{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:08:56Z","timestamp":1793171336965,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-026-08511-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T06:32:55Z","timestamp":1782109975000},"page":"1833-1852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["PEEP and alveolar recruitment after 60\u00a0years of acute respiratory distress syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Domenico Luca","family":"Grieco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rem\u00ec","family":"Coudroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemijn H.","family":"Jonkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Collino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca S.","family":"Menga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Ros\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glasiele","family":"Alcala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Vaporidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Telias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Camporota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. Marco","family":"Ranieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Brochard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1828-9143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore M.","family":"Maggiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"8511_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502062920604","volume":"292","author":"PM Suter","year":"1975","unstructured":"Suter PM, Fairley B, Isenberg MD (1975) Optimum end-expiratory airway pressure in patients with acute pulmonary failure. N Engl J Med 292:284\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM197502062920604","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8511_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.73.2.158","volume":"73","author":"PM Suter","year":"1978","unstructured":"Suter PM, Fairley HB, Isenberg MD (1978) Effect of tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure on compliance during mechanical ventilation. Chest 73:158\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.73.2.158","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"8511_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107042","volume":"51","author":"KJ Falke","year":"1972","unstructured":"Falke KJ, Pontoppidan H, Kumar A et al (1972) Ventilation with end-expiratory pressure in acute lung disease. J Clin Investig 51:2315\u20132323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI107042","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"8511_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06715-z","volume":"48","author":"AH Jonkman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jonkman AH, Ranieri VM, Brochard L (2022) Lung recruitment. Intensive Care Med 48:936\u2013938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-022-06715-z","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR5","unstructured":"Navalesi P, Maggiore SM (2012) Positive end-expiratory pressure. In: Tobin M (ed) Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 3rd edn. McGraw Hill, New York, USA, pp 253\u2013304"},{"key":"8511_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801","volume":"342","author":"RG Brower","year":"2000","unstructured":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, Brower RG, Matthay MA et al (2000) Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 342:1301\u20131308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8511_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2004215","volume":"163","author":"JC Richard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Richard JC, Maggiore SM, Jonson B et al (2001) Influence of tidal volume on alveolar recruitment. Respective role of PEEP and a recruitment maneuver. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163:1609\u20131613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2004215","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.218","volume":"303","author":"M Briel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Briel M, Meade M, Mercat A et al (2010) Higher vs lower positive end-expiratory pressure in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 303:865\u2013873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2010.218","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"8511_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.6.646","volume":"299","author":"A Mercat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mercat A, Richard JM, Vielle B et al (2008) Positive end-expiratory pressure setting in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299:646\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.299.6.646","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"8511_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001383","volume":"44","author":"RM Kacmarek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kacmarek RM, Villar J, Sulemanji D et al (2016) Open lung approach for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pilot, randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med 44:32\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001383","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032193","volume":"351","author":"RG Brower","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brower RG, Lanken PN, MacIntyre N et al (2004) Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory pressures in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 351:327\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa032193","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8511_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.6.637","volume":"299","author":"MO Meade","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meade MO, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH et al (2008) Ventilation strategy using low tidal volumes, recruitment maneuvers, and high positive end-expiratory pressure for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299:637\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.299.6.637","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"8511_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Writing Group for the Alveolar Recruitment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Trial (ART) Investigators, Cavalcanti AB, Suzumura \u00c9A et al (2017) Effect of lung recruitment and titrated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) vs low PEEP on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 318:1335\u20131345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.14171","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.14171"},{"key":"8511_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.012","volume":"134","author":"IS Maia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maia IS, Cavalcanti AB, Tramujas L et al (2025) Effect of a driving pressure-limiting strategy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to community-acquired pneumonia: the STAMINA randomised clinical trial. Br J Anaesth 134:693\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.012","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"8511_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.5.2006071","volume":"164","author":"SM Maggiore","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maggiore SM, Jonson B, Richard J-CC et al (2001) Alveolar derecruitment at decremental positive end-expiratory pressure levels in acute lung injury: comparison with the lower inflection point, oxygenation, and compliance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:795\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.164.5.2006071","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07050-7","volume":"49","author":"G Grasselli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grasselli G, Calfee CS, Camporota L et al (2023) European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Guidelines on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: definition, phenotyping and respiratory support strategies. Intensive Care Med 49:727\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-023-07050-7","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202311-2011ST","volume":"209","author":"E Fan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fan E, Walkey AJ, Summers C et al (2024) An update on