{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:18:29Z","timestamp":1785424709689,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]],"date-time":"2012-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The geometry of the trochlear groove is considered to be an important determinant in the pathogenesis of the patellofemoral joint disorders. However, the effect of patellar position during the development of the femoral trochlear groove is unclear. This animal study aimed to investigate the relationship between the position of the patella and development of the femoral trochlear groove in growing rabbits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two knees from 16 rabbits were included in this study and were divided into two groups. First group consisted of the left knees and was used as a control group with no surgical interventions. The second group involved the right knees on which patellar tendon Z\u2010plasty lengthening was performed to cause patellar malposition (patella alta) before 1\u00a0month of age. Computed tomographic (CT) evaluations of both knees were obtained when the animals were 1\u00a0month age before the surgical intervention and also at 6\u00a0months after the surgical intervention. Angle and depth measurements were acquired from the proximal, middle, and distal reference points along the femoral trochlear groove. After the CT scan acquisition at 6\u00a0months following the surgical procedures, rabbits were killed and additional measurements of the trochlear groove angles were performed manually.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean middle and distal trochlear groove angles for the experiment group with patella alta were significantly higher compared to that of control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.017). The increase in mean trochlear depth for the animals in the control group was found to be significantly higher compared to experiment group at the distal zone (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.017).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Distal femoral groove with an inadequately positioned patella becomes more flattened and this may be a predisposing factor for patellar instability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Controlled laboratory study, Level II.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2163-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]],"date-time":"2012-08-09T01:19:03Z","timestamp":1344475143000},"page":"1841-1848","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Development of the femoral trochlear groove in rabbits with patellar malposition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Burak","family":"Kaymaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe University Sihhiye Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. Ahmet","family":"Atay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe University Sihhiye Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Bilge","family":"Ergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology Hacettepe University Sihhiye Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Ugur","family":"Mermerkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe University Sihhiye Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z. Deniz","family":"Olgun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe University Sihhiye Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u0131vanc","family":"Atesok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"<!--<label>5<\/label>--> Musculoskeletal Research Lab, Division of Orthopaedics St. Michael\u2019s Hospital Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Nedim","family":"Doral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe University Sihhiye Ankara Turkey"},{"name":"<!--<label>4<\/label>--> Department of Sport Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe University Sihhiye Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.82B8.10833"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552649"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2004.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010005\u20100668\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"721","article-title":"Luxations recidivantes de la rotule","volume":"53","author":"Ficat P","year":"1967","journal-title":"Rev Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2005.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/EMED_JOUR_1983_012_005_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"613","article-title":"Note sur le development de l\u2019articulation du genou chez l\u2019homme","volume":"1","author":"Grynflet E","year":"1904","journal-title":"Montpellier Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010011\u20101603\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658010-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20554"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02117950"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100040211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.76B5.8083274"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010010\u20101329\u20104"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"373","article-title":"The origin of femoral trochlear dysplasia: comparative anatomy, evolution, and growth of the patellofemoral joint","volume":"87","author":"Tardieu C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"360","article-title":"The development of the patella","volume":"74","author":"Walmsley R","year":"1939","journal-title":"J Anat"}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-012-2163-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00167-012-2163-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-012-2163-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:10:16Z","timestamp":1760872216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00167-012-2163-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00167-012-2163-7"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-012-2163-7","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]]}}}