{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T02:45:08Z","timestamp":1776739508459,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,19]],"date-time":"2014-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,19]],"date-time":"2014-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased tibial tubercle trochlear groove distance (TT\u2013TG) is frequently associated with trochlear dysplasia (TD). Since the trochlear groove appears more distally in patients with TD compared to controls, it is unknown whether TT\u2013TG might be comparable and meaningful.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty patients with TD were retrospectively analysed and compared to 52 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched patients (CG). TT\u2013TG was measured on transverse MR images, as the distance between the trochlear groove of minimal 2\u00a0mm depth proximally and the centre of the patellar tendon at its distal insertion. The height of the femoral reference point above joint line was recorded for both groups. TT\u2013TG measurement was repeated in CG using the first (P25), second (P50) and third quartile (P75) above joint line of TD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with TD had a significantly smaller vertical distance between the most proximal trochlear deepening and the femorotibial joint line (20.6\u00a0mm, range 10.3\u201330.9) compared to CG (33.8\u00a0mm, range 25.4\u201341.1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). TT\u2013TG values measured at 20\u00a0mm (P50) and 15\u00a0mm (P25) proximal to the femorotibial joint line were significantly smaller compared when measured with the most proximal reference point [1.8\u00a0mm (95 % CI 1.3\u20132.3, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and 2.4\u00a0mm (95 % CI 1.9\u20133.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001)] in CG. The inter\u2010rater reliability was excellent (ICC 0.99).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TT\u2013TG distance depends significantly on the femoral reference point. Since the trochlear groove is seen more distally in patients with TD compared to controls, TT\u2013TG of the patients with highest risk of recurrent patellar instability might be underestimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diagnostic study, Level I.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3386-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,18]],"date-time":"2014-10-18T10:11:04Z","timestamp":1413627064000},"page":"2741-2747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The tibial\u2013tubercle trochlear groove distance in patients with trochlear dysplasia: the influence of the proximally flat trochlea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Philippe M.","family":"Tscholl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopedic University Hospital Balgrist University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Antoniadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopedic University Hospital Balgrist University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias J.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Orthopedic University Hospital Balgrist University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter P.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopedic University Hospital Balgrist University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro F.","family":"Fucentese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopedic University Hospital Balgrist University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510373887"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511404883"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513484895"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264\u2010009\u20100929\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010012\u20101907\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e31803035ae"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"6\u00e8mes Journ\u00e9es Lyonnaises de Chirurgie du Genou","author":"Dejour H","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.304095755"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010012\u20102357\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DornacherD ReichelH LippacherSMeasurement of tibial tuberosity\u2010trochlear groove distance: evaluation of inter\u2010and intraobserver correlation dependent on the severity of trochlear dysplasia.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc(2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3083-5"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"423","article-title":"The measurement of the tibial tuberosity. 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