management of adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: an official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 209:24\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202311-2011ST","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","volume":"315","author":"G Bellani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T et al (2016) Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries. JAMA 315:788\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"8511_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1410639","volume":"372","author":"MBP Amato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amato MBP, Meade MO, Slutsky AS et al (2015) Driving pressure and survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 372:747\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMsa1410639","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8511_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201404-0688OC","volume":"190","author":"EC Goligher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goligher EC, Kavanagh BP, Rubenfeld GD et al (2014) Oxygenation response to positive end-expiratory pressure predicts mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a secondary analysis of the LOVS and express trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 190:70\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201404-0688OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052052","volume":"354","author":"L Gattinoni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gattinoni L, Caironi P, Cressoni M et al (2006) Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 354:1775\u20131786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa052052","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8511_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200506-1006OC","volume":"174","author":"S Tsuchida","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tsuchida S, Engelberts D, Peltekova V et al (2006) Atelectasis causes alveolar injury in nonatelectatic lung regions. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174:279\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200506-1006OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201010-1757OC","volume":"183","author":"A Protti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Protti A, Cressoni M, Santini A et al (2011) Lung stress and strain during mechanical ventilation: any safe threshold? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 183:1354\u20131362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201010-1757OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827417a6","volume":"41","author":"A Protti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Protti A, Andreis DT, Monti M et al (2013) Lung stress and strain during mechanical ventilation: any difference between statics and dynamics? Crit Care Med 41:1046\u20131055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827417a6","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-026-05843-y","author":"DL Grieco","year":"2026","unstructured":"Grieco DL, Collino F, Steinberg I et al (2026) Lung recruitability determines the impact of PEEP on mechanical power in ARDS. Crit Care. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-026-05843-y","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318287f6e7","volume":"41","author":"T Mauri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mauri T, Bellani G, Confalonieri A et al (2013) Topographic distribution of tidal ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome: effects of positive end-expiratory pressure and pressure support. Crit Care Med 41:1664\u20131673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318287f6e7","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201008-1318OC","volume":"183","author":"G Bellani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bellani G, Guerra L, Musch G et al (2011) Lung regional metabolic activity and gas volume changes induced by tidal ventilation in patients with acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 183:1193\u20131199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201008-1318OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181aab31f","volume":"37","author":"G Bellani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bellani G, Messa C, Guerra L et al (2009) Lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome show diffuse inflammation in normally aerated regions: a [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET\/CT study. Crit Care Med 37:2216\u20132222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181aab31f","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00948.2025","author":"LS Menga","year":"2026","unstructured":"Menga LS, Sousa M, Sun N et al (2026) Global vs. regional effects of PEEP on recruitment and strain: insights from preclinical and clinical studies. J Appl Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00948.2025","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"8511_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201308-1567OC","volume":"189","author":"M Cressoni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cressoni M, Cadringher P, Chiurazzi C et al (2014) Lung inhomogeneity in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 189:149\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201308-1567OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4754-8","volume":"43","author":"M Cressoni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cressoni M, Chiumello D, Algieri I et al (2017) Opening pressures and atelectrauma in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med 43:603\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-017-4754-8","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200301000-00014","volume":"31","author":"J-C Richard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Richard J-C, Brochard L, Vandelet P et al (2003) Respective effects of end-expiratory and end-inspiratory pressures on alveolar recruitment in acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 31:89\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-200301000-00014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200205-435OC","volume":"167","author":"JM Halter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Halter JM, Steinberg JM, Schiller HJ et al (2003) Positive end-expiratory pressure after a recruitment maneuver prevents both alveolar collapse and recruitment\/derecruitment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167:1620\u20131626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200205-435OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002458","volume":"130","author":"F Collino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Collino F, Rapetti F, Vasques F et al (2019) Positive end-expiratory pressure and mechanical power. Anesthesiology 130:119\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002458","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"8511_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maezawa T, Hoshino T, Fadlillah Firstiogusran AM, et al (2026) Lung stress mapping: an innovative technology to visualize the hidden risk of ventilator-induced lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 212:452\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamaf146","DOI":"10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamaf146"},{"key":"8511_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e123","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000926","volume":"43","author":"JB Borges","year":"2015","unstructured":"Borges JB, Costa ELV, Bergquist M et al (2015) Lung inflammation persists after 27\u00a0hours of protective acute respiratory distress syndrome network strategy and is concentrated in the nondependent lung. Crit Care Med 43:e123\u2013e132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000926","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31829a822a","volume":"42","author":"K Wakabayashi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wakabayashi K, Wilson MR, Tatham KC et al (2014) Volutrauma, but not atelectrauma, induces systemic cytokine production by lung-marginated monocytes. Crit Care Med 42:e49\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31829a822a","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e854","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001721","volume":"44","author":"A G\u00fcldner","year":"2016","unstructured":"G\u00fcldner A, Braune A, Ball L et al (2016) Comparative effects of volutrauma and atelectrauma on lung inflammation in experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 44:e854\u2013e865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001721","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201702-0388LE","volume":"197","author":"L Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen L, Del Sorbo L, Grieco DL et al (2018) Airway closure in acute respiratory distress syndrome: an underestimated and misinterpreted phenomenon. