{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T22:17:11Z","timestamp":1781561831172,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]],"date-time":"2014-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]],"date-time":"2014-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to measure the tibia tubercle trochlea groove distance (TT\u2013TG) as a function of knee flexion. Our hypothesis was that there is a different pattern in healthy volunteers and patients with patella instability (PFI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six knees of 30 patients with at least one dislocation of the patella and 30\u00a0knees of 30 healthy volunteers as control group were analysed with magnetic resonance imaging by three different observers. The TT\u2013TG was measured in steps of 15\u00b0 between 0\u00b0 and 90\u00b0 of knee flexion. Furthermore, the alignment of the leg (MA), the femur torsion (FTor) and the tibia torsion (TTor) was calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The TT\u2013TG was higher in patients compared to volunteers and in extension compared to flexion. This difference was statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Most of the patients with a TT\u2013TG above 20\u00a0mm in extension showed a high decrease in flexion to normal values. In some patients, this compensating mechanism fails. MA, FTor and TTor were not different in patients and control group (n.s.).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The TT\u2013TG distance is dynamic and decreased significantly during flexion in knees with PFI and healthy volunteers. However, there were a small number of patients in the PFI group where this compensation mechanism did not work. Therefore, the decision to perform a tibia tubercle osteotomy should not be based on one single measurement in extension or 30\u00b0 of knee flexion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>II.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3173-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,12]],"date-time":"2014-08-12T10:27:55Z","timestamp":1407839275000},"page":"2396-2400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The position of the tibia tubercle in 0\u00b0\u201390\u00b0 flexion: comparing patients with patella dislocation to healthy volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Gerd","family":"Seitlinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery General Hospital Oberndorf Paracelsusstra\u00dfe 37 5110 Oberndorf Austria"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery General and Orthopaedic Hospital Stolzalpe Stolzalpe 34 8852 Stolzalpe Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Scheurecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for CT and MR Imaging am Schillerpark Rainerstra\u00dfe 6\u20108 4020 Linz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"H\u00f6gler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery General and Orthopaedic Hospital Stolzalpe Stolzalpe 34 8852 Stolzalpe Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Labey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Knee Research Smith &amp; Nephew Technologielaan 11 bis 3001 Louvain Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Innocenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Knee Research Smith &amp; Nephew Technologielaan 11 bis 3001 Louvain Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery General and Orthopaedic Hospital Stolzalpe Stolzalpe 34 8852 Stolzalpe Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00434106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6973.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CaplanN LeesD NewbyM EwenA JacksonR St ClairGA KaderDIs tibial tuberosity\u2010trochlear groove distance an appropriate measure for the identification of knees with patellar instability?.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc(2014)24651980","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-2954-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512464691"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623337"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"IzadpanahK WeitzelE VicariM HennigJ WeigelM SudkampNP NiemeyerPInfluence of knee flexion angle and weight bearing on the Tibial Tuberosity\u2010Trochlear Groove (TTTG) distance for evaluation of patellofemoral alignment.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc(2013)23716013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2537-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.89B2.18358"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290040301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510390188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050292"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00267752"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.70.834.9227249"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2005.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512438762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e3180479464"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ShermanSL EricksonBJ CvetanovichGL ChalmersPN FarrJ BachBR ColeBJTibial tuberosity osteotomy: indications techniques and outcomes.Am J Sports Med(2013)","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513507423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.168.3.9057536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.89B6.18515"}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-014-3173-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00167-014-3173-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-014-3173-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:30:50Z","timestamp":1760873450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00167-014-3173-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00167-014-3173-4"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-014-3173-4","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]]}}}