{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:05:17Z","timestamp":1792677917252,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,8]],"date-time":"2013-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To elucidate the effects of intra\u2010articular haemorrhage on the joint capsule of immobilized knees in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The unilateral knee joints were immobilized using a plastic plate and screws. Sham operated rats had only screws inserted. A single injection of fresh autologous blood was given postoperatively into the knee joints of the immobilized blood injection (Im\u2010B) and the Sham blood injection (Sm\u2010B) groups. Normal saline was administered for the immobilized\u2010saline injection (Im\u2010S) group. Sagittal sections were prepared from the medial midcondylar region of the knee and assessed with histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical methods. The range of motion (ROM) was measured, and the mechanical property of the capsule was assessed by scanning acoustic microscope.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Absorption of the injected blood was delayed and made severe adhesions in the Im\u2010B group. The length of the synovial membrane in the Im\u2010B group was significantly shorter than that of the other groups. The ROM was significantly restricted in the Im\u2010B group compared with the other groups. The elasticity of the posterior capsule in the Im\u2010B group was significantly lower than that in the Sm\u2010B group. Iron deposition was observed in the Im\u2010B and Sm\u2010B groups. Strong immunoreactivities of CD68, TGF\u2010\u03b21, and \u03b1\u2010SMA were observed in the adhesion area of the Im\u2010B group. Joint immobilization with blood injection caused severe capsular adhesion and limited range of motion. Immunostaining related to fibrosis increased with joint haemorrhage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intra\u2010articular haemorrhage with joint immobilization might be an accelerated risk factor for joint contracture. It is likely that leaving a haematoma inside an immobilized joint should be avoided.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2659-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,7]],"date-time":"2013-09-07T00:21:44Z","timestamp":1378513304000},"page":"2874-2883","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Joint haemorrhage partly accelerated immobilization\u2010induced synovial adhesions and capsular shortening in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yoshito","family":"Onoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tohoku University School of Medicine 1\u20101 Seiryo\u2010machi, Aoba\u2010ku 980\u20108574 Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Hagiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tohoku University School of Medicine 1\u20101 Seiryo\u2010machi, Aoba\u2010ku 980\u20108574 Sendai 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