{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:51:17Z","timestamp":1792666277967,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009471","name":"EkstraStiftelsen Helse og Rehabilitering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/FO347303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/FO347303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005366","name":"University of Oslo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-025-08139-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T11:07:40Z","timestamp":1759748860000},"page":"2042-2053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of The Caregiver Pathway intervention on symptoms of post-intensive care syndrome among family caregivers to critically ill patients: long-term results from a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6644-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solbj\u00f8rg","family":"Watland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9261-0871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lise","family":"Solberg Nes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ivind","family":"Ekeberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6388-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Rostrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4108-391X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirjam","family":"Ekstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8947-8649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milada","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3897-7055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elin","family":"B\u00f8r\u00f8sund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"8139_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318236ebf9","volume":"40","author":"JE Davidson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Davidson JE, Jones C, Bienvenu OJ (2012) Family response to critical illness: postintensive care syndrome-family. Crit Care Med 40(2):618\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318236ebf9","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8139_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002169","volume":"45","author":"JE Davidson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davidson JE, Aslakson RA, Long AC, Puntillo KA, Kross EK, Hart J, Cox CE, Wunsch H, Wickline MA, Nunnally ME, Netzer G, Kentish-Barnes N, Sprung CL, Hartog CS, Coombs M, Gerritsen RT, Hopkins RO, Franck LS, Skrobik Y, Kon AA, Scruth EA, Harvey MA, Lewis-Newby M, White DB, Swoboda SM, Cooke CR, Levy MM, Azoulay E, Curtis JR (2017) Guidelines for family-centered care in the neonatal, pediatric, and adult ICU. Crit Care Med 45(1):103\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002169","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"8139_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.4.200108-006oc","volume":"165","author":"E Azoulay","year":"2002","unstructured":"Azoulay E, Pochard F, Chevret S, Jourdain M, Bornstain C, Wernet A, Cattaneo I, Annane D, Brun F, Bollaert PE, Zahar JR, Goldgran-Toledano D, Adrie C, Joly LM, Tayoro J, Desmettre T, Pigne E, Parrot A, Sanchez O, Poisson C, Le Gall JR, Schlemmer B, Lemaire F (2002) Impact of a family information leaflet on effectiveness of information provided to family members of intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165(4):438\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.165.4.200108-006oc","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"8139_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31824e1b43","volume":"40","author":"M Garrouste-Orgeas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garrouste-Orgeas M, Coquet I, P\u00e9rier A, Timsit J, Pochard F, Lancrin F, Philippart F, Vesin A, Bruel C, Blel Y, Angeli S, Cousin N, Carlet J, Misset B (2012) Impact of an intensive care unit diary on psychological distress in patients and relatives. Crit Care Med 40(7):2033\u20132040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31824e1b43","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8139_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006093","volume":"52","author":"BM Dijkstra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dijkstra BM, Rood PJT, Teerenstra S, Rutten AMF, Leerentveld C, Burgers-Bonthuis DC, Festen-Spanjer B, Klarenbeek T, Van Den Boogaard M, Ewalds E, Schoonhoven L, Van Der Hoeven JG, Vloet LCM (2024) Effect of a standardized family participation Program in the ICU: a Multicenter stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med 52(3):420\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006093","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"8139_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-0900OC","volume":"193","author":"JR Curtis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Curtis JR, Treece PD, Nielsen EL, Gold J, Ciechanowski PS, Shannon SE, Khandelwal N, Young JP, Engelberg RA (2016) Randomized trial of communication facilitators to reduce family distress and intensity of end-of-life care. