{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:39:53Z","timestamp":1791873593767,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,18]],"date-time":"2011-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Local anaesthetic agents are often used as an intra\u2010articular analgesic following arthroscopic procedures. However, there is increasing evidence of a potential toxic effect to chondrocytes within the articular cartilage. The aim of this study was to compare the effect on human chondrocyte viability of treatment with bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine. The second aim was to compare the effect on chondrocyte viability of the local anaesthetics with magnesium, a potential alternative analgesic agent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chondrocytes were exposed to one of the local anaesthetic agents (levobupivacaine 0.13, 0.25, 0.5%; bupivacaine 0.13, 0.25, 0.5%; ropivacaine 0.19, 0.38, 0.75%), normal saline or 10% magnesium sulphate for 15\u00a0min. Cells exposed to cell culture media served as controls. Twenty\u2010four hours after exposure, cell viability was assessed using the CellTiter 96<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no significant difference in chondrocyte viability after treatment with either normal saline or magnesium sulphate. With the exception of 0.13% levobupivacine, all local anaesthetic treatment showed significantly greater toxic effects than either normal saline or magnesium sulphate. Statistically significant dose\u2010dependent responses of decreasing cell viability were found with increasing local anaesthetic concentration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A dose\u2010dependent reduction in chondrocyte viability after treatment with common local anaesthetic agents was confirmed. Local anaesthetic agents had a greater deleterious effect on chondrocytes than did 10% magnesium sulphate. These findings suggest the need for continuing caution with the use of intra\u2010articular local anaesthetic. Magnesium sulphate is a potential alternative intra\u2010articular analgesic agent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1437-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,17]],"date-time":"2011-02-17T13:44:40Z","timestamp":1297950280000},"page":"1043-1046","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["In vitro assessment of human chondrocyte viability after treatment with local anaesthetic, magnesium sulphate or normal saline"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"J. F.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> C\/\u2010 O.R.I.F., Suite 4, Sports Surgery Clinic Santry Demesne Dublin 9 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. M.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> School of Medicine and Medical Sciences University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. P.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> C\/\u2010 O.R.I.F., Suite 4, Sports Surgery Clinic Santry Demesne Dublin 9 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. J.","family":"Mulhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> C\/\u2010 O.R.I.F., Suite 4, Sports Surgery Clinic Santry Demesne Dublin 9 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","unstructured":"BakerJF ByrneDP HunterK MulhallKJ(2010) Post\u2010operative opiate requirements after hip arthroscopy.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthroscdoi:10.1007\/s00167\u2010010\u20101248\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2010.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181770f95"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509349799"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael176"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.38\u20102\u2010143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31816a67a8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508323748"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","first-page":"758","article-title":"Morphine or bupivacaine in controlling postoperative pain in patients subjected to knee joint arthroscopy","volume":"5","author":"Grabowska\u2010Gawel A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ortop Traumatol Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.00812"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086\u2010197103000\u201000030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01847"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507304136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02844310802271170"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507304719"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018932714745"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539\u2010200105000\u201000019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B12.17740"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749\u20108063(85)80042\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503262176"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200501000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399\u20106576.2003.00155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","volume-title":"Anesthesiology news","author":"Viessides M","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep036"}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-011-1437-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00167-011-1437-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-011-1437-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:25:34Z","timestamp":1760873134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00167-011-1437-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,18]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00167-011-1437-9"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-011-1437-9","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,18]]}}}