{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:11:05Z","timestamp":1792739465366,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,12]],"date-time":"2010-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The subchondral bone is involved in a variety of diseases affecting both the articular cartilage and bone. Osteochondral defects in distinct locations and of variable sizes are the final results of different etiologies. These include traumatic osteochondral defects, osteochondritis dissecans, osteonecrosis, and osteoarthritis. Traumatic osteochondral defects are caused by osteochondral fractures, separating an osteochondral fragment that includes articular cartilage and both subchondral and trabecular bone from the joint surface. In osteochondritis dissecans, the disease originates in the subchondral bone and secondarily affects the articular cartilage. Location, stage, size, and depth of osteochondral lesions play a role in the treatment of traumatic osteochondral defects and osteochondritis dissecans. Surgical options include fragment refixation, transplantation of osteochondral autografts, or bone restoration by impacted cancellous bone grafts combined with autologous chondrocyte transplantation. An insufficiency fracture of the subchondral bone may be the initiating factor of what was formerly believed to be a spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SPONK). Recent histopathological studies suggest that each stage of SPONK reflects different types of bone repair reactions following a fracture of the subchondral bone plate. Osteoarthritis is a disease that does affect not only the articular cartilage, but also the subchondral bone. Reconstructive surgical techniques aim at preserving joint function, inducing fibrocartilaginous repair, and at correcting malalignment. This review summarizes the current status of the clinical treatment of traumatic osteochondral defects, osteochondritis dissecans, osteonecrosis, and osteoarthritis as they affect the subchondral bone region and its adjacent structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1052-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]],"date-time":"2010-02-11T12:24:55Z","timestamp":1265891095000},"page":"448-462","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Disease\u2010specific clinical problems associated with the subchondral bone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dietrich","family":"Pape","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Centre de l'Appareil Locomoteur de M\u00e9dicine du Sport et de Pr\u00e9vention Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg\u2010Clinique d'Eich, 78 1460 rue d'Eich Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Filardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Biomeccanica Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli Via Di Barbiano, 1\/10 40136 Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisaveta","family":"Kon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Biomeccanica Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli Via Di Barbiano, 1\/10 40136 Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Niek","family":"van Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head of Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam PO Box 22660, Room G4\u2010219 1100 DD Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Madry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Orthopaedics Saarland University and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Saarland University Medical Center Kirrberger Strasse, Building 37 66421 Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"High tibial valgus osteotomy for medial gonarthrosis: a 10\u2010 to 21\u2010year study","volume":"16","author":"Aglietti P","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010005\u20100690\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle after meniscectomy by the arthroscopic approach","volume":"78","author":"Kaar M","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679009006502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(97)90028-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971080-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086\u2010199807000\u201000010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000052938.71325.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199509000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199111000-00028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999\u2010008\u20100357\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.178.3.1994431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"ChengMS FerkelRD ApplegateGR(1995)Osteochondral lesions of the talus: a radiologic and surgical comparison.Oral paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) New Orleans February 16\u201021 1995. American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196547050-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310060401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.25259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00104\u2010003\u20100623\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.79B6.7534"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999\u2010008\u20100282\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"641","article-title":"Osteochondral fractures in the knee treated with butyl\u20102\u2010cyanoacrylate glue. A case report","volume":"72","author":"Gul R","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-37236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2004.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B2.0780217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466070-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B2.2312563"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200101000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.43B4.746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260031101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086\u2010200110000\u201000038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749\u20108063(00)90049\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.29938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506290127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e31818cdbc5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20958"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"1469","article-title":"Ein Fall von Flaechenfraktur und Luxation der Patella","volume":"51","author":"Kroner M","year":"1904","journal-title":"Zentralbl f Chir"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle after meniscectomy","volume":"28","author":"Kusayama T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tokai J Exp Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.170.1.9423603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677608988756"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-002-0334-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198211000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MaeharaH SotomeS YoshiiT TorigoeI KawasakiY SugataY YuasaM HiranoM MochizukiN KikuchiM ShinomiyaK OkawaA(2009) Repair of large osteochondral defects in rabbits using porous hydroxyapatite\/collagen (HAp\/Col) and fibroblast growth factor\u20102 (FGF\u20102).J Orthop Res.doi:10.1002\/jor.21032","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Joint debridement: surgical treatment of degenerative arthritis","volume":"73","author":"Magnuson PB","year":"1941","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195133010-00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507305455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Failure of magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating osteonecrosis of the knee","volume":"5","author":"Marmor L","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Knee Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2004.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.60B2.659464"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.28.3.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Tangential osteochondral fracture of the patella","volume":"25","author":"Milgram JE","year":"1943","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200009000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749\u20108063(96)90058\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.9.982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2834882"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-002-0285-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2004.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2007.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","unstructured":"PapeD LorbachO SchmitzC BuschLC Van GiffenN SeilR KohnDM(2009) Effect of a biplanar osteotomy on primary stability following high tibial osteotomy: a biomechanical cadaver study.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.doi:10.1007\/s00167\u2010009\u20100929\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670050064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200300002-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","first-page":"618","article-title":"A method of resurfacing knee joints. Proceedings of the British Orthopaedic Association","volume":"41","author":"Pridie KH","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670050090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870100-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749\u20108063(95)90071\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010008\u20100617\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086\u2010200110001\u201000033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.90B3.18629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199305000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2835070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Fluid pressure causes bone resorption in a rabbit model of prosthetic loosening","volume":"69","author":"Van der Vis HM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(98)70148-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000128216.10732.d8"}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-010-1052-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00167-010-1052-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-010-1052-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T12:22:26Z","timestamp":1760876546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00167-010-1052-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,12]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00167-010-1052-1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-010-1052-1","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,12]]}}}