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 193(2):154\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201505-0900OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"8139_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-024-07390-y","volume":"50","author":"N Kentish-Barnes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kentish-Barnes N, Azoulay E, Reignier J, Cariou A, Lafarge A, Huet O, Gargadennec T, Renault A, Souppart V, Clavier P, Dilosquer F, Leroux L, L\u00e9g\u00e9 S, Renet A, Brumback LC, Engelberg RA, Pochard F, Resche-Rigon M, Curtis JR (2024) A randomised controlled trial of a nurse facilitator to promote communication for family members of critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 50(5):712\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-024-07390-y","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"8139_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4669-9","volume":"43","author":"N Kentish-Barnes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kentish-Barnes N, Chevret S, Champigneulle B, Thirion M, Souppart V, Gilbert M, Lesieur O, Renault A, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Argaud L, Venot M, Demoule A, Guisset O, Vinatier I, Troch\u00e9 G, Massot J, Jaber S, Bornstain C, Gaday V, Robert R, Rigaud JP, Cinotti R, Adda M, Thomas F, Calvet L, Galon M, Cohen-Solal Z, Cariou A, Azoulay E (2017) Effect of a condolence letter on grief symptoms among relatives of patients who died in the ICU: a randomized clinical trial. Intensive Care Med 43(4):473\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-016-4669-9","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"8139_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07215-4","volume":"49","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoffmann M, Jeitziner MM, Riedl R, Mueller G, Peer A, Bachlechner A, Heindl P, Burgsteiner H, Schefold JC, von Lewinski D, Eller P, Pieber T, Sendlhofer G, Amrein K (2023) Effects of an online information tool on post-traumatic stress disorder in relatives of intensive care unit patients: a multicenter double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (ICU-Families-Study). Intensive Care Med 49(11):1317\u20131326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-023-07215-4","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8139_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.939","volume":"11","author":"K Shirasaki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shirasaki K, Hifumi T, Nakanishi N, Nosaka N, Miyamoto K, Komachi MH, Haruna J, Inoue S, Otani N (2024) Postintensive care syndrome family: a comprehensive review. Acute Med Surg 11(1):939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ams2.939","journal-title":"Acute Med Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"8139_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005011","volume":"49","author":"SJ Cherak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cherak SJ, Rosgen BK, Amarbayan M, Wollny K, Doig CJ, Patten SB, Stelfox HT, Fiest KM (2021) Mental health interventions to improve psychological outcomes in informal caregivers of critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 49(9):1414\u20131426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005011","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"8139_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15962","volume":"31","author":"A Abdul Halain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdul Halain A, Tang LY, Chong MC, Ibrahim NA, Abdullah KL (2022) Psychological distress among the family members of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients: a scoping review. J Clin Nurs 31(5\u20136):497\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.15962","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"8139_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2014.10.017","volume":"30","author":"AI Czerwonka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Czerwonka AI, Herridge MS, Chan L, Chu LM, Matte A, Cameron JI (2015) Changing support needs of survivors of complex critical illness and their family caregivers across the care continuum: a qualitative pilot study of Towards RECOVER. J Crit Care 30(2):242\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2014.10.017","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"8139_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46299","DOI":"10.2196\/46299","volume":"7","author":"S Watland","year":"2023","unstructured":"Watland S, Solberg Nes L, Hanson E, Ekstedt M, Stenberg U, B\u00f8r\u00f8sund E (2023) The caregiver pathway, a model for the systematic and individualized follow-up of family caregivers at intensive care units: development study. JMIR Form Res 7:46299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/46299","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"8139_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006546","volume":"53","author":"S Watland","year":"2025","unstructured":"Watland S, Solberg Nes L, Ekeberg \u00d8, Rostrup M, Hanson E, Ekstedt M, Stenberg U, Hagen M, B\u00f8r\u00f8sund E (2025) The caregiver pathway intervention can contribute to reduced post-intensive care syndrome among family caregivers of icu survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med 53(3):555\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006546","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8139_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0046","volume":"167","author":"I Boutron","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boutron I, Altman DG, Moher D, Schulz KF, Ravaud P, CONSORT NPI Group (2017) CONSORT statement for randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatments: a 2017 update and a CONSORT extension for nonpharmacologic trial abstracts. Ann Intern Med 167(1):40\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M17-0046","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"8139_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063446","volume":"356","author":"A Lautrette","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lautrette A, Darmon M, Megarbane B, Joly LM, Chevret S, Adrie C, Barnoud D, Bleichner G, Bruel C, Choukroun G, Curtis JR, Fieux F, Galliot R, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Georges H, Goldgran-Toledano D, Jourdain M, Loubert G, Reignier J, Saidi F, Souweine B, Vincent F, Barnes NK, Pochard F, Schlemmer B, Azoulay E (2007) A communication strategy and brochure for relatives of patients dying in the ICU. N Engl J Med 356(5):469\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa063446","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8139_CR18","first-page":"168","volume-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD","author":"D Weiss","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weiss