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MA declares grants from Timpel S.A., Covidien\/Medtronic, Orange Med\/Nihon Koden, and Madnamed Lung Ventilators, alongside consulting fees from Timpel S.A. and Magnamed Lung Ventilators, personal fees from Medtronics, and shares in Timpel S.A. EBK has received lecturing fees from Hamilton Medical Inc. outside the submitted work and has received a KL2 award from Harvard Catalyst, The Sciences, National Institutes of Health award No. TR002542. GB reports consulting fees from Flowmeter SPA and Gaea OU, personal fees from Draeger Medical and Fisher and Paykel, alongside stock in DICO technologies. CSC receives research support from the National Institutes of Health and the US Department of Defense (to her institution); her institution previously received support for her research from Roche\u2013Genentech. She has served as a consultant to Arrowhead, Calcimedica, EnliTISA, Novartis, Aerogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, Healios, Matisse, Vasomune, and Gen1e Life Sciences. LH receives consultancy fees from Liberate Medical (USA), and research grants from Pulmotech (the Netherlands) and Liberate Medical (USA). CLH receives funding from an NHMRC Investigator Grant (GNT2033103). PN declares no conflicts of interest. ASN declares no conflicts of interest. SS receives funding from the NIH\/NHLBI, DoD\/USAMRAA, alongside personal consulting fees from Getinge Inc. CS is Chair of the UKRI-Medical Research Council Experimental Medicine Panel, and her institution receives funding to support her research from UKRI-Medical Research Council (MR\/X005070\/1; MR\/S035753\/1), the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR133788), and the Wellcome Trust. IT receives funding from CIHR, alongside teaching honoraria from Getinge Inc., and her personal partner holds equity in MbMED S.A. TY declares no conflicts of interest. AS has received funding from Vantive, Predicate, Signal-1, safeBVM, and Thornhill Medical. NDF has received consulting fees from Baxter Inc. Carol Hodgson is a Section Editor for Intensive Care Medicine. She has not taken part in the review or selection process of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}