{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:14:45Z","timestamp":1786979685144,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,19]],"date-time":"2013-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aim of the study was the analysis of cytokine expression in ankle osteoarthritis (OA) hypothesizing age\u2010dependent regulation patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010nine patients undergoing an arthroscopy of the ankle with different stages of chronic OA were prospectively included in a clinical trial comparing the group &lt;18 years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 9, \u00d815.1 \u00b1 2.0 years) with the older patients (\u226518 years,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 40, \u00d836.5 \u00b1 11.9). Lavage fluids were analysed by ELISA for levels of aggrecan, BMP\u20102\/7, IGF\u20101\/R, bFGF, CD105, MMP\u201013, and IL\u20101\u03b2. Additionally, clinical parameters and scores (FFI, CFSS, AOFAS) were evaluated and supplemented by radiographic scores [Kellgren\u2013Lawrence Score (KLS) for conventional X\u2010rays, Ankle Osteoarthritis Scoring System (AOSS) for MRI].\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In contrast to distribution of gender and BMI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.005), parameters characterizing the cartilage defect as ICRS grading, size, and duration of symptoms were not dependent on age. The incidence of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) was higher in the group &lt;18 years (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.006), but the average degree of OCD grading was not different. KLS and AOSS were significantly higher in the group \u226518 years (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.02). Correlating with the higher degree of OA in the elderly, clinical function measured by FFI and AOFAS was statistically significantly worse (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Intra\u2010articular concentrations of aggrecan (3.1\u2010fold), bFGF (8.7\u2010fold), BMP\u20107 (2.7\u2010fold), and CD105 (1.5\u2010fold) were statistically significantly higher in the group \u226518 years (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.03).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Confirming the hypothesis, increased synovial levels of aggrecan, bFGF, BMP\u20107, and CD105 were found in patients over 18 years. This correlated with a higher stage of OA determined by radiographic changes or deteriorated function and may offer starting points for new diagnostics and interventional strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>II.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2719-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]],"date-time":"2013-10-18T00:05:45Z","timestamp":1382054745000},"page":"1359-1367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Synovial cytokine expression in ankle osteoarthritis depends on age and stage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hagen","family":"Schmal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Freiburg Medical Center Hugstetter Str. 55 79106 Freiburg i.Br. 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