{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:29:35Z","timestamp":1780511375490,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,10]],"date-time":"2012-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1336608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the treatment of post\u2010traumatic osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the ankle with a four\u2010step protocol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010eight patients with at least one MRI\u2010documented OCL of the ankle were treated from 2004 to 2010. Median age at surgery was 39 years (range: 18\u201352). Mean lesion size was 1.0\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (SD: 0.2). All patients underwent a four\u2010step surgical procedure including synovectomy, debridement and microfractures of the OCL, capsular shrinkage, and bracing and non\u2010weightbearing for 21\u00a0days. Clinical assessment included objective examination, the AOFAS ankle and hindfoot scoring system, Karlsson\u2010Peterson score, Tegner activity level, and Sefton articular stability scale. MRI scans were taken 18\u00a0months after surgery in all patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Follow\u2010up examination at an average of 4 years (SD: 1.1) after surgery showed significant improvement of all variables compared to pre\u2010operative values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Most patients rated their outcome as good\/excellent. MRI scans taken 18\u00a0months after surgery documented completely repaired lesion in 27 ankles, slight bone marrow oedema with partially repaired defect in 9 patients, and visible defect in 2 ankles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the present results, we propose a comprehensive four\u2010step protocol as a safe and clinically effective treatment option in patients with post\u2010traumatic OCLs of the ankle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective case series, Level IV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2028-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,9]],"date-time":"2012-05-09T03:35:32Z","timestamp":1336534532000},"page":"1245-1250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Treatment of post\u2010traumatic osteochondral lesions of the talus: a four\u2010step approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Ventura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> U.O.S.D. Chirurgia Articolare Mininvasiva (Minimally Invasive Articular Surgery Unit) Istituto Ortopedico G. Pini Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Terzaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> U.O.S.D. Chirurgia Articolare Mininvasiva (Minimally Invasive Articular Surgery Unit) Istituto Ortopedico G. Pini Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Legnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Scuola di Specializzazione in Ortopedia e Traumatologia Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Borgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> U.O.S.D. Chirurgia Articolare Mininvasiva (Minimally Invasive Articular Surgery Unit) Istituto Ortopedico G. 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