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This review focuses on return to sport after one episode of dislocation treated no operatively and as well after surgery for chronic patellofemoral instability. With or without surgery, only two\u2010thirds of patients return to sports at the same level as prior to injury. A high\u2010quality rehabilitation programme using specific exercises is the key for a safe return to sporting activities. To achieve this goal, recovery of muscle strength and dynamic stability of the lower limbs is crucial. The focus should be directed to strengthen the quadriceps muscle and pelvic stabilizers, as well as lateral trunk muscle training. Patient education and regularly performed home exercises are other key factors that can lead to a successful return to sports. The criteria for a safe return to sports include the absence of pain, no effusion, a complete range of motion, almost symmetrical strength, and excellent dynamic stability.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Level of evidence<\/jats:italic> IV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3172-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]],"date-time":"2014-07-21T09:50:25Z","timestamp":1405936225000},"page":"2320-2326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Return to sport after patellar dislocation or following surgery for patellofemoral instability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jacques","family":"M\u00e9n\u00e9trey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de medicine de l'appareil locomoteur et du sport, Unit\u00e9 d'Orthop\u00e9die et Traumatologie du Sport (UOTS) Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Service de chirurgie orthop\u00e9dique et traumatologie de l'appareil moteur University Hospital of Geneva (HUG) and Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Rue Gabrielle\u2010Perret\u2010Gentil 4 1211 Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Putman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lille Nord\u2010de\u2010France 59000 Lille France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement universitaire de chirurgie orthop\u00e9dique et de traumatologie H\u00f4pital Salengro CHRU de Lille rue \u00c9mile\u2010Laine 59037 Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Gard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de medicine de l'appareil locomoteur et du sport, Unit\u00e9 d'Orthop\u00e9die et Traumatologie du Sport (UOTS) Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Service de chirurgie orthop\u00e9dique et traumatologie de l'appareil moteur University Hospital of Geneva (HUG) and Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Rue 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