{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:21:14Z","timestamp":1792498874318,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,24]],"date-time":"2015-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3948-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,24]],"date-time":"2015-12-24T08:28:05Z","timestamp":1450945685000},"page":"760-767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Surgical versus conservative management of acute patellar dislocation in children and adolescents: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6170-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedict U.","family":"Nwachukwu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conan","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William W.","family":"Schairer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Dodwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"3948_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1265-z","volume":"35","author":"M Apostolovic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Apostolovic M, Vukomanovic B, Slavkovic N, Vuckovic V, Vukcevic M, Djuricic G, Kocev N (2011) Acute patellar dislocation in adolescents: operative versus nonoperative treatment. Int Orthop 35(10):1483\u20131487","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"3948_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280040601","volume":"28","author":"DM Atkin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Atkin DM, Fithian DC, Marangi KS, Stone ML, Dobson BE, Mendelsohn C (2000) Characteristics of patients with primary acute lateral patellar dislocation and their recovery within the first 6\u00a0months of injury. Am J Sports Med 28(4):472\u2013479","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3948_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsm.0000157315.10756.14","volume":"15","author":"M Buchner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buchner M, Baudendistel B, Sabo D, Schmitt H (2005) Acute traumatic primary patellar dislocation: long-term results comparing conservative and surgical treatment. Clin J Sport Med 15(2):62\u201366","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3948_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658801600308","volume":"16","author":"JD Cash","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cash JD, Hughston JC (1988) Treatment of acute patellar dislocation. Am J Sports Med 16(3):244\u2013249","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"3948_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-9-60","volume":"9","author":"B Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng B, Wu X, Ge H, Qing Sun Y, Zhang Q (2014) Operative versus conservative treatment for patellar dislocation: a meta-analysis of 7 randomized controlled trials. Diagn Pathol 9:60","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3948_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2008.03.012","volume":"24","author":"SE Christiansen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Christiansen SE, Jakobsen BW, Lund B, Lind M (2008) Isolated repair of the medial patellofemoral ligament in primary dislocation of the patella: a prospective randomized study. Arthroscopy 24(8):881\u2013887","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"3948_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S208","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20632","volume":"63","author":"NJ Collins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Collins NJ, Misra D, Felson DT, Crossley KM, Roos EM (2011) Measures of knee function: International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS), Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADL), Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Activity Rating Scale (ARS), and Tegner Activity Score (TAS). Arthritis Care Res 63(Suppl 11):S208\u2013S228","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"3948_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.11.040","volume":"31","author":"BJ Erickson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Erickson BJ, Mascarenhas R, Sayegh ET, Saltzman B, Verma NN, Bush-Joseph CA, Cole BJ, Bach BR Jr (2015) Does operative treatment of first-time patellar dislocations lead to increased patellofemoral stability? A systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses. Arthroscopy 31(6):1207\u20131215","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"5","key":"3948_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503260788","volume":"32","author":"DC Fithian","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fithian DC, Paxton EW, Stone ML, Silva P, Davis DK, Elias DA, White LM (2004) Epidemiology and natural history of acute patellar dislocation. Am J Sports Med 32(5):1114\u20131121","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3948_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515590803","volume":"43","author":"TE Foster","year":"2015","unstructured":"Foster TE (2015) Redefining the value of sports medicine. Am J Sports Med 43(7):1573\u20131574","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3948_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400614","volume":"24","author":"WP Garth Jr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Garth WP Jr, Pomphrey M Jr, Merrill K (1996) Functional treatment of patellar dislocation in an athletic population. Am J Sports Med 24(6):785\u2013791","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3948_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318299cb50","volume":"28","author":"F Hartmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hartmann F, Dietz SO, Rommens PM, Gercek E (2014) Long-term outcome after operative treatment of traumatic patellar dislocation in adolescents. J Orthop Trauma 28(3):173\u2013180","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"3948_CR13","first-page":"CD 008106","volume":"11","author":"CB Hing","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hing CB, Smith TO, Donell S, Song F (2011) Surgical versus non-surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11:CD 008106","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"3948_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2020-8","volume":"21","author":"HJ Kang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kang HJ, Wang F, Chen BC, Zhang YZ, Ma L (2013) Non-surgical treatment for acute patellar dislocation with special emphasis on the MPFL injury patterns. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21(2):325\u2013331","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"3948_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198211000-00023","volume":"171","author":"E Larsen","year":"1982","unstructured":"Larsen E, Lauridsen F (1982) Conservative treatment of patellar dislocations. Influence of evident factors on the tendency to redislocation and the therapeutic result. Clin Orthop Relat Res 171:131\u2013136","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3948_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1398373","volume":"28","author":"L Lewallen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lewallen L, McIntosh A, Dahm D (2015) First-time patellofemoral dislocation: risk factors for recurrent instability. J Knee Surg 28(4):303\u2013309","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3948_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512472873","volume":"41","author":"LW Lewallen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lewallen LW, McIntosh AL, Dahm DL (2013) Predictors of recurrent instability after acute patellofemoral dislocation in pediatric and adolescent patients. Am J Sports Med 41(3):575\u2013581","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3948_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.02.044","volume":"30","author":"GT Matic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matic GT, Magnussen RA, Kolovich GP, Flanigan DC (2014) Return to activity after medial patellofemoral ligament repair or reconstruction. Arthroscopy 