{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T06:07:15Z","timestamp":1787638035104,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,11]],"date-time":"2014-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,11]],"date-time":"2014-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and tibial tubercle transfer (TTT) have been used to treat chondral defects in the patellofemoral joint resulting in clinical improvement. Our study investigates the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of the matrix\u2010induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) graft at 5\u2010year follow\u2010up to determine if it provides a durable treatment option in patients with an average age of 42 (standard deviation 11.6).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three patients were available for follow\u2010up. Nine patients required realignment of the extensor mechanism with lateral release and TTT. The MRI magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) scoring system was used to assess the graft status. Clinical outcomes were assessed at these time periods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean weighted MOCART composite score improved from 2.87 at 3\u00a0months to 3.39 at 5 years, indicating an intact appearance in most grafts. Graft height measured &gt;50 % of the adjacent native cartilage in 82 % of patients. Clinical improvement assessed by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, SF\u201036 (PCS) and the 6\u2010minute walk test was demonstrated between pre\u2010operative scores and final 5\u2010year follow\u2010up. 91 % of patients would undergo MACI again. Correlation between MOCART and clinical scores were low in MACI to the patellofemoral joint. No significant difference was found in outcome between those that required realignment surgery compared with those that did not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patellofemoral MACI provides a durable graft on MRI assessment at 5 years with resultant clinical improvement. Further work is needed to determine which defect locations may benefit most from this procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>IV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3046-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,10]],"date-time":"2014-05-10T06:26:20Z","timestamp":1399703180000},"page":"2522-2530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Matrix\u2010induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) for chondral defects in the patellofemoral joint"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Meyerkort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surgery University of Western Australia Perth Australia"},{"name":"Centre For Translational Orthopaedic Research School of Surgery University of Western Australia 6009 Nedlands, Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay R.","family":"Ebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Science Exercise and Physiology The University of Western Australia Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Ackland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Science Exercise and Physiology The University of Western Australia Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Science Exercise and Physiology The University of Western Australia Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perth Radiological Clinic Subiaco, Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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