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GDK has received consulting fees from InflaRx, Inc., unrelated to this work, and serves on the Advisory Board of KeepBio. BJM has received funding from Genentech, Inc., and consulting fees from KeViRx, both unrelated to this work. AM has received funding from Pfizer, Inc., unrelated to this work. All other authors disclosed no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Pittsburgh Acute Lung Injury Registry and Biospecimen Repository (ALIR) cohort and the Pitt-COVID cohort were approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board (IRB) (STUDY19050099 and STUDY20040036), and written informed consent was obtained from participants or their legally authorized representatives. The EDEN trial was approved by the institutional review boards at each participating site under the oversight of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ARDS Network, and all participants provided informed consent. The ACTIV-4A trial was approved by a central institutional review board (WIRB, protocol 20202415), and all participants provided informed consent prior to enrollment. The Registry of Critical Illness (RoCI) cohort was approved by the Partners Human Research Committee (IRB of Mass General Brigham), and written informed consent was obtained from participants or their surrogates. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}