{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T04:23:14Z","timestamp":1784089394037,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The treatment of cartilage defects with matrix\u2010embedded autologous chondrocytes is a promising method to support the repair process and to foster reconstitution of full functionality of the joint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human osteoarthritic chondrocytes were harvest from nine different patients (mean \u00b1 SD age 68 \u00b1 8 years) who underwent total knee replacement. The chondrocytes were embedded after a precultivation phase into a collagen I hydrogel. Mid\u2010term intermitted mechanostimulation on matrix\u2010embedded dedifferentiated human osteoarthritic chondrocytes was performed by intermittently applying a cyclic sinusoid compression regime for 4\u00a0days (cycles of 1 h of sinusoidal stimulation (1\u00a0Hz) and 4 h of break; maximum compression 2.5 %). Stimulated (Flex) and non\u2010stimulated (No Flex) cell matrix constructs were analysed concerning the expression of genes involved in tissue metabolism, the content of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and the morphology of the chondrocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gene expression analysis showed a high significant increase in collagen type II expression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), a significant increase in aggrecan expression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.04) and a high significant decrease in MMP\u201013 expression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) under stimulation condition compared with unstimulated controls. No significant changes were found in the gene expression rate of MMP\u20103. This positive effect of the mechanostimulation was confirmed by the analyses of sGAG. Mechanically stimulated cell\u2013matrix constructs had nearly tripled sGAG content than the non\u2010stimulated control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.002). In addition, histological examination showed that morphology of chondrocytes was altered from a spindle\u2010shaped to a chondrocyte\u2010characteristic rounded phenotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mid\u2010term intermitted mechanical stimulation in vitro has the potential to improve the cell quality of cell matrix constructs prepared from dedifferentiated osteoarthritic chondrocytes. This observation may extend the inclusion criteria for matrix\u2010assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) and confirms the importance of moderate dynamic compression in clinical rehabilitation after MACI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3412-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]],"date-time":"2014-11-14T10:28:33Z","timestamp":1415960913000},"page":"104-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Mechanostimulation changes the catabolic phenotype of human dedifferentiated osteoarthritic chondrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Halbwirth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics Danube University Krems Dr.\u2010Karl\u2010Dorrek\u2010Strasse 30 3500 Krems 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