D (2004) The impact of event scale-revised. In: Wilson JP, Keane TM (eds) Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD, 2nd edn. The Guilford Press, New York, pp 168\u2013187","edition":"2"},{"issue":"3","key":"8139_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200203000-00006","volume":"190","author":"N Asukai","year":"2002","unstructured":"Asukai N, Kato H, Kawamura N, Kim Y, Yamamoto K, Kishimoto J, Miyake Y, Nishizono-Maher A (2002) Reliability and validity of the Japanese-language version of the impact of event scale-revised (IES-R-J): four studies of different traumatic events. J Nerv Ment Dis 190(3):175\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005053-200203000-00006","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"8139_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.07.010","volume":"41","author":"M Creamer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Creamer M, Bell R, Failla S (2003) Psychometric properties of the impact of event scale-revised. Behav Res Ther 41(12):1489\u20131496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2003.07.010","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"8139_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41.1","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10003","volume":"15","author":"A Peris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peris A, Bonizzoli M, Iozzelli D, Migliaccio ML, Zagli G, Bacchereti A, Debolini M, Vannini E, Solaro M, Balzi I, Bendoni E, Bacchi I, Trevisan M, Giovannini V, Belloni L (2011) Early intra-intensive care unit psychological intervention promotes recovery from post traumatic stress disorders, anxiety and depression symptoms in critically ill patients. Crit Care 15(1):41.1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc10003","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8139_CR22","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD","author":"JP Wilson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wilson JP (2004) PTSD and Complex PTSD Symptoms, Syndromes, and Diagnoses. In: Wilson JP, Keane TM (eds) Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD, 2nd edn. The Guilford Press, New York, pp 7\u201344","edition":"2"},{"key":"8139_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-29","author":"RP Snaith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Snaith RP (2003) The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Health Qual Life Outcomes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7525-1-29","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"6","key":"8139_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","volume":"67","author":"AS Zigmond","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zigmond AS, Snaith RP (1983) The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 67(6):361\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"8139_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","volume":"34","author":"J Ware","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ware J, Kosinski M, Keller S (1996) A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care 34(3):220\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"8139_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1992.tb01843.x","volume":"17","author":"K Herth","year":"1992","unstructured":"Herth K (1992) Abbreviated instrument to measure hope: development and psychometric evaluation. J Adv Nurs 17(10):1251\u20131259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1992.tb01843.x","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"8139_CR27","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Measures in health psychology: a user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs","author":"R Schwarzer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M (1995) Generalized self-efficacy scale (GSE). In: Weinman J (ed) Measures in health psychology: a user\u2019s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs. NFER-NELSON, Windsor, pp 35\u201337"},{"issue":"1","key":"8139_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-022-01992-0","volume":"20","author":"JR Andersen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andersen JR, Breivik K, Engelund IE, Iversen MM, Kirkeleit J, Norekv\u00e5l TM, Oterhals K, Storesund A (2022) Correlated physical and mental health composite scores for the RAND-36 and RAND-12 health surveys: can we keep them simple? Health Qual Life Outcomes 20(1):89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-022-01992-0","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"2","key":"8139_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3999(01)00296-3","volume":"52","author":"I Bjelland","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bjelland I, Dahl AA, Haug TT, Neckelmann D (2002) The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review. J Psychosom Res 52(2):69\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3999(01)00296-3","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"8139_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480903118190","volume":"63","author":"J Eid","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eid J, Larsson G, Johnsen BH, Laberg JC, Bartone PT, Carlstedt B (2009) Psychometric properties of the Norwegian impact of event scale-revised in a non-clinical sample. Nord J Psychiatry 63(5):426\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08039480903118190","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"8139_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440008400288","volume":"15","author":"A Leganger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Leganger A, Kraft P, R\u00f8ysamb E (2000) Perceived self-efficacy in health behaviour research: conceptualisation, measurement and correlates. Psychol Health 15(1):51\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08870440008400288","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"8139_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.179.6.540","volume":"179","author":"A