{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:56:59Z","timestamp":1784807819384,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,17]],"date-time":"2010-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1287273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Posterior shoulder instability has been difficult to diagnose and even more challenging to manage. However, it is being diagnosed and treated more frequently, particularly after sports injuries. The purpose of this article is to review literature concerning the management of these pathologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature review was carried out in the main medical databases to evaluate the several studies concerning the open and arthroscopic treatment of posterior shoulder instability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because of better awareness of the pathology, better technical investigations, and a better understanding of shoulder biomechanics, more and more mechanical factors that can cause posterior instability have been described. Structural abnormalities can be divided into bony abnormalities and soft\u2010tissue abnormalities. Each group can also be divided into abnormalities caused by trauma (macro\u2010 or microtrauma) or congenital. These abnormalities can be treated with non\u2010anatomic and anatomic stability procedures. During the last decades, the latter have been described more frequently, most of them arthroscopically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>For surgical treatment to be successful, the instability must be attributable to mechanical factors that can be modified by surgery. Because of better knowledge of the pathology, a more specific surgery can be performed. This lesion\u2010specific surgery has improved clinical results compared to non\u2010anatomic stability procedures, particularly when that surgery has been performed arthroscopically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1293-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,16]],"date-time":"2010-10-16T06:25:36Z","timestamp":1287210336000},"page":"1547-1553","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Posterior shoulder instability: current concepts review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Van Tongel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Ghent University Hospital De Pintelaan 185 9000 Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Karelse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Ghent University Hospital De Pintelaan 185 9000 Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Berghs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology AZ St Jan Hospital Ruddershove 10 8000 Brugge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Verdonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Ghent University Hospital De Pintelaan 185 9000 Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieven","family":"De Wilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Ghent University Hospital De Pintelaan 185 9000 Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200009000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010005\u20100001\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2010.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"100","article-title":"Iliac bone\u2010block autograft for posterior shoulder instability","volume":"95","author":"Barbier O","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402\u2010007\u20100359\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504271509"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505285585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2008.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668050-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2007.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402\u2010008\u20100721\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447\u201020090301\u201006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058\u20102746(98)90183\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507311603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Treatment of locked chronic posterior dislocation of the shoulder by reconstruction of the defect in the humeral head with an allograft","volume":"92","author":"Diklic ID","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199512000-00029","article-title":"Localized glenoid hypoplasia. 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