{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:39:56Z","timestamp":1791113996799,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,29]],"date-time":"2003-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to determine how selected gait parameters may change as a result of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency and following ACL reconstruction. The study was performed on 25 ACL\u2010deficient subjects prior to and 6 weeks, 4\u00a0months, 8\u00a0months and 12\u00a0months after ACL reconstructive surgery by the bone\u2010patellar tendon\u2010bone technique. Gait analysis was performed using the zebris three\u2010dimensional ultrasound\u2010based system with surface electromyograph (zebris Medizintechnik GmbH, Germany). Kinematic data were recorded for the lower limb. The muscles examined include vastus lateralis and medialis, biceps femoris and adductor longus. The results obtained from the injured subjects were compared with those of 51\u00a0individuals without ACL damage. The acute ACL\u2010deficient patients exhibited a quadriceps avoidance pattern prior to and 6 weeks after surgery. The quadriceps avoidance phenomenon does not develop in chronic ACL\u2010deficient patients. In the individuals operated on, the spatial\u2010temporal parameters and the knee angle had already regained a normal pattern for the ACL\u2010deficient limb during gait 4\u00a0months after surgery. However, the relative ACL movement parameter\u2014which describes the tibial translation into the direction of ACL\u2014and the EMG traces show no significant statistical difference compared with the values of healthy control group just 8\u00a0months after surgery. The results suggest that: (1) development of a quadriceps avoidance pattern is less common than previously reported, (2) anterior cruciate ligament deficiency and reconstruction significantly alter the lower extremity gait pattern, (3) the gait parameters shift towards the normal value pattern, and (4) the re\u2010establishment of pre\u2010injury gait patterns\u2014including the normal biphase of muscles\u2014takes at least 8\u00a0months to occur.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-003-0440-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,29]],"date-time":"2004-01-29T07:45:56Z","timestamp":1075362356000},"page":"7-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Gait patterns before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zsolt","family":"Knoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDICaMENTOR Foundation P\u00e1los u. 3. 1021 Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Kocsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanical Laboratory Department of Applied Mechanics Budapest University of Technology and Economics M\u0171egyetem rkp. 3. 1521 Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita M.","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Research Group of Structures Bertalan L. u. 2. 1521 Budapest 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