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 197:132\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201702-0388LE","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003444","volume":"133","author":"R Coudroy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coudroy R, Vimpere D, Aissaoui N et al (2020) Prevalence of complete airway closure according to body mass index in acute respiratory distress syndrome: pooled cohort analysis. Anesthesiology 133:867\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003444","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"8511_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5501-5","volume":"45","author":"R Coudroy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coudroy R, Lu C, Chen L et al (2019) Mechanism of airway closure in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a possible role of surfactant depletion. Intensive Care Med 45:290\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-018-5501-5","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201806-1111OC","volume":"199","author":"DL Grieco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grieco DL, Brochard LJ, Drouet A et al (2019) Intrathoracic airway closure impacts CO2 signal and delivered ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 199:728\u2013737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201806-1111OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1970.29.3.340","volume":"29","author":"JM Hughes","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hughes JM, Rosenzweig DY, Kivitz PB (1970) Site of airway closure in excised dog lungs: histologic demonstration. J Appl Physiol 29:340\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1970.29.3.340","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"8511_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.39.1.60","volume":"39","author":"JR Rodarte","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rodarte JR, Hyatt RE, Cortese DA (1975) Influence of expiratory flow on closing capacity at low expiratory flow rates. J Appl Physiol 39:60\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1975.39.1.60","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"8511_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04560-0","volume":"27","author":"AF Haudebourg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haudebourg AF, Moncomble E, Lesimple A et al (2023) A novel method for assessment of airway opening pressure without the need for low-flow insufflation. Crit Care 27:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-023-04560-0","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.1.8111581","volume":"149","author":"VM Ranieri","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ranieri VM, Giuliani R, Fiore T et al (1994) Volume-pressure curve of the respiratory system predicts effects of PEEP in ARDS: \u201cocclusion\u201d versus \u201cconstant flow\u201d technique. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:19\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.149.1.8111581","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802053380602","volume":"338","author":"MB Amato","year":"1998","unstructured":"Amato MB, Barbas CS, Medeiros DM et al (1998) Effect of a protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 338:347\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199802053380602","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8511_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000215598.84885.01","volume":"34","author":"J Villar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Villar J, Kacmarek RM, P\u00e9rez-M\u00e9ndez L, Aguirre-Jaime A (2006) A high positive end-expiratory pressure, low tidal volume ventilatory strategy improves outcome in persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med 34:1311\u20131318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.CCM.0000215598.84885.01","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201706-1155LE","volume":"197","author":"X-M Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun X-M, Chen G-Q, Zhou Y-M et al (2018) Airway closure could be confirmed by electrical impedance tomography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 197:138\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201706-1155LE","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06562-4","volume":"48","author":"S Rossi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rossi S, Palumbo MM, Sverzellati N et al (2022) Mechanisms of oxygenation responses to proning and recruitment in COVID-19 pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 48:56\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-021-06562-4","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003715","volume":"47","author":"S Coppola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coppola S, Froio S, Marino A et al (2019) Respiratory mechanics, lung recruitability, and gas exchange in pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 47:792\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003715","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"National Heart, Lung and BIARDS (ARDS) CTN, Wiedemann HP, Wheeler AP et al (2006) Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med 354:2564\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa062200","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062200"},{"key":"8511_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.5.3098","volume":"128","author":"Y Sakr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sakr Y, Vincent J-L, Reinhart K et al (2005) High tidal volume and positive fluid balance are associated with worse outcome in acute lung injury. Chest 128:3098\u20133108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.128.5.3098","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"8511_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sousa MLA, Menga LS, Schreiber A et al (2025) Individualized PEEP can improve both pulmonary hemodynamics and lung function in acute lung injury. Crit Care 29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-025-05325-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05325-7"},{"key":"8511_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202310-1895OC","volume":"209","author":"MLA Sousa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sousa MLA, Katira BH, Bouch S et al (2024) Limiting overdistention or collapse when mechanically ventilating injured lungs: a randomized study in a porcine model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 209:1441\u20131452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202310-1895OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201801-0178OC","volume":"198","author":"BH Katira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Katira BH, Engelberts D, Otulakowski G et al (2018) Abrupt deflation after sustained inflation causes lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 198:1165\u20131176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201801-0178OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR57","first-page":"112","volume":"112","author":"JF Tomashefski","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tomashefski JF, Davies P, Boggis C et al (1983) The pulmonary vascular lesions of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Pathol 112:112\u2013126","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"8511_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-3017-6","volume":"39","author":"G Lh\u00e9ritier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lh\u00e9ritier G, Legras A, Caille A et al (2013) Prevalence and prognostic value of acute cor pulmonale and patent foramen ovale in ventilated