{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:10:31Z","timestamp":1782601831318,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,16]],"date-time":"2014-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,16]],"date-time":"2014-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patient\u2010specific guides have been introduced recently as a means of making accurate bone cuts through custom cutting blocks constructed based on pre\u2010operative three\u2010dimensional imaging. However, the controversy concerning the improved results of patient\u2010specific guides have not been resolved yet; in addition, there have been no studies to investigate the causes of variable with inconsistent results and solutions for the causes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty eight patients (38\u00a0knees) underwent total knee arthroplasty with patient\u2010specific guides. The mean age of the patients was 68 years (SD \u00b1 6.3), and all patients had a minimum 2\u2010year follow\u2010up. An intra\u2010operative alignment using navigation and the causes of outliers were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An average coronal alignment of PSI jigs was 0.5\u00b0 (SD \u00b1 0.9\u00b0) in femur and 0.1\u00b0 (SD \u00b1 0.8\u00b0) in tibia, and the number of outliers was two and three cases, respectively. An average sagittal alignment was 0.6\u00b0 (SD \u00b1 0.9\u00b0) in femur and 5.5\u00b0 (SD \u00b1 1.1\u00b0) in tibia, and the number of outliers was three and five cases, respectively. All outliers resulted from large osteophytes near the contact point of patient\u2010specific guides which disturb sitting of the guide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was suggested that patient\u2010specific guides were an effective and safe method to achieve accurate alignments, with no additional intra\u2010operative complication. It is important to note that surgeons need to be precautious using the patient\u2010specific instrumentation in patients with severe varus deformity. In addition, existing osteophytes which disturb sitting of the guides should be carefully evaluated pre\u2010operatively and intra\u2010operatively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>IV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3429-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,15]],"date-time":"2014-11-15T09:35:58Z","timestamp":1416044158000},"page":"3678-3683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Assessing the accuracy of patient\u2010specific guides for total knee arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jong\u2010Keun","family":"Seon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Center for Joint Disease Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital 322 Seoyang\u2010ro, Hwasun\u2010eup, Hwasun\u2010gun 519\u2010763 Jeonnam South 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