{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:00:34Z","timestamp":1790416834625,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,20]],"date-time":"2012-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1340150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although most in vitro studies indicate that collagen is a suitable biomaterial for tendon and ligament tissue engineering, in vivo studies of implanted collagen for regeneration of these tissues are still lacking. The objectives of this study were the following: (1) to investigate the regeneration of the central third of the ovine patellar tendon using implants made of an open array of collagen fibres (reconstituted, extruded bovine collagen); and (2) to compare two collagen crosslinking chemistries: carbodiimide and carbodiimide associated with ethyleneglycoldiglycidylether.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010eight Welsh Mountain sheep were operated on their right hind leg. The central third of patellar tendon was removed and substituted with carbodiimide (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 16) and carbodiimide\u2013ethyleneglycoldiglycidylether\u2010crosslinked implants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 16). In the control group the defect was left empty (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 16). The central third of contralateral unoperated tendons was used as positive controls. Half of the sheep in each group were killed at 3\u2010 and 6\u2010month time points. After proper dissection, tendon sub\u2010units (medial, central and lateral) were tested to failure (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6 for each group), whilst 2\u00a0non\u2010dissected samples were used for histology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both the implants had significantly lower stress to failure and modulus with respect to native tendon at both 3\u2010 and at 6\u2010month time points. The implants did not statistically differ in stress to failure, whilst carbodiimide\u2010crosslinked implants had significantly higher modulus than carbodiimide\u2013ethyleneglycoldiglycidylether\u2010crosslinked implants both at 3 and at 6\u00a0months. Histology showed carbodiimide\u2010crosslinked implants to have a better integration with the native tendon than carbodiimide\u2013ethyleneglycoldiglycidylether\u2010crosslinked implants. Carbodiimide\u2010crosslinked implants appeared partially resorbed and showed increased tissue ingrowth with respect to carbodiimide\u2013ethyleneglycoldiglycidylether\u2010crosslinked implants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>To deliver collagen implants as an open array of fibres allows optimal tendon\u2013implant integration and good ingrowth of regenerated tissue. In the present study the resorption rate of both the examined implants was too low due to the high level of crosslinking. This led to only minor substitution of the implant with regenerated tissue, which in turn produced a low\u2010strength implanted region. Further studies are needed to find the right balance between strength and resorption rate of collagen fibres.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2102-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,19]],"date-time":"2012-06-19T02:15:27Z","timestamp":1340072127000},"page":"1783-1793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Collagen fibre implant for tendon and ligament biological augmentation. In vivo study in an ovine model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Davide","family":"Enea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Unit Cambridge University Box 180, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Hills Rd CB2 2QQ Cambridge UK"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Clinica Ortopedica Polytechnic University of Marche Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, via Tronto 10 60126 Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Gwynne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge Pembroke Street CB2 3QZ Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Kew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>4<\/label>--> Tigenix Ltd. 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