patients with early acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicenter study. Intensive Care Med 39:1734\u20131742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-013-3017-6","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-2941-9","volume":"39","author":"F Boissier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boissier F, Katsahian S, Razazi K et al (2013) Prevalence and prognosis of cor pulmonale during protective ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med 39:1725\u20131733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-013-2941-9","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-0877","volume":"147","author":"X Repess\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Repess\u00e9 X, Charron C, Vieillard-Baron A (2015) Acute cor pulmonale in ARDS: rationale for protecting the right ventricle. Chest 147:259\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.14-0877","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"8511_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202402-0383OC","volume":"210","author":"S Cappio Borlino","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cappio Borlino S, Hagry J, Lai C et al (2024) The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on pulmonary vascular resistance depends on lung recruitability in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 210:900\u2013907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202402-0383OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-024-01255-x","volume":"39","author":"A Messina","year":"2025","unstructured":"Messina A, Grieco DL, Alicino V et al (2025) Assessing fluid responsiveness by using functional hemodynamic tests in critically ill patients: a narrative review and a profile-based clinical guide. J Clin Monit Comput 39:481\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10877-024-01255-x","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"8511_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06310-0","volume":"46","author":"P Vignon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vignon P, Evrard B, Asfar P et al (2020) Fluid administration and monitoring in ARDS: which management? Intensive Care Med 46:2252\u20132264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-020-06310-0","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02068","volume":"58","author":"M-C Pintado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pintado M-C, de Pablo R, Trascasa M et al (2013) Individualized PEEP setting in subjects with ARDS: a randomized controlled pilot study. Respir Care 58:1416\u20131423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4187\/respcare.02068","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"8511_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-017-0299-9","volume":"7","author":"N Eronia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eronia N, Mauri T, Maffezzini E et al (2017) Bedside selection of positive end-expiratory pressure by electrical impedance tomography in hypoxemic patients: a feasibility study. Ann Intensive Care 7:76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-017-0299-9","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"8511_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/cc989","volume":"5","author":"R Naeije","year":"2001","unstructured":"Naeije R, Brimioulle S (2001) Physiology in medicine: importance of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in maintaining arterial oxygenation during acute respiratory failure. Crit Care 5:67\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc989","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.77.5.636","volume":"77","author":"DR Dantzker","year":"1980","unstructured":"Dantzker DR, Lynch JP, Weg JG (1980) Depression of cardiac output is a mechanism of shunt reduction in the therapy of acute respiratory failure. Chest 77:636\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.77.5.636","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"8511_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1569-2","volume":"35","author":"A Mekontso Dessap","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mekontso Dessap A, Charron C, Devaquet J et al (2009) Impact of acute hypercapnia and augmented positive end-expiratory pressure on right ventricle function in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med 35:1850\u20131858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-009-1569-2","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103844","volume":"298","author":"AM Dell\u2019Anna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Anna AM, Carelli S, Cicetti M et al (2022) Hemodynamic response to positive end-expiratory pressure and prone position in COVID-19 ARDS. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 298:103844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103844","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"8511_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0546-x","volume":"33","author":"J Takala","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takala J (2007) Hypoxemia due to increased venous admixture: influence of cardiac output on oxygenation. Intensive Care Med 33:908\u2013911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-007-0546-x","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181eaa9c8","volume":"38","author":"A Mekontso Dessap","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mekontso Dessap A, Boissier F, Leon R et al (2010) Prevalence and prognosis of shunting across patent foramen ovale during acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 38:1786\u20131792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181eaa9c8","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.3_Pt_1.544","volume":"144","author":"VM Ranieri","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ranieri VM, Eissa NT, Corbeil C et al (1991) Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on alveolar recruitment and gas exchange in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 144:544\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.3_Pt_1.544","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"8511_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2333-y","volume":"37","author":"J Dellamonica","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dellamonica J, Lerolle N, Sargentini C et al (2011) PEEP-induced changes in lung volume in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Two methods to estimate alveolar recruitment. Intensive Care Med 37:1595\u20131604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-011-2333-y","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weller D, Somhorst P, den Uil C et al (2026) Setting PEEP in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS: a physiological comparison between methods. Intensive Care Med Exp 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-026-00885-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-026-00885-6"},{"key":"8511_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jonkman AH, Alcala GC, Pavlovsky B, et al (2023) Lung Recruitment Assessed by Electrical Impedance Tomography (RECRUIT): A Multicenter Study of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 208:25\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202212-2300OC","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202212-2300OC"},{"key":"8511_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000001121","volume":"30","author":"LS Menga","year":"2024","unstructured":"Menga LS, Subir\u00e0 C, Wong A et al (2024) Setting positive end-expiratory pressure: does the \u201cbest compliance\u201d concept really work? Curr Opin Crit Care 30:20\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCC.0000000000001121","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04109-7","volume":"26","author":"DL Grieco","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grieco DL, Bongiovanni F, Dell\u2019Anna AM, Antonelli M (2022) Why compliance and driving pressure may be inappropriate targets for PEEP setting during ARDS. Crit Care 26:234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-022-04109-7","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04506-6","volume":"27","author":"F Mojoli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mojoli F, Pozzi M, Arisi E et al (2023) Tidal lung hysteresis to interpret