{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:02:46Z","timestamp":1792270966847,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rotation of the lower limbs in long\u2010leg radiographs has a significant impact on imaging the mechanical femorotibial angle, the femoral anatomic mechanical angle, the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) and the mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA). In this study, we assessed the rotation of the lower limbs in conventional radiographs and hypothesized that the relative position of the proximal fibula to the proximal tibia on long\u2010leg radiographs is related to the rotation of the knee joint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiological examinations in different rotational positions of the knee joint (incremental 40\u00b0 internal to 40\u00b0 external rotation) were imitated by 50 computed tomography scans (50 patients, 25\u00a0men and 25 women). The extent of the projection overlaps of the fibula, the fibular tip and the distance from the fibular tip to the lateral cortex were determined for every rotational position.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple regression analysis showed a very strong correlation between the measured fibular parameters and knee rotation between 20\u00b0 of internal rotation and 40\u00b0 of external rotation (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> ~ 0.94, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). By means of these results, we created a formula for predicting knee rotation:\n<jats:disp-formula>\n<jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" position=\"anchor\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/ksabf00474-math-0001.png\"><jats:alt-text>urn:x-wiley:09422056:media:ksabf00474:ksabf00474-math-0001<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:disp-formula>This strong correlation could not be found between 20\u00b0 and 40\u00b0 of internal rotation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because incorrect internal and external rotation negatively influence the correct measurement of angles (mechanical femorotibial angle, femoral anatomic mechanical angle, the mLDFA and the mMPTA), long\u2010leg radiographs should be assessed for proper rotation angles before measurement. Using the provided formula rotation of the lower limb in weight\u2010bearing, long\u2010leg radiographs can be reliably predicted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diagnostic study, Level II.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3327-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,24]],"date-time":"2014-09-24T22:03:22Z","timestamp":1411596202000},"page":"2982-2988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Predicting knee rotation by the projection overlap of the proximal fibula and tibia in long\u2010leg radiographs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"G\u00fcnther","family":"Maderbacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Schaumburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Baier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Zeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Studies University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Robert","family":"Springorum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Dornia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Grifka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Keshmiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086\u2010200403000\u201000030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264\u2010003\u20100533\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402\u2010012\u20101635\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2011.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DexelJ KirschnerS G\u00fcntherKP L\u00fctznerJAgreement between radiological and computer navigation measurement of lower limb alignment.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc(2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2599-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"GromovK KorchiM ThomsenMG HustedH TroelsenAWhat is the optimal alignment of the tibial and femoral components in knee arthroplasty?.Acta Orthop(2014)4164865"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22618"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264\u2010013\u20102100\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100032\u20101313756"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010013\u20102419\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086\u2010199610000\u201000014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LuyckxT VanhoorebeeckF BellemansJShould we aim at undercorrection when doing a total knee arthroplasty?.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc(2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3185-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/arth.2001.23714"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31927-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402\u2010009\u20100999\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.95B9.31775"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2009.04.011"}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-014-3327-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00167-014-3327-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-014-3327-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:32:31Z","timestamp":1760873551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00167-014-3327-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00167-014-3327-4"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-014-3327-4","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]}}}