Mykletun","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mykletun A, Stordal E, Dahl AA (2001) Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale: factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population. Br J Psychiatry 179:540\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.179.6.540","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"8139_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1017\/s1478951504040349","volume":"2","author":"AK Wahl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wahl AK, Rust\u00f8en T, Lerdal A, Hanestad BR, Knudsen \u00d8 Jr, Moum T (2004) The Norwegian version of the Herth Hope Index (HHI-N): a psychometric study. Palliat Support Care 2(3):255\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1478951504040349","journal-title":"Palliat Support Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"8139_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0225235","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225235","volume":"14","author":"RRL Fumis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fumis RRL, Ferraz AB, de Castro I, Barros de Oliveira HS, Moock M, Vieira Junior MV (2019) Correction: Mental health and quality of life outcomes in family members of patients with chronic critical illness admitted to the intensive care units of two Brazilian hospitals serving the extremes of the socioeconomic spectrum. PLoS\u00a0One 14(11):0225235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0225235","journal-title":"PLoS\u00a0One"},{"issue":"3","key":"8139_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.5114\/ait.2023.130831","volume":"55","author":"Z Putowski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Putowski Z, Rachfalska N, Majewska K, Megger K, Krzych \u0141 (2023) Identification of risk factors for post-intensive care syndrome in family members (PICS-F) among adult patients: a systematic review. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther 55(3):168\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/ait.2023.130831","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"8139_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5260-3","volume":"44","author":"J Meyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meyer J, Brett SJ, Waldmann C (2018) Should ICU clinicians follow patients after ICU discharge? Yes Intensive Care Med 44(9):1539\u20131541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-018-5260-3","journal-title":"Yes Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"8139_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.13077","volume":"29","author":"F Gravante","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gravante F, Trotta F, Latina S, Simeone S, Alvaro R, Vellone E, Pucciarelli G (2024) Quality of life in ICU survivors and their relatives with post-intensive care syndrome: a systematic review. Nurs Crit Care 29(4):807\u2013823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nicc.13077","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"8139_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2478\/jccm-2022-0014","volume":"8","author":"S Love Rhoads","year":"2022","unstructured":"Love Rhoads S, Trikalinos TA, Levy MM, Amass T (2022) Intensive care based interventions to reduce family member stress disorders: a systematic review of the literature. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures) 8(3):145\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/jccm-2022-0014","journal-title":"J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures)"},{"issue":"6","key":"8139_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2005.00482.x","volume":"46","author":"J Eid","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eid J, Johnsen BH, Saus ER (2005) Trauma narratives and emotional processing. Scand J Psychol 46(6):503\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2005.00482.x","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8139_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07005-y","volume":"49","author":"N Kentish-Barnes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kentish-Barnes N, Meddick-Dyson S (2023) A continuum of communication: family centred care at the end of life in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 49(4):444\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-023-07005-y","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"8139_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.21.0048","volume":"25","author":"MH Ahmad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmad MH, Teo SP (2021) Post-intensive care syndrome. Ann Geriatr Med Res 25(2):72\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4235\/agmr.21.0048","journal-title":"Ann Geriatr Med Res"},{"key":"8139_CR42","first-page":"987","volume":"39","author":"J Eid","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eid J, Johnsen BH (2002) Diagnosen akutt stresslidelse og forebygging av posttraumatisk stresslidelse. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening 39:987\u2013995","journal-title":"Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening"},{"issue":"11","key":"8139_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-024-07579-1","volume":"50","author":"J Kesecioglu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kesecioglu J, Rusinova K, Alampi D, Arabi YM, Benbenishty J, Benoit D, Boulanger C, Cecconi M, Cox C, van Dam M, van Dijk D, Downar J, Efstathiou N, Endacott R, Galazzi A, van Gelder F, Gerritsen RT, Girbes A, Hawyrluck L, Herridge M, Hudec J, Kentish-Barnes N, Kerckhoffs M, Latour JM, Malaska J, Marra A, Meddick-Dyson S, Mentzelopoulos S, Mer M, Metaxa V, Michalsen A, Mishra R, Mistraletti G, van Mol M, Moreno R, Nelson J, Su\u00f1er AO, Pattison N, Prokopova T, Puntillo K, Puxty K, Qahtani SA, Radbruch L, Rodriguez-Ruiz E, Sabar R, Schaller SJ, Siddiqui S, Sprung