{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T03:07:20Z","timestamp":1793070440535,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various techniques for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction have been described with two bundles of graft tensioned simultaneously. The present study was to introduce an anatomical reconstruction procedure using a horizontal Y\u2010shaped graft with respective graft tension angles and report the preliminary results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A surgical technique for MPFL reconstruction using a horizontal Y\u2010shaped semitendinosus tendon autograft with two bundles tensioned at 0\u00b0 and 30\u00b0 of knee flexion was described in detail. The patellar stability was evaluated with the apprehension test and an axial computed tomography (CT) scan at 30\u00b0 of knee flexion. The knee function was evaluated using the Lysholm and Kujala scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No recurrent dislocation or subluxation was reported for 45 patients at a mean of 33.7\u2010month follow\u2010up. On CT images, congruence angle, patellar tilt angle, lateral patellar angle and lateral displacement were restored to the normal range. At the last follow\u2010up, the mean Lysholm score improved from 51.8 \u00b1 6.2 to 91.7 \u00b1 4.1 and mean Kujala score was from 53.4 \u00b1 5.3 to 90.9 \u00b1 6.6 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present anatomical MPFL reconstruction technique with a horizontal Y\u2010shaped two\u2010bundle graft tensioned at respective knee flexion angles could not only recreate the fan\u2010shape of MPFL but also mimic the function bundles of native ligament. Clinical follow\u2010up confirms the good restoration of the patellar stability and significant improvement of knee function without special complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Therapeutic, Level IV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3005-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T09:57:28Z","timestamp":1398247048000},"page":"2445-2451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The horizontal Y\u2010shaped graft with respective graft tension angles in anatomical two\u2010bundle medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hui Jun","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital 050011 Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian Hui","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital 050011 Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital 050011 Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital 050011 Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da Hai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital 050011 Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi Min","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital 050011 Shijiazhuang Hebei 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