{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:31:09Z","timestamp":1791261069612,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tibial tuberosity\u2013trochlear groove distance (TT\u2013TG) has been regarded as a useful tool for establishing therapeutic choices for patellar instability. Recently, it has been shown that TT\u2013TG negatively correlated with the quadriceps angle, suggesting that if used individually, neither provide a valid measure of instability. This study aimed to compare TT\u2013TG distance between both knees in patients with unilateral instability to assess whether this measurement is a decisive element in the management decisions for patellar instability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010two patients (18\u00a0male and 44 female), reporting to a specialist patella clinic for recurrent unilateral patellar instability, were included in the study. Patients underwent bilateral long leg computed tomography scan to determine TT\u2013TG distance in both knees. Tibial TT\u2013TG in symptomatic and asymptomatic knees in the same individual was compared statistically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean TT\u2013TG distance in the symptomatic knee was 16.9 (\u00b14.9) mm, compared to 15.6 (\u00b15.6) mm in the asymptomatic knee. Tibial TT\u2013TG was not significantly different between stable and unstable knees (n.s.).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lack of difference in TT\u2013TG distance between stable and unstable knees suggests that TT\u2013TG distance alone may not be a decisive element in establishing therapeutic choices for patellar instability. It should, therefore, be interpreted with caution during clinical evaluations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>II.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-2954-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T02:28:01Z","timestamp":1395282481000},"page":"2377-2381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Is tibial tuberosity\u2013trochlear groove distance an appropriate measure for the identification of knees with patellar instability?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Caplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust Gateshead UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Newby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust Gateshead UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ewen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust Gateshead UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"St Clair Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Kader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust Gateshead UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198306000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510373887"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511404883"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.89B6.18995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.216.2.r00au07582"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010012\u20101907\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B2.0780328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e31803035ae"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.304095755"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2012.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2004.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2253011578"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503260788"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268\u20100033(01)00045\u20106"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"423","article-title":"The measurement of the tibial tuberosity. 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