PEEP-induced changes in compliance in ARDS patients. Crit Care 27:233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-023-04506-6","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Coppola S, Pozzi T, Gurgitano M et al (2021) Radiological pattern in ARDS patients: partitioned respiratory mechanics, gas exchange and lung recruitability. Ann Intensive Care 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-021-00870-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-021-00870-0"},{"key":"8511_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340051317","volume":"26","author":"JJ Rouby","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rouby JJ, Puybasset L, Cluzel P et al (2000) Regional distribution of gas and tissue in acute respiratory distress syndrome. II. Physiological correlations and definition of an ARDS Severity Score. CT Scan ARDS Study Group. Intensive Care Med 26:1046\u20131056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001340051317","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27s","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00420503","volume":"42","author":"JJ Rouby","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rouby JJ, Lu Q, Vieira S (2003) Pressure\/volume curves and lung computed tomography in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Eur Respir J Suppl 42:27s\u201336s. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.03.00420503","journal-title":"Eur Respir J Suppl"},{"key":"8511_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30138-9","volume":"7","author":"J-M Constantin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Constantin J-M, Jabaudon M, Lefrant J-Y et al (2019) Personalised mechanical ventilation tailored to lung morphology versus low positive end-expiratory pressure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in France (the LIVE study): a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med 7:870\u2013880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30138-9","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"8511_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-023-01154-5","volume":"13","author":"F Pennati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pennati F, Aliverti A, Pozzi T et al (2023) Machine learning predicts lung recruitment in acute respiratory distress syndrome using single lung CT scan. Ann Intensive Care 13:60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-023-01154-5","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"8511_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-025-00835-8","volume":"13","author":"JS Sinnige","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sinnige JS, Smit MR, Alam MJ et al (2025) Personalized mechanical ventilation guided by lung ultrasound in patients with ARDS: a pilot phase of a randomized clinical trial. Intensive care Med Exp 13:135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-025-00835-8","journal-title":"Intensive care Med Exp"},{"key":"8511_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000770","volume":"43","author":"P Caironi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caironi P, Carlesso E, Cressoni M et al (2015) Lung recruitability is better estimated according to the Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome at standard 5\u00a0cmH2O rather than higher positive end-expiratory pressure: a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care Med 43:781\u2013790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000770","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201709-1804OC","volume":"197","author":"G Maiolo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maiolo G, Collino F, Vasques F et al (2018) Reclassifying acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 197:1586\u20131595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201709-1804OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10060","volume":"15","author":"AW Reske","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reske AW, Reske AP, Heine T et al (2011) Computed tomographic assessment of lung weights in trauma patients with early posttraumatic lung dysfunction. Crit Care 15:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc10060","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R4","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10602","volume":"16","author":"GFJ de Matos","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Matos GFJ, Stanzani F, Passos RH et al (2012) How large is the lung recruitability in early acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective case series of patients monitored by computed tomography. Crit Care 16:R4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc10602","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200506-976OC","volume":"174","author":"JB Borges","year":"2006","unstructured":"Borges JB, Okamoto VN, Matos GFJ et al (2006) Reversibility of lung collapse and hypoxemia in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174:268\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200506-976OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202007-2957OC","volume":"126990","author":"BH Katira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Katira BH, Osada K, Engelberts D et al (2021) Positive end-expiratory pressure, pleural pressure, and regional compliance during pronation: an experimental study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 126990:1\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202007-2957OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06466-3","volume":"47","author":"M Cour","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cour M, Bussy D, Stevic N et al (2021) Differential effects of prone position in COVID-19-related ARDS in low and high recruiters. Intensive Care Med 47:1044\u20131046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-021-06466-3","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-024-01375-2","volume":"14","author":"C Lai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lai C, Shi R, Jelinski L et al (2024) Respiratory effects of prone position in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome differ according to the recruitment-to-inflation ratio: a prospective observational study. Ann Intensive Care 14:146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-024-01375-2","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"8511_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04428-3","volume":"27","author":"L Del Sorbo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Del Sorbo L, Tisminetzky M, Chen L et al (2023) Association of lung recruitment and change in recruitment-to-inflation ratio from supine to prone position in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 27:140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-023-04428-3","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201507-1413OC","volume":"193","author":"D Chiumello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chiumello D, Marino A, Brioni M et al (2016) Lung recruitment assessed by respiratory mechanics and computed tomography in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. What is the relationship? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 193:1254\u20131263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201507-1413OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.10.012","volume":"161","author":"A Protti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Protti A, Santini A, Pennati F et al (2022) Lung response to a higher positive end-expiratory pressure in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19. Chest 161:979\u2013988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2021.10.012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"8511_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.4.correspondenceia","volume":"165","author":"F Jardin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jardin F, Rouby JJ (2002) Computed tomography assessment of positive end-expiratory pressure-induced alveolar recruitment in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome [1] (multiple letters). