{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:51:11Z","timestamp":1790463071534,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,12]],"date-time":"2013-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine how sex and fatigue affect lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity during unanticipated side\u2010step cutting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three physically active subjects (men 11, women 12) performed 10 successful trials of cutting manoeuvres each to either side under unanticipated conditions in response to 2 light emitting diodes before and after fatigue conditions. Data were analysed and compared regarding sex and fatigue conditions using two\u2010way repeated measures analysis of variance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After fatigue\u2010inducing exercise, women demonstrated larger impulses of ground reaction force (IGRF) during the first 50\u00a0ms (2.4 \u00b1 0.8 vs. 2.1 \u00b1 0.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) than did men. Significant primary effects of sex indicated that women showed a smaller hip flexion angle at initial contact (40.4 \u00b1 6.9\u00b0 vs. 49.7 \u00b1 9.1\u00b0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and at maximum flexion angle (41.3 \u00b1 7.7\u00b0 vs. 51.4 \u00b1 9.0\u00b0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) compared with men. Significant primary effects of fatigue were observed in the gluteus maximus muscle during 50\u00a0ms before initial contact (+21.5 \u00b1 48.3 %, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and in the semimembranosus muscle during 50\u00a0ms before initial contact (\u22126.2 \u00b1 20.1 %, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and the first 50\u00a0ms of side\u2010step cutting (\u22127.9 \u00b1 26.6 %, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that sex differences, especially larger IGRF in a fatigue state combined with less hip flexion angle, lead to women having a higher risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. These findings may contribute to understanding the underlying mechanism of injury and development of preventive exercises against ACL injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective comparative study, Level II.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2526-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,11]],"date-time":"2013-05-11T09:51:35Z","timestamp":1368265895000},"page":"41-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The effect of sex and fatigue on lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity during unanticipated side\u2010step cutting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Junta","family":"Iguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University 53\u00a0Kawara\u2010cho, Shogoin 606\u20108507 Sakyo\u2010ku, Kyoto 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