{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:38:17Z","timestamp":1760920697949,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,22]],"date-time":"2007-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1198281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gravity\u2010assisted pivot\u2010shift (GAPS) test is a newly advocated test for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. It induces anterolateral rotatory instability with valgus stress to the knee applied by gravitational force during patient's active knee motion. We investigated prospectively the relationships between the results of the GAPS test and the possible contributory factors and sought to clarify the determinant factors of the GAPS test. A total of 54\u00a0knee joints of 54 patients with unilateral ACL injury (29\u00a0males, 25 females, average 23.4 \u00b1 9.0 years old) were enrolled in this study and were divided into two groups, i.e., positive GAPS test group and negative GAPS test group. Muscle torque around the knee joints measured before surgery, configuration of the femoral condyle and tibial posterior slope angle measured on lateral radiograph, and other clinical factors were compared between the two groups using Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test or chi\u2010square test. According to the results of these analyses, factors having a statistically significant difference were additionally evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis to reveal items with strong relevance to a positive GAPS test. The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the flexor\/extensor peak torque ratio of contralateral uninjured knees and sex had a significant correlation with the results of the GAPS test. The relatively less flexor muscle torque compared with extensor muscle torque, and being a female patient were considered to be the determinant factors of a positive GAPS test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-007-0463-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,21]],"date-time":"2007-12-21T13:31:22Z","timestamp":1198243882000},"page":"279-285","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contributory factors to the results of gravity\u2010assisted pivot\u2010shift test for anterior cruciate ligament injury: the significance of muscle torque around the knee"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hisatada","family":"Hiraoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical University 1981, Kamodatsujido 350\u20108550 Kawagoe, Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motohisa","family":"Yashiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical University 1981, Kamodatsujido 350\u20108550 Kawagoe, Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroya","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical University 1981, Kamodatsujido 350\u20108550 Kawagoe, Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u20100838.2000.010002058.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658801600603"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658401200304"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.04.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200512"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200513"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679308993695"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198003000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198703000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01560215"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752\u2010200409000\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000072902.36018.fe"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658020-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B2.3818763"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800304"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658901700318"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860080-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Caudal slope of the tibia and its relationship to noncontact injuries to the ACL","volume":"11","author":"Meister K","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Knee Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198807000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00389691"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00433935"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Gravity\u2010assisted pivot\u2010shift test for anterior cruciate ligament injury: a new procedure to elicite anterior rotatory instability","volume":"26","author":"Sakai H","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Jpn Knee Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Gravity\u2010assisted pivot\u2010shift test for anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"28","author":"Sakai H","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Jpn Knee Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010005\u20100630\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500302"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198509000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198707000-00038","article-title":"Exercise after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. 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