{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T02:45:13Z","timestamp":1775097913965,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This original prospective cohort study was conducted in an attempt to significantly reduce the incidence and the severity of injuries in an intervention cohort as compared to a two\u2010season historical cohort, and to provide recommendations to the International Federation of Football (IFAF) pertaining to prevention measures to make the game safer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,260 amateur male (mean age: 20.4 \u00b1 3.9 years) and 244 female (mean age: 18.5 \u00b1 1.7 years) players participated in the study. Four prevention measures were implemented: the no\u2010pocket rule, self\u2010fitting mouth guards, ankle braces (for those players with recurrent ankle sprains) and an injury treatment information brochure. All time\u2010loss injuries sustained in game sessions were recorded by the off\u2010the\u2010field medical personnel and followed up by a more detailed phone injury surveillance questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a 54 % reduction in the total number of injuries and a significant reduction in the incidence rate and incidence proportion between the intervention cohorts as compared to the historical cohort (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). There was no statistically significant reduction in the number of injuries in any of the body parts, except for in hand\/wrist injuries related to the use of pockets (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), as well as the severity of mild\u2010moderate injuries (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provided evidence that hand\/wrist injuries can be significantly reduced in flag football. Recommendations to the IFAF include strict enforcement of the no\u2010pocket rule, the use of soft headgear, comfortable\u2010fitting ankle braces and mouth guards and additionally, to change game rules concerning blocking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>II.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3266-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,10]],"date-time":"2014-09-10T03:49:48Z","timestamp":1410320988000},"page":"2002-2008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Injuries can be prevented in contact flag football!"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yonatan","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Ghent University Ghent Belgium"},{"name":"Jerusalem Sports Medicine Center Lerner Sports Center Hebrew University Mount Scopus Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grethe","family":"Myklebust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meir","family":"Nyska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Meir Hospital Kfar Saba Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Palmanovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Meir Hospital Kfar Saba Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Victor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery Ghent University Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Witvrouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Ghent University Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.15.1585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsm.0000171883.74056.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102474\u20108\u2010125"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.5.1.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2004.006882"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100838.2006.00528.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Epidemiology","author":"Gordis L","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"CD000018","article-title":"Interventions for preventing ankle ligament injuries.","volume":"3","author":"Handoll HH","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"International Flag FootballRules: 5 on 5\/non\u2010contact. 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