e3es BL, Garcia JM, Prado D, Silva RT, Azeredo LM, Faria ER, Souza PCP (2015) Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on brain tissue oxygen pressure of severe traumatic brain injury patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pilot study. J Crit Care 30:1263\u20131266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2015.07.019","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-2825-7","volume":"24","author":"FS Taccone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taccone FS, De Oliveira Manoel AL, Robba C, Vincent J-L (2020) Use a \u201cGHOST-CAP\u201d in acute brain injury. Crit Care 24:89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-020-2825-7","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4764-6","volume":"43","author":"K Asehnoune","year":"2017","unstructured":"Asehnoune K, Mrozek S, Perrigault PF, Seguin P, Dahyot-Fizelier C, Lasocki S, Pujol A, Martin M, Chabanne R, Muller L, Hanouz JL, Hammad E, Rozec B, Kerforne T, Ichai C, Cinotti R, Geeraerts T, Elaroussi D, Pelosi P, Jaber S, Dalichampt M, Feuillet F, Sebille V, Roquilly A, BI-VILI Study Group (2017) A multi-faceted strategy to reduce ventilation-associated mortality in brain-injured patients. The BI-VILI project: a nationwide quality improvement project. Intensive Care Med 43:957\u2013970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-017-4764-6","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201301-0116OC","volume":"188","author":"A Roquilly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roquilly A, Cinotti R, Jaber S, Vourc\u2019h M, Pengam F, Mahe PJ, Lakhal K, Demeure Dit Latte D, Rondeau N, Loutrel O, Paulus J, Rozec B, Blanloeil Y, Vibet M-A, Sebille V, Feuillet F, Asehnoune K (2013) Implementation of an evidence-based extubation readiness bundle in 499 brain-injured patients. A before-after evaluation of a quality improvement project. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188:958\u2013966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201301-0116OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07043-6","author":"C Robba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Robba C, Camporota L, Citerio G (2023) Acute respiratory distress syndrome complicating traumatic brain injury. Can opposite strategies converge? Intensive Care Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-023-07043-6","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.04.002","volume":"34","author":"WM Armstead","year":"2016","unstructured":"Armstead WM (2016) Cerebral blood flow autoregulation and dysautoregulation. Anesthesiol Clin 34:465\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.04.002","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"8111_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182514eb6","volume":"40","author":"MJH Aries","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aries MJH, Czosnyka M, Budohoski KP, Steiner LA, Lavinio A, Kolias AG, Hutchinson PJ, Brady KM, Menon DK, Pickard JD, Smielewski P (2012) Continuous determination of optimal cerebral perfusion pressure in traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 40:2456\u20132463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182514eb6","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0197","volume":"38","author":"J Tas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tas J, Beqiri E, Van Kaam RC, Czosnyka M, Donnelly J, Haeren RH, Van Der Horst ICC, Hutchinson PJ, Van Kuijk SMJ, Liberti AL, Menon DK, Hoedemaekers CWE, Depreitere B, Smielewski P, Meyfroidt G, Ercole A, Aries MJH (2021) Targeting autoregulation-guided cerebral perfusion pressure after traumatic brain injury (COGiTATE): a feasibility randomized controlled clinical trial. J Neurotrauma 38:2790\u20132800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2021.0197","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"8111_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2021.01193","volume":"37","author":"AA Chac\u00f3n-Aponte","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chac\u00f3n-Aponte AA, Dur\u00e1n-Vargas \u00c9A, Ar\u00e9valo-Carrillo JA, Lozada-Mart\u00ednez ID, Bola\u00f1o-Romero MP, Moscote-Salazar LR, Grille P, Janjua T (2022) Brain-lung interaction: a vicious cycle in traumatic brain injury. Acute Crit Care 37:35\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4266\/acc.2021.01193","journal-title":"Acute Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0782-y","volume":"19","author":"F Lovisari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lovisari F, Fodor GH, Pet\u00e1k F, Habre W, Bayat S (2019) Effect of PEEP and I:E ratio on cerebral oxygenation in ARDS: an experimental study in anesthetized rabbit. BMC Anesthesiol 19:110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-019-0782-y","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"8111_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3261","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.228551","volume":"590","author":"CK Willie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Willie CK, Macleod DB, Shaw AD, Smith KJ, Tzeng YC, Eves ND, Ikeda K, Graham J, Lewis NC, Day TA, Ainslie PN (2012) Regional brain blood flow in man during acute changes in arterial blood gases. J Physiol 590:3261\u20133275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.228551","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"8111_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P41","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10189","volume":"15","author":"S Nemer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nemer S, Santos R, Caldeira J, Reis P, Guimar\u00e3es B, Loureiro T, Ramos R, Farias E, Prado D, Turon R (2011) Positive end-expiratory pressure can increase brain tissue oxygen pressure in hypoxemic severe traumatic brain injury patients. Crit Care 15:P41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc10189","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-009-9242-8","volume":"11","author":"L Mascia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mascia L (2009) Acute lung injury in patients with severe brain injury: a double hit model. Neurocrit Care 11:417\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-009-9242-8","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10259","volume":"15","author":"P Pelosi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pelosi P, Rocco PR (2011) The lung and the brain: a dangerous cross-talk. Crit Care 15:168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc10259","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8111_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2233-1","volume":"37","author":"RD Stevens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stevens RD, Puybasset L (2011) The brain\u2013lung\u2013brain axis. Intensive Care Med 37:1054\u20131056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-011-2233-1","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8111_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jointm.2023.08.001","volume":"4","author":"G Zunino","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zunino G, Battaglini D, Godoy DA (2024) Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and brain oxygenation in acute brain injury: friend or foe? A scoping review. J Intensive Med 4:247\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jointm.2023.08.001","journal-title":"J Intensive Med"},{"key":"8111_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.22.16425-4","author":"F Sanfilippo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sanfilippo F, Bignami EG, Astuto M, Messina A, Cammarota G, Maggiore SM, Vetrugno L (2022) Understanding left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in anesthesia and intensive care patients: a glass with progressive shape change. Minerva Anestesiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0375-9393.22.16425-4","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"8111_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2023.101260","volume":"42","author":"C Gil-Jardin\u00e9","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gil-Jardin\u00e9 C, Payen J-F, Bernard R, Bobbia X, Bouzat P, Catoire P, Chauvin A, Claessens Y-E, Douay B, Dubucs X, Galanaud D, Gauss T, Gauvrit J-Y, Geeraerts T, Glize B, Goddet S, Godier A, Le Borgne P, Rousseau G, Sapin V, Velly L, Viglino D, Vigue B, Cuvillon P, Frasca D, Claret P-G (2023) Management of patients suffering from mild traumatic brain injury 2023. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 42:101260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.accpm.2023.101260","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"}],"container-title":["Intensive Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00134-025-08111-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00134-025-08111-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00134-025-08111-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T18:18:07Z","timestamp":1764181087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00134-025-08111-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["8111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-025-08111-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0342-4642","1432-1238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0342-4642","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. Roquilly receiving grants from MSD, and consulting fees from MSD. CR is a Deputy Editor for Intensive Care Medicine. She has not taken part in the review or selection process of this article. Other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"No ethics approval was needed for this narrative review.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}