{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:38:19Z","timestamp":1793378299372,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hamstrings musculature is a vital component of an intricate dynamic knee joint restraint mechanism. However, there is evidence based on research studies suggesting potential deficits to this complex mechanism due to donor site morbidity resulting from harvest of the ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis autograft (ISGA) for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this retrospective research study was to investigate the effects of ISGA ACLR on neuromuscular and biomechanical performance during a single\u2010leg vertical drop landing (VDL), a functional task and associated mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament disruption during physical activity. Fourteen physically active participants 22.5 \u00b1 4.1 years of age and 21.4 \u00b1 10.7\u00a0months post ISGA ACLR underwent bilateral neuromuscular, biomechanical and isokinetic strength and endurance evaluations matched to 14 control participants by sex, age, height and mass. Kinetic and kinematic data was obtained with 3\u2010D motion analyses utilizing inverse dynamics while performing single\u2010leg VDLs from a height of 30\u00a0cm. Integrated surface electromyography (SEMG) assessments of the quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemius musculature were also conducted. Additionally, knee joint flexion strength (60\u00b0 s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and endurance (240\u00b0 s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) measurements were tested via isokinetic dynamometry. No significant differences existed in hip and net summated extensor moments within or between groups. The ISGA ACLR participants recorded significantly decreased peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) landing upon the involved lower extremity compared to uninvolved (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.028) and matched (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001) controls. Participants having undergone ISGA ACLR also displayed greater peak hip joint flexion angles landing upon the involved lower extremity compared to uninvolved (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.020) and matched (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.026) controls at initial ground contact. The ISGA ACLR group furthermore exhibited increased peak hip joint flexion angles landing upon the involved lower extremity compared to uninvolved (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.019) and matched (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007) controls at peak VGRF. Moreover, ISGA ALCR participants demonstrated greater peak knee (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005) and ankle (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.017) joint flexion angles when landing upon the involved lower extremity compared to the matched control at peak VGRF. The ISGA ACLR group produced significantly greater reactive muscle activation of the vastus medialis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.013), vastus lateralis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008) and medial hamstrings (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.024) in the involved lower extremity compared to the matched control. The ISGA ACLR participants also exhibited greater preparatory (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.033) and reactive (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.022) co\u2010contraction muscle activity of the quadriceps and hamstrings landing upon the involved lower extremity compared to the matched control. In addition, the ISGA ACLR group produced significantly less preparatory (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005) and reactive (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.010) muscle activation of the gastrocnemius in the involved lower extremity compared to the uninvolved control. No significant differences were present in hamstrings muscular strength and endurance. Harvest of the ISGA for purposes of ACLR does not appear to result in significant neuromuscular, biomechanical or strength and endurance deficiencies due to donor site morbidity. However, it is evident that this specific population exhibits unique neuromuscular and biomechanical adaptations aimed to stabilize the knee previously subjected to ACL trauma and safeguard the ISGA ACLR joint. Co\u2010contraction of quadriceps and hamstrings as well as inhibition of gastrocnemius muscle activation may serve to moderate excessive loads exposed to the intra\u2010articular ISGA during single\u2010leg VDLs. Furthermore, greater muscle activation of the hamstrings in conjunction with increased peak hip, knee and ankle joint flexion angles may assist in enhancing acceptance of VGRF transferred through the kinetic chain following single\u2010leg VDLs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-007-0427-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,2]],"date-time":"2007-11-02T12:14:44Z","timestamp":1194005684000},"page":"2-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Neuromuscular and biomechanical landing performance subsequent to ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Giampietro L.","family":"Vairo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology Athletic Training Research Laboratory College of Health and Human Development The Pennsylvania State University 146 Recreation Building 16802 University Park PA 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UPMC Center for Sports Medicine Neuromuscular Research Laboratory 3200 South Water Street 15203 Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Harner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Sports Medicine and Nutrition Orthopaedic Surgery Schools of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Medicine University of Pittsburgh UPMC Center for Sports Medicine Neuromuscular Research Laboratory 3200 South Water Street 15203 Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Lephart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Sports Medicine and Nutrition Orthopaedic Surgery Schools of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Medicine University of Pittsburgh UPMC Center for Sports Medicine Neuromuscular Research Laboratory 3200 South Water Street 15203 Pittsburgh PA 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