CL, Umbrello M, Vergano M, Zambon M, Zegers M, Darmon M, Azoulay E (2024) European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines on end of life and palliative care in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 50(11):1740\u20131766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-024-07579-1","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"10325","key":"8139_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02176-0","volume":"399","author":"N Kentish-Barnes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kentish-Barnes N, Chevret S, Valade S, Jaber S, Kerhuel L, Guisset O, Martin M, Mazaud A, Papazian L, Argaud L, Demoule A, Schnell D, Lebas E, Ethuin F, Hammad E, Merceron S, Audibert J, Blayau C, Delannoy PY, Lautrette A, Lesieur O, Renault A, Reuter D, Terzi N, Philippon-Jouve B, Fiancette M, Ramakers M, Rigaud JP, Souppart V, Asehnoune K, Champigneulle B, Goldgran-Toledano D, Dubost JL, Bollaert PE, Chouquer R, Pochard F, Cariou A, Azoulay E (2022) A three-step support strategy for relatives of patients dying in the intensive care unit: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet 399(10325):656\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02176-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"8139_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05550-z","volume":"45","author":"B Wendlandt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wendlandt B, Ceppe A, Choudhury S, Cox CE, Hanson LC, Danis M, Tulsky JA, Nelson JE, Carson SS (2019) Modifiable elements of ICU supportive care and communication are associated with surrogates\u2019 PTSD symptoms. Intensive Care Med 45(5):619\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-019-05550-z","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"8139_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07025-8","volume":"49","author":"L Papazian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Papazian L, Hraiech S, Loundou A, Herridge MS, Boyer L (2023) High-level burnout in physicians and nurses working in adult ICUs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 49(4):387\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-023-07025-8","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"8139_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05647-5","volume":"45","author":"KJ Haines","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haines KJ, Sevin CM, Hibbert E, Boehm LM, Aparanji K, Bakhru RN, Bastin AJ, Beesley SJ, Butcher BW, Drumright K, Eaton TL, Farley T, Firshman P, Fritschle A, Holdsworth C, Hope AA, Johnson A, Kenes MT, Khan BA, Kloos JA, Kross EK, MacLeod-Smith BJ, Mactavish P, Meyer J, Montgomery-Yates A, Quasim T, Saft HL, Slack A, Stollings J, Weinhouse G, Whitten J, Netzer G, Hopkins RO, Mikkelsen ME, Iwashyna TJ, McPeake J (2019) Key mechanisms by which post-ICU activities can improve in-ICU care: results of the international THRIVE collaboratives. Intensive Care Med 45(7):939\u2013947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-019-05647-5","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"8139_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000525","volume":"42","author":"D Elliott","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elliott D, Davidson JE, Harvey MA, Bemis-Dougherty A, Hopkins RO, Iwashyna TJ, Wagner J, Weinert C, Wunsch H, Bienvenu OJ, Black G, Brady S, Brodsky MB, Deutschman C, Doepp D, Flatley C, Fosnight S, Gittler M, Gomez BT, Hyzy R, Louis D, Mandel R, Maxwell C, Muldoon SR, Perme CS, Reilly C, Robinson MR, Rubin E, Schmidt DM, Schuller J, Scruth E, Siegal E, Spill GR, Sprenger S, Straumanis JP, Sutton P, Swoboda SM, Twaddle ML, Needham DM (2014) Exploring the scope of Post-intensive care syndrome therapy and care: engagement of non-critical care providers and survivors in a second stakeholders meeting. Crit Care Med 42(12):2518\u20132526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000525","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8139_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/13561820.2022.2038548","volume":"37","author":"AM Nygaard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nygaard AM, Haugdahl HS, Brinchmann BS, Lind R (2023) Interprofessional care for the ICU patient\u2019s family: solitary teamwork. J Interprof Care 37(1):11\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13561820.2022.2038548","journal-title":"J Interprof Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"8139_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006583","volume":"53","author":"OJ Bienvenu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bienvenu OJ (2025) A promising new intervention to improve the mental health of family caregivers of critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 53(3):728\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006583","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Intensive Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00134-025-08139-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00134-025-08139-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00134-025-08139-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T18:04:33Z","timestamp":1764180273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00134-025-08139-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["8139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-025-08139-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0342-4642","1432-1238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0342-4642","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics South-East Norway (199446) and the Institutional review board equivalent at Oslo University Hospital (Personvernombudet 21\/03594).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The study was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NTC04839406) prior to the inclusion of participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Registration"}}]}}