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.165.4.correspondenceia","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4956","volume":"10","author":"Q Lu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lu Q, Constantin JM, Nieszkowska A et al (2006) Measurement of alveolar derecruitment in patients with acute lung injury: computerized tomography versus pressure-volume curve. Crit Care 10:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc4956","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22s","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00004204","volume":"42","author":"SM Maggiore","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maggiore SM, Richard JC, Brochard L (2003) What has been learnt from P\/V curves in patients with acute lung injury\/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Eur Respir J Suppl 42:22s\u201326s. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.03.00004204","journal-title":"Eur Respir J Suppl"},{"key":"8511_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000005677","volume":"143","author":"T Ros\u00e0","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ros\u00e0 T, Menga LS, Mastropietro C et al (2025) Evaluation of the potential for lung recruitment with the recruitment-to-inflation ratio during general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 143:1211\u20131224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000005677","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"8511_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-2969-x","volume":"39","author":"D Chiumello","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chiumello D, Coppola S, Froio S et al (2013) Time to reach a new steady state after changes of positive end expiratory pressure. Intensive Care Med 39:1377\u20131385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-013-2969-x","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1044-0","volume":"19","author":"A Garnero","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garnero A, Tuxen D, Corno G et al (2015) Dynamics of end expiratory lung volume after changing positive end-expiratory pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Crit Care 19:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-015-1044-0","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.4.9801088","volume":"159","author":"B Jonson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jonson B, Richard JC, Straus C et al (1999) Pressure-volume curves and compliance in acute lung injury: evidence of recruitment above the lower inflection point. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:1172\u20131178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.159.4.9801088","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R150","DOI":"10.1186\/cc7139","volume":"12","author":"D Chiumello","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chiumello D, Cressoni M, Chierichetti M et al (2008) Nitrogen washout\/washin, helium dilution and computed tomography in the assessment of end expiratory lung volume. Crit Care 12:R150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc7139","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004716","author":"DL Grieco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grieco DL, Pintaudi G, Bongiovanni F et al (2023) Recruitment-to-inflation ratio assessed through sequential end-expiratory lung volume measurement in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anesthesiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004716","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"8511_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murgolo F, Grieco DL, Spadaro S et al (2024) Recruitment-to-inflation ratio reflects the impact of peep on dynamic lung strain in a highly recruitable model of ARDS. Ann Intensive Care 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-024-01343-w","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-024-01343-w"},{"key":"8511_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04085-y","volume":"26","author":"B Pavlovsky","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pavlovsky B, Pesenti A, Spinelli E et al (2022) Effects of PEEP on regional ventilation-perfusion mismatch in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 26:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-022-04085-y","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1167-8","volume":"34","author":"D Demory","year":"2008","unstructured":"Demory D, Arnal JM, Wysocki M et al (2008) Recruitability of the lung estimated by the pressure volume curve hysteresis in ARDS patients. Intensive Care Med 34:2019\u20132025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-008-1167-8","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004518","volume":"48","author":"D Chiumello","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiumello D, Arnal J-M, Umbrello M et al (2020) Hysteresis and lung recruitment in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: a CT scan study. Crit Care Med 48:1494\u20131502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004518","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nakayama R, Bunya N, Katayama S et al (2022) Correlation between the hysteresis of the pressure\u2013volume curve and the recruitment-to-inflation ratio in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Ann Intensive Care 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-022-01081-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-022-01081-x"},{"key":"8511_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201601-0178ED","volume":"193","author":"MBP Amato","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amato MBP, Santiago RRDS (2016) The recruitability paradox. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 193:1192\u20131195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201601-0178ED","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02294-1","volume":"23","author":"DG Biasucci","year":"2022","unstructured":"Biasucci DG, Loi B, Centorrino R et al (2022) Ultrasound-assessed lung aeration correlates with respiratory system compliance in adults and neonates with acute hypoxemic restrictive respiratory failure: an observational prospective study. Respir Res 23:360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-022-02294-1","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"8511_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003340","volume":"46","author":"D Chiumello","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chiumello D, Mongodi S, Algieri I et al (2018) Assessment of lung aeration and recruitment by CT scan and ultrasound in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Crit Care Med 46:1761\u20131768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003340","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201003-0369OC","volume":"183","author":"B Bouhemad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bouhemad B, Brisson H, Le-Guen M et al (2011) Bedside ultrasound assessment of positive end-expiratory pressure-induced lung recruitment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 183:341\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201003-0369OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202012-4447LE","volume":"203","author":"N Stevic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stevic N, Chatelain E, Dargent A et al (2021) Lung recruitability evaluated by recruitment-to-inflation ratio and lung ultrasound in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 203:1025\u20131027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202012-4447LE","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-025-07851-y","volume":"51","author":"S Mongodi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mongodi S, Camporota L (2025) How we use critical care ultrasound in the management of ventilatory settings in ARDS patients. Intensive Care Med 51:769\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-025-07851-y","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05742-8","volume":"30","author":"A Costamagna","year":"2026","unstructured":"Costamagna A, Smit MR, Pivetta E et al (2026) Tracking pleural sliding motion to assess lung overdistention using an open source algorithm: a proof-of-concept study on lung ultrasound scans. Crit Care 30:37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-025-05742-8","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-940OC","volume":"171","author":"S Grasso","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grasso S, Fanelli V, Cafarelli A et al (2005) Effects