{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:47:56Z","timestamp":1792730876081,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initial graft tensioning is important in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), but its effect on graft healing is still not clear. Since all previous animal studies on graft tensioning used bone\u2013patellar tendon\u2013bone, this study aimed to investigate the effect of initial graft tensioning on ACLR using tendon graft.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010five Sprague\u2013Dawley rats underwent ACLR using flexor digitorum longus tendon graft. A constant force of 2 or 4\u00a0N was applied during graft fixation. At 0, 2, and 6 weeks, knee samples were harvested (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6) for static knee laxity test and graft pull\u2010out test. Histological examination was performed at 2 and 6 weeks post\u2010injury (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At time zero, knee laxity was restored by ACLR with 2 or 4\u00a0N tensioning as compared to ACL\u2010deficient group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and the 4\u00a0N group exhibited a better restoration as compared to 2\u00a0N group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.031). At week 2 post\u2010operation, the 4\u00a0N group still exhibited a better restoration in knee laxity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and knee stiffness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) than the 2\u00a0N group; the graft pull\u2010out force (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.032) and stiffness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.010) were also higher. At week 6 post\u2010operation, there was no significant difference between the 2 and 4\u00a0N group in knee laxity and graft pull\u2010out strength. Histological examination showed that the beneficial effect of higher initial graft tension may be contributed by maintenance of graft integrity at mid\u2010substance and reduction in adverse peri\u2010graft bone changes in the femoral tunnel region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A higher initial graft tension favours the restoration of knee laxity and promotes graft healing in ACLR using free tendon graft in the rat model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-1974-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,29]],"date-time":"2012-03-29T03:22:28Z","timestamp":1332991348000},"page":"1226-1233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Effect of graft tensioning on mechanical restoration in a rat model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using free tendon graft"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sai\u2010Chuen","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai\u2010Hang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yau\u2010Chuk","family":"Cheuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsui\u2010Yu","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christer G.","family":"Rolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Huddinge University Hospital, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Hang","family":"Yung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai\u2010Ming","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 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