{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:20:35Z","timestamp":1788254435289,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]],"date-time":"2011-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sulcus\u2010deepening trochleoplasty restores the trochlear groove in patients with patellofemoral instability and underlying trochlear dysplasia. There are types of dysplasia both with (B and D) and without (A and C) a supratrochlear spur. The aim of this study was to identify influencing factors for the clinical outcome following trochleoplasty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010four knees in 38 patients who underwent trochleoplasty for instability (type A in 9, B in 15, C in 9 and D in 11\u00a0knees) were assessed clinically with the Kujala score and radiologically with radiographs and MRI. The median follow\u2010up was 4 (2\u20137.8) years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At follow\u2010up, the median Kujala score had improved from 68 (29\u201384) to 90 (42\u2013100) points (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Instability (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and pain (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.027) decreased significantly, but in 3\u00a0knees, pain was worse postoperatively. Twenty\u2010seven knees were ranked as excellent, 10 as good, 2 as fair and 5 as poor. Overall, dysplasia types B and D benefited more from surgery than types A and C. The postoperative MRI revealed no chondrolysis or subchondral necrosis, but deterioration of cartilage on the lateral trochlear facet was identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trochleoplasty is a useful and reliable surgical technique to improve patellofemoral instability in patients with a dysplastic trochlea. While improved stability is predictable, pain is less predictable and may even increase following surgery. The overall results were directly dependent on the type of the dysplasia, with a significantly better clinical outcome in type B and D. The clinical relevance of this study is that severe dysplasia can successfully be treated with trochleoplasty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>III.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1410-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,7]],"date-time":"2011-02-07T07:09:18Z","timestamp":1297062558000},"page":"1655-1661","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Classification of trochlear dysplasia as predictor of clinical outcome after trochleoplasty"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sandro F.","family":"Fucentese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich Forchstr. 340 8008 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick O.","family":"Zingg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich Forchstr. 340 8008 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich Forchstr. 340 8008 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian W. A.","family":"Pfirrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Department of Radiology University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich Forchstr. 340 8008 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik C.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich Forchstr. 340 8008 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter P.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich Forchstr. 340 8008 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"257","article-title":"The bone graft edge in the treatment of habitual dislocation of patella","volume":"88","author":"Albee FH","year":"1915","journal-title":"Med Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.90B7.20447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"281","article-title":"Die Trochleaplastik als chirurgische Therapie der rezidivierenden Patellaluxation bei Trochleadysplasie des Femurs","volume":"7","author":"Bereiter HG","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthroskopie"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010009\u20100824\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.216.2.r00au07582"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","first-page":"317","article-title":"Patella infera. Apropos of 128 cases","volume":"68","author":"Caton J","year":"1982","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010005\u20100699\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.82B8.10833"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968\u20100160(00)00054\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e31803035ae"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","first-page":"1466","article-title":"Douleurs et instabilit\u00e9 rotulienne. Essai de classification","volume":"56","author":"Dejour D","year":"1998","journal-title":"M\u00e9d Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264\u2010009\u20100933\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Dysplasia of the femoral trochlea","volume":"76","author":"Dejour H","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2006.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010006\u20100140\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200001000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","first-page":"678","article-title":"Retro\u2010trochlear wedge reduction trochleoplasty for the treatment of painful patella syndrome with protruding trochleae. Technical note and early results","volume":"88","author":"Goutallier D","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749\u20108063(05)80366\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.170.2.2911676"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Trochleoplasty. Restoration of the intercondylar groove in subluxations and dislocations of the patella","volume":"64","author":"Masse Y","year":"1978","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658901700410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402\u2010009\u20100912\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2005.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670510041781"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010006\u20100148\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.90B2.20017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010004\u20100570\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B10.17834"}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-011-1410-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00167-011-1410-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-011-1410-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T12:58:13Z","timestamp":1760878693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00167-011-1410-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00167-011-1410-7"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-011-1410-7","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]]}}}