of high versus low positive end-expiratory pressures in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171:1002\u20131008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200407-940OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201709-1806OC","volume":"197","author":"T Yoshida","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yoshida T, Amato MBP, Grieco DL et al (2018) Esophageal manometry and regional transpulmonary pressure in lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 197:1018\u20131026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201709-1806OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2490-7","volume":"38","author":"S Grasso","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grasso S, Terragni P, Birocco A et al (2012) ECMO criteria for influenza A (H1N1)-associated ARDS: role of transpulmonary pressure. Intensive Care Med 38:395\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-012-2490-7","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200607-915OC","volume":"175","author":"PP Terragni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Terragni PP, Rosboch G, Tealdi A et al (2007) Tidal hyperinflation during low tidal volume ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175:160\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200607-915OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004777","volume":"139","author":"T Winkler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Winkler T, Amato MBP (2023) Alveolar tipping points in changing lungs related to positive end-expiratory pressure. Anesthesiology 139:719\u2013721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004777","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"8511_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Coudroy R, Telias I, Jonkman A, et al (2026) Careful ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome: the protocol of the CAVIARDS international multicentre randomised basket trial. BMJ Open 16:e115775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-115775","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-115775"},{"key":"8511_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000120059.94009.AD","volume":"32","author":"S Grasso","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grasso S, Terragni P, Mascia L et al (2004) Airway pressure-time curve profile (stress index) detects tidal recruitment\/hyperinflation in experimental acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 32:1018\u20131027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.CCM.0000120059.94009.AD","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200011000-00027","volume":"93","author":"VM Ranieri","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ranieri VM, Zhang H, Mascia L et al (2000) Pressure-time curve predicts minimally injurious ventilatory strategy in an isolated rat lung model. Anesthesiology 93:1320\u20131328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-200011000-00027","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"8511_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201907-506OC","volume":"17","author":"MLP Romano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Romano MLP, Maia IS, Laranjeira LN et al (2020) Driving pressure-limited strategy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome a pilot randomized clinical trial. Ann Am Thorac Soc 17:596\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201907-506OC","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"8511_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1931-7","volume":"22","author":"S Spadaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Spadaro S, Mauri T, B\u00f6hm SH et al (2018) Variation of poorly ventilated lung units (silent spaces) measured by electrical impedance tomography to dynamically assess recruitment. Crit Care 22:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-017-1931-7","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21840","volume":"319","author":"CSV Barbas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barbas CSV, Nemer SN (2018) Lung recruitment and positive end-expiratory pressure titration in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA 319:933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.21840","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"8511_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1964.19.2.207","volume":"19","author":"J Milic-Emili","year":"1964","unstructured":"Milic-Emili J, Mead J, Turner JM, Glauser EM (1964) Improved technique for estimating pleural pressure from esophageal balloons. J Appl Physiol 19:207\u2013211","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"8511_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202009-3539OC","volume":"204","author":"T Sarge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarge T, Baedorf-Kassis E, Banner-Goodspeed V et al (2021) Effect of esophageal pressure\u2013guided positive end-expiratory pressure on survival from acute respiratory distress syndrome: a risk-based and mechanistic reanalysis of the EPVent-2 trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 204:1153\u20131163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202009-3539OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000215515.49001.A2","volume":"34","author":"D Talmor","year":"2006","unstructured":"Talmor D, Sarge T, O\u2019Donnell CR et al (2006) Esophageal and transpulmonary pressures in acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 34:1389\u20131394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.CCM.0000215515.49001.A2","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200710-1589OC","volume":"178","author":"D Chiumello","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chiumello D, Carlesso E, Cadringher P et al (2008) Lung stress and strain during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178:346\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200710-1589OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708638","volume":"359","author":"D Talmor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Talmor D, Sarge T, Malhotra A et al (2008) Mechanical ventilation guided by esophageal pressure in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med 359:2095\u20132104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0708638","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8511_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0555","volume":"321","author":"JR Beitler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beitler JR, Sarge T, Banner-Goodspeed VM et al (2019) Effect of titrating positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with an esophageal pressure-guided strategy vs an empirical high PEEP-Fio2 strategy on death and days free from mechanical ventilation among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a R. JAMA 321:846\u2013857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2019.0555","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"8511_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5483-3","volume":"45","author":"T Yoshida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoshida T, Grieco DL, Brochard L (2019) Guiding ventilation with transpulmonary pressure. Intensive Care Med 45:535\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-018-5483-3","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181fa02b8","volume":"38","author":"SH Loring","year":"2010","unstructured":"Loring SH, Pecchiari M, Della Valle P et al (2010) Maintaining end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure prevents worsening of ventilator-induced lung injury caused by chest wall constriction in surfactant-depleted rats. Crit Care Med 38:2358\u20132364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181fa02b8","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spina S, Mantz L, Xin Y et al (2024) The pleural gradient does not reflect the superimposed pressure in patients with class III obesity. Crit Care 28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-024-05097-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-05097-6"},{"key":"8511_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.1.8111603","volume":"149","author":"P Pelosi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pelosi P, D\u2019Andrea L, Vitale G et al (1994) Vertical gradient of