30(8):1018\u20131025","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"9193","key":"3948_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04149-5","volume":"354","author":"D Moher","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D, Stroup DF (1999) Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Quality of reporting of meta-analyses. Lancet 354(9193):1896\u20131900","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"3948_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","volume":"62","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol 62(10):1006\u20131012","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"3948_CR21","author":"EB Mostrom","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mostrom EB, Mikkelsen C, Weidenhielm L (2014) Long-term follow-up of nonoperatively and operatively treated acute primary patellar dislocation in skeletally immature patients. Sci World J. doi: 10.1155\/2014\/473281","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3948_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199407000-00018","volume":"14","author":"Y Nietosvaara","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nietosvaara Y, Aalto K, Kallio PE (1994) Acute patellar dislocation in children: incidence and associated osteochondral fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 14(4):513\u2013515","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"3948_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670510041790","volume":"76","author":"R Nikku","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nikku R, Nietosvaara Y, Aalto K, Kallio PE (2005) Operative treatment of primary patellar dislocation does not improve medium-term outcome: a 7-year follow-up report and risk analysis of 127 randomized patients. Acta Orthop 76(5):699\u2013704","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"3948_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679708996254","volume":"68","author":"R Nikku","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nikku R, Nietosvaara Y, Kallio PE, Aalto K, Michelsson JE (1997) Operative versus closed treatment of primary dislocation of the patella. Similar 2-year results in 125 randomized patients. Acta Orthop Scand 68(5):419\u2013423","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"3948_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-004-0544-2","volume":"13","author":"E Nomura","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nomura E, Inoue M, Osada N (2005) Augmented repair of avulsion-tear type medial patellofemoral ligament injury in acute patellar dislocation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 13(5):346\u2013351","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"3948_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514544684","volume":"43","author":"BU Nwachukwu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nwachukwu BU, Schairer WW, Bernstein JL, Dodwell ER, Marx RG, Allen AA (2015) Cost-effectiveness analyses in orthopaedic sports medicine: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med 43(6):1530\u20131537","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3948_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00072","volume":"90","author":"S Palmu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Palmu S, Kallio PE, Donell ST, Helenius I, Nietosvaara Y (2008) Acute patellar dislocation in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90(3):463\u2013470","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"3948_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2347-1","volume":"21","author":"AS Panni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Panni AS, Vasso M, Cerciello S (2013) Acute patellar dislocation. What to do? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21(2):275\u2013278","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"3948_CR29","author":"G Regalado","year":"2014","unstructured":"Regalado G, Lintula H, Kokki H, Kroger H, Vaatainen U, Eskelinen M (2014) Six-year outcome after non-surgical versus surgical treatment of acute primary patellar dislocation in adolescents: a prospective randomized trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. doi: 10.1007\/s00167-014-3271-3","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"5","key":"3948_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1313750","volume":"25","author":"KD Shelbourne","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shelbourne KD, Urch SE, Gray T (2012) Results of medial retinacular imbrication in patients with unilateral patellar dislocation. J Knee Surg 25(5):391\u2013396","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"3948_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509333010","volume":"37","author":"PJ Sillanpaa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sillanpaa PJ, Peltola E, Mattila VM, Kiuru M, Visuri T, Pihlajamaki H (2009) Femoral avulsion of the medial patellofemoral ligament after primary traumatic patellar dislocation predicts subsequent instability in men: a mean 7-year nonoperative follow-up study. Am J Sports Med 37(8):1513\u20131521","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"3948_CR32","first-page":"Cd008106","volume":"2","author":"TO Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith TO, Donell S, Song F, Hing CB (2015) Surgical versus non-surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:Cd008106","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"3948_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1355-2","volume":"19","author":"TO Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith TO, Song F, Donell ST, Hing CB (2011) Operative versus non-operative management of patellar dislocation. A meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19(6):988\u2013998","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"3948_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e31802eb40a","volume":"455","author":"JJ Stefancin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stefancin JJ, Parker RD (2007) First-time traumatic patellar dislocation: a systematic review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 455:93\u2013101","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3948_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B3.2341428","volume":"72","author":"S Vainionpaa","year":"1990","unstructured":"Vainionpaa S, Laasonen E, Silvennoinen T, Vasenius J, Rokkanen P (1990) Acute dislocation of the patella. A prospective review of operative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Br 72(3):366\u2013369","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"8","key":"3948_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.03.075","volume":"29","author":"P Vavken","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vavken P, Wimmer MD, Camathias C, Quidde J, Valderrabano V, Pagenstert G (2013) Treating patella instability in skeletally immature patients. Arthroscopy 29(8):1410\u20131422","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"7","key":"3948_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/167.7.537","volume":"167","author":"T Visuri","year":"2002","unstructured":"Visuri T, Maenpaa H (2002) Patellar dislocation in army conscripts. Mil Med 167(7):537\u2013540","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3948_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-013-1400-1","volume":"24","author":"X Zheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zheng X, Kang K, Li T, Lu B, Dong J, Gao S (2014) Surgical versus non-surgical management for primary patellar dislocations: an up-to-date meta-analysis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 24(8):1513\u20131523","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-015-3948-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00167-015-3948-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-015-3948-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T19:17:28Z","timestamp":1702667848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00167-015-3948-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,24]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-015-3948-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,24]]}}}