{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:25:16Z","timestamp":1791253516208,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The design of the trochlear compartment is crucial in patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA), because 78 % of patients with isolated patellofemoral arthritis present concomitant trochlear dysplasia with patellar maltracking and therefore remain predisposed to post\u2010operative patellar subluxation and dislocation. The study investigated whether current PFA implants are designed with anatomic trochlear parameters such as the sulcus angle, lateral facet height and groove orientation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five trochlear components of commercially available PFA implants were scanned, and the generated three\u2010dimensional surfaces were measured using engineering design software. The mediolateral trochlear profiles were plotted at various flexion angles (0\u00b0, 15\u00b0, 30\u00b0 and 45\u00b0) to deduce the following variables: sulcus angle, height of lateral facet and trochlear groove orientation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four specimens had sulcus angle &gt;144\u00b0 in the 45\u00b0 of flexion, and all five specimens had sulcus angle &gt;143\u00b0 in 30\u00b0 of flexion. Three specimens had a facet &lt;5\u00a0mm high through the entire range of early flexion (0\u00b0\u201330\u00b0), and two specimens had a facet &lt;5\u00a0mm high beyond early flexion (30\u00b0\u201345\u00b0). The trochlear groove was oriented laterally in all specimens (range 1.6\u00b0\u201313.5\u00b0).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current PFA trochlear components are not always designed with anatomic parameters, and some models exhibit characteristics of trochlear dysplasia. Surgeons are therefore advised to implant components with a deep sulcus, particularly in patients with history of patellofemoral disorders, and to adapt the surgical technique and extensor mechanism if the component implanted has a shallow sulcus, to ensure normal patellar tracking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>III.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-2967-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]],"date-time":"2014-04-02T02:21:39Z","timestamp":1396405299000},"page":"2574-2581","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Evidence of trochlear dysplasia in patellofemoral arthroplasty designs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mo","family":"Saffarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Accelerate Innovation Management SA 1 Rue de la Navigation 1201 Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis G.","family":"Ntagiopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique de la Sauvegarde Lyon\u2010Ortho\u2010Clinic 8 Avenue Ben Gourion 69009 Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Demey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique de la Sauvegarde Lyon\u2010Ortho\u2010Clinic 8 Avenue Ben Gourion 69009 Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Le Negaret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development Tornier SA Rue Lavoisier 38330 Montbonnot France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Dejour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique de la Sauvegarde Lyon\u2010Ortho\u2010Clinic 8 Avenue Ben Gourion 69009 Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"435","article-title":"Patellofemoral sliding bearing in total knee prosthesis. 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