regional lung inflation in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:8\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.149.1.8111603","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002460","volume":"45","author":"J Fumagalli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fumagalli J, Berra L, Zhang C et al (2017) Transpulmonary pressure describes lung morphology during decremental positive end-expiratory pressure trials in obesity. Crit Care Med 45:1374\u20131381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002460","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06724-y","volume":"48","author":"L Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen L, Grieco DL, Beloncle F et al (2022) Partition of respiratory mechanics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and association with outcome: a multicentre clinical study. Intensive Care Med 48:888\u2013898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-022-06724-y","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2022.111037","volume":"85","author":"DL Grieco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grieco DL, Russo A, Anzellotti GM et al (2023) Lung-protective ventilation during Trendelenburg pneumoperitoneum surgery: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Anesth 85:111037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2022.111037","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"8511_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.01.055","volume":"159","author":"G Florio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Florio G, De Santis Santiago RR, Fumagalli J et al (2021) Pleural pressure targeted positive airway pressure improves cardiopulmonary function in spontaneously breathing patients with obesity. Chest 159:2373\u20132383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2021.01.055","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"8511_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev378","volume":"116","author":"D Chiumello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chiumello D, Colombo A, Algieri I et al (2016) Effect of body mass index in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Br J Anaesth 116:113\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aev378","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"8511_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2854","volume":"8","author":"L Gattinoni","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gattinoni L, Chiumello D, Carlesso E, Valenza F (2004) Bench-to-bedside review: chest wall elastance in acute lung injury\/acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Crit Care 8:350\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc2854","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208357","volume":"72","author":"I Frerichs","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frerichs I, Amato MBP, van Kaam AH et al (2017) Chest electrical impedance tomography examination, data analysis, terminology, clinical use and recommendations: consensus statement of the TRanslational EIT developmeNt stuDy group. Thorax 72:83\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208357","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"8511_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1447-y","volume":"35","author":"V EL Costa","year":"2009","unstructured":"EL Costa V, Borges JB, Melo A et al (2009) Bedside estimation of recruitable alveolar collapse and hyperdistension by electrical impedance tomography. Intensive Care Med 35:1132\u20131137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-009-1447-y","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201904-0797LE","volume":"200","author":"T Yoshida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoshida T, Piraino T, Lima CAS et al (2019) Regional ventilation displayed by electrical impedance tomography as an incentive to decrease positive end-expiratory pressure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 200:933\u2013937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201904-0797LE","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2417-6","volume":"23","author":"G Scaramuzzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scaramuzzo G, Spadaro S, Waldmann AD et al (2019) Heterogeneity of regional inflection points from pressure-volume curves assessed by electrical impedance tomography. Crit Care 23:119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-019-2417-6","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8511_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4467-4","volume":"42","author":"T Mauri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mauri T, Eronia N, Turrini C et al (2016) Bedside assessment of the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on lung inflation and recruitment by the helium dilution technique and electrical impedance tomography. Intensive Care Med 42:1576\u20131587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-016-4467-4","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-023-01228-4","volume":"14","author":"B Pavlovsky","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pavlovsky B, Desprez C, Richard J-C et al (2024) Bedside personalized methods based on electrical impedance tomography or respiratory mechanics to set PEEP in ARDS and recruitment-to-inflation ratio: a physiologic study. Ann Intensive Care 14:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-023-01228-4","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"8511_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamaf125","author":"X Yuan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yuan X, Zhong M, Li Z et al (2026) Electrical impedance tomography-guided PEEP and mortality of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome: the EITVent randomized clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamaf125","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8511_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05437-0","volume":"29","author":"A Coppens","year":"2025","unstructured":"Coppens A, Aissi James S, Roze H et al (2025) Optimum electrical impedance tomography-based PEEP and recruitment-to-inflation ratio in patients with severe ARDS on venovenous ECMO. Crit Care 29:4\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-025-05437-0","journal-title":"Crit Care"}],"container-title":["Intensive Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00134-026-08511-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00134-026-08511-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00134-026-08511-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T13:41:02Z","timestamp":1789047662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00134-026-08511-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"references-count":151,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["8511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-026-08511-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0342-4642","1432-1238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0342-4642","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"DLG: research grants by GE and Fisher and Paykel; personal fees by Fisher and Paykel, Nihon Khoden, Draeger and GE. RC: honoraria from Fisher & Paykel Healthcare, L\u00f6wenstein Medical, Air Liquide Medical Systems, Abbvie. LC: honoraria from Hamilton, EuroSet, Drager, Medtronics. AJ: research funding (paid to the lab) outside this work, from ZonMw, Liberate Medical, Pulmotech BV, Health\u2009~\u2009Holland and Finapres. KV: nothing to declare. IT: teaching honoraria from Fisher & Paykel Healthcare, and Getinge. Partner holds equity in MBMed SA. MA: payments for board participation from Menarini, and Shionogi, and a research grant by General Electric Healthcare, And Fisher & Paykel. LB: laboratory has received support for research by Covidien (PAV), Air Liquide (CPR), Philips (equipment for sleep), Fisher & Paykel (high flow therapy) and GE healthcare. SMM: nothing to declare. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Claude AI (anthropic) was used for language editing and syntax revision. All authors retain full responsibility for the scientific content, interpretation, and conclusions of